scholarly journals Comparison of Optimal Control Designs for a 5 MW Wind Turbine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8774
Author(s):  
Yiza-srikanth Reddy ◽  
Sung-ho Hur
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Drive Train ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Design Models ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Optimal Controllers ◽  
The Time Domain

Optimal controllers, namely Model Predictive Control (MPC), H∞ Control (H∞), and Linear Quadratic Gaussian control (LQG), are designed for a 5 MW horizontal-axis variable-speed wind turbine. The control design models required as part of the optimal control design are obtained by using a high fidelity aeroelastic model (i.e., DNV Bladed). The optimal controllers are eventually designed in three operating modes: below-rated, just below-rated, and above rated-wind speeds, based on linearized control design models. The linearized models are reduced by using a model reduction technique to facilitate the design of optimal controllers. The controllers are analyzed not only in the time domain but also in the frequency domain and on the torque/speed plane. Simulation results demonstrated that optimal controllers perform better than the standard proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, particularly for removing oscillation due to the drive-train mode without incorporating a drive-train damper.

scholarly journals Optimal Control of the Positional Electric Drive and Its Implementation

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Vladimir Dotsenko ◽  
Roman Prokudin ◽  
Alexander Litvinenko
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
Capacitor Discharge ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Wind Speeds

The article deals with the optimal control of the positional electric drive of the stator element of a segment-type wind turbine. The calculation options charts current in the assumption of the minimum energy consumption and the implementation of line chart current using the phenomenon of capacitor discharge. The analysis of the implementation is expressed in a jump-like change in current and a triangular graph of the speed change. This article deals with small capacity synchronous wind turbine generators with a segment type stator. These units have the possibility of intentionally changing the air gap between the rotor and stator. This allows: (1) Reduce the starting torque on the rotor shaft, which will allow the rotor to pick up at low wind speeds. (2) Equivalent to change of air gap in this case is change of excitation of synchronous generators. Thus, the purpose of the article is to consider a method of excitation of generators in a segmented design, by controlling the gap with the electric drive, while providing control should be carried out with minimal losses.

scholarly journals Model of a Wind Turbine with Variable Blade Angle

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Stanisław Chudzik
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Blade Angle ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Wind Speeds

The article presents the results of research into the operation of a model of a wind micropower plant with a variable blade angle. The research was carried out on a miniature model of a measuring stand built for the purpose of carrying out work on pre-developed projects of wind micro power plants. The stand allows to carry out measurements related to the selection of the optimal propeller geometry, as well as the development and testing of algorithms for optimal control of the micropower plant. The physical basics of wind turbine operation and the methods of its optimal control are presented. The results of the performed measurements for the selected propeller blade geometry with the possibility of changing its setting angle are presented. A DC generator with a load with a non-linear characteristic in the form of a Li-Po battery cell was used. The results of operation of a simple MPPT control algorithm are presented. The lack of optimal control systems for the operation of micropower plants is dictated by the general belief that the costs of its production are high in relation to the possible improvement of the efficiency of micropower plants. Moreover, the practical methods of controlling larger wind turbines are not optimal for small and very small turbines. The conducted research focused on determining the possibility of using turbines with variable blade angles depending on its rotational speed. In larger wind farms, changing the blade angle is mainly used to limit the power of the turbine at high wind speeds. In micro wind power plants such solutions are not used for economic reasons. However, the use of a simple mechanism for changing the angle of the blades depending on the rotational speed of the propeller can increase the efficiency of the turbine in a wider range of wind speeds. The small dimensions of the research model allow for quick and cheap development of preliminary prototypes of turbine blades thanks to the possibility of using 3D printing technology.

scholarly journals Vehicle Optimal Control Design to Meet the 1.5 °C Target: A Control Design Framework for Vehicle Subsystems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3170
Author(s):  
Hu ◽  
Chen ◽  
Ding ◽  
Gu
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Co2 Intensity ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

Current studies have achieved energy savings of vehicle subsystems through various control strategies, but these control strategies lack a benchmark to measure whether these energy savings are sufficient. This work proposes a control design framework that uses the 1.5 °C target in the Paris Agreement as a benchmark to measure the adequacy of energy savings of vehicle subsystems. This control design framework involves two points. One is the conversion of the 1.5 °C target into a constraint on the energy consumption of a vehicle subsystem. The other is the optimal control design of the vehicle subsystem under this constraint. To describe the specific application of this control design framework, we conduct a case study concerning the control design of active suspension in a battery electric light-duty vehicle. By comparison with a widely used linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method, we find that this control design framework can both ensure the performance comparable to the LQR method and help to meet the 1.5 °C target in the Paris Climate Agreement. In addition, a sensitivity analysis shows that the control effect is hardly changed by battery electric vehicle market share and electricity CO2 intensity. This work might provide insight on ways that the automotive industry could contribute to the Paris Agreement.

Cluster Analysis and Switching Algorithm of Multi-Objective Optimal Control Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Chang Qin ◽  
Jian-Qiao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Optimal Designs ◽  
Pareto Optimal ◽  
Pareto Optimal Solutions ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Switching Algorithm ◽  
Optimal Controllers

The multi-objective optimal control design usually generates hundreds or thousands of Pareto optimal solutions. How to assist a user to select an appropriate controller to implement is a postprocessing issue. In this paper, we develop a method of cluster analysis of the Pareto optimal designs to discover the similarity of the optimal controllers. After we identify the clusters of optimal controllers, we develop a switching strategy to select controls from different clusters to improve the performance. Numerical and experimental results show that the switching control algorithm is quite promising.

Model-Based Receding Horizon Control of Wind Turbine System for Optimal Power Generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Peter Anuoluwapo Gbadega ◽  
Akshay Kumar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Wind Turbine System ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

Wind power has many benefits over other energy sources, including a high power density and an outstanding return on investment. However, there are some drawbacks, such as intermittent output power and the need for periodic maintenance. As a result, its output is substantially variable, making it difficult to predict and potentially causing system instability. Therefore, to model such a source, it is necessary to model the dynamic behavior of the wind turbine generator as well as the characteristics of the wind speed to capture the fluctuations. Furthermore, the durability and efficiency of the wind energy conversion system (WECS) are wholly dependent on the quality of the control strategy employed. In this paper, we introduced a control scheme, which makes it possible to find an optimal solution to the control problem while at the same time operating within the constraint point. Therefore, we designed the Model Predictive Controller to control and smoothly transition the wind turbine in all its operating modes while complying with its constraints. The main objective of using this control technique is to maximize power production while keeping the control action as simple as possible. The WECS used in this study is the horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT), which are easier to control as their dynamics are not so complicated to model and, at the same time, produce maximum output power. The controller works have to adapt in the same way as the control goals are different for different wind speeds. Gain and weight scheduling strategies are used to design a control system that allows smooth transitioning between control regions. The dynamics of the wind turbine system and the controller are designed and simulated by the MATLAB / Simulink environment.

Digital Optimal Vibration Control of a Flexible Structure Containing Piezoelectric Elements

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo L. C. M. de Abreu ◽  
Jose´ F. Ribeiro ◽  
Valder Steffen
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Linear Quadratic Regulator ◽  
Flexible Beam ◽  
State Estimator ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Piezoelectric Elements ◽  
Beam Type

In this paper, a digital regulator is designed and experimentally implemented for a flexible beam type structure containing piezoelectric sensors and actuators by using optimal control design techniques. The controller consists of a linear quadratic regulator with a state estimator, namely a Kalman observer. The structure is a cantilever beam containing a set of sensor/actuator PVDF/PZT ceramic piezoelectric patches bonded to the beam at optimal location points. Experimental results illustrate the optimal control design of a cantilever beam structure.

Robust quadratic finite-horizon optimal controllers design of uncertain active suspension systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (7) ◽  
pp. 941-955
Author(s):  
S-H Chen ◽  
W-H Ho ◽  
J-H Chou ◽  
S-K Lin
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Constrained Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Finite Horizon ◽  
Constrained Optimization Problem ◽  
Optimal Controllers ◽  
Quadratic Optimal Control

By integrating the robust stabilizability condition, the orthogonal functions approach (OFA), and the hybrid Taguchi-genetic algorithm (HTGA), an integrative method is presented in this paper to design a robust-stable and quadratic optimal controller such that (a) the active suspension system with elemental parametric uncertainties can be robustly stabilized, and (b) a quadratic finite-horizon integral performance index for the nominal active suspension system can be minimized. In this paper, the robust stabilizability condition is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on the OFA, an algebraic algorithm involving only algebraic computation is derived in this paper for solving the nominal active suspension feedback dynamic equations. By using the OFA and the LMI-based robust stabilizability condition, the dynamic optimization problem for the robust-stable and quadratic optimal control design of the linear uncertain active suspension system is transformed into a static-constrained optimization problem represented by algebraic equations with the constraint of the LMI-based robust stabilizability condition; thus greatly simplifying the robust-stable and quadratic optimal control design problem of the linear uncertain active suspension system. Then, for the static-constrained optimization problem, the HTGA is employed to find the robust-stable and quadratic optimal controllers of the linear uncertain active suspension system. A design example is given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed integrative approach.

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