scholarly journals Reconfigurable Logic Controller—Direct FPGA Synthesis Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8515
Author(s):  
Adam Milik ◽  
Marcin Kubica ◽  
Dariusz Kania
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Formal Method ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Graph Representation ◽  
Program Execution ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Programmable Devices

Programmable logic controllers are commonly used in automation systems. Continuously growing demands result in the growth of control program complexity. The classic approach, based on programmatic serial-cyclic execution, results in an unacceptable extension of response time. To overcome long response time massive parallel program execution is proposed. It utilize direct in hardware program implementation in field programmable devices. The paper brings a formal method of representing control programs using flow graphs and enabling single cycle computations. The developed method accepts ladder diagrams (LD) and sequential function charts (SFC), according to IEC61131-3 standard requirements. It is capable of handling logic and arithmetic computations, enabling its hardware mapping. The intermediate form is optimized using flow graph representation and BDDs for analyzing logic dependencies. The BDD representation of logic dependencies enables direct mapping to lookup tables of a selected FPGA family. All the above steps deliver high-performance and direct hardware implementation of the control program given by standard languages. The controller response time is short, predictable, and independent from logic conditions during program execution.

scholarly journals On the systematic method of conditional control program execution by a PLC

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Milik ◽  
M. Chmiel ◽  
E. Hrynkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Program Analysis ◽  
Formal Method ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Program Execution ◽  
Task Partitioning ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Conditional Control ◽  
Changes Detection ◽  
Plc Program ◽  
Selective Program

Abstract The paper presents an original idea of the selective control program execution that allows significant response time reduction. The exhaustive analysis of the PLC program performance is given. An analytic approach explains the idea of the selective control program evaluation and gives the requirements for its feasibility. There is presented a systematic and formal method of program analysis based on a data flow graph approach. The method generates acyclic graph from the control program that is subject of optimization, variable allocation and instruction generation. The graph approach allows determining variables dependencies and task partitioning required by selective program execution. The method utilize the hardware supported variable changes detection. It is transparent for system operation and enables evaluation of blocks that require update.

scholarly journals Dual-Cation Electrolytes Crosslinked with MXene for High-Performance Electrochromic Devices

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Soyoung Bae ◽  
Youngno Kim ◽  
Jeong Min Kim ◽  
Jung Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
High Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Electrochromic Device ◽  
Fast Response Time ◽  
Coloration Efficiency ◽  
Conduction Pathway

MXene, a 2D material, is used as a filler to manufacture polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity because of its unique sheet shape, large specific surface area and high aspect ratio. Because MXene has numerous -OH groups on its surface, it can cause dehydration and condensation reactions with poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) and consequently create pathways for the conduction of cations. The movement of Grotthuss-type hydrogen ions along the cation-conduction pathway is promoted and a high ionic conductivity can be obtained. In addition, when electrolytes composed of a conventional acid or metal salt alone is applied to an electrochromic device (ECD), it does not bring out fast response time, high coloration efficiency and transmittance contrast simultaneously. Therefore, dual-cation electrolytes are designed for high-performance ECDs. Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amine lithium salt (LiTFSI) was used as a source of lithium ions and PSSA crosslinked with MXene was used as a source of protons. Dual-Cation electrolytes crosslinked with MXene was applied to an indium tin oxide-free, all-solution-processable ECD. The effect of applying the electrolyte to the device was verified in terms of response time, coloration efficiency and transmittance contrast. The ECD with a size of 5 × 5 cm2 showed a high transmittance contrast of 66.7%, fast response time (8 s/15 s) and high coloration efficiency of 340.6 cm2/C.

scholarly journals Hardware-Assisted Security Monitoring Unit for Real-Time Ensuring Secure Instruction Execution and Data Processing in Embedded Systems

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1450
Author(s):  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Zhun Zhang ◽  
Qiang Hao ◽  
Dongdong Xu ◽  
Jiqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Program Execution ◽  
Security Monitoring ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Capability Evaluation ◽  
Security Capability

The hardware security of embedded systems is raising more and more concerns in numerous safety-critical applications, such as in the automotive, aerospace, avionic, and railway systems. Embedded systems are gaining popularity in these safety-sensitive sectors with high performance, low power, and great reliability, which are ideal control platforms for executing instruction operation and data processing. However, modern embedded systems are still exposing many potential hardware vulnerabilities to malicious attacks, including software-level and hardware-level attacks; these can cause program execution failure and confidential data leakage. For this reason, this paper presents a novel embedded system by integrating a hardware-assisted security monitoring unit (SMU), for achieving a reinforced system-on-chip (SoC) on ensuring program execution and data processing security. This architecture design was implemented and evaluated on a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA development board. Based on the evaluation of the SMU hardware implementation in terms of performance overhead, security capability, and resource consumption, the experimental results indicate that the SMU does not lead to a significant speed degradation to processor while executing different benchmarks, and its average performance overhead reduces to 2.18% on typical 8-KB I/D-Caches. Security capability evaluation confirms the monitoring effectiveness of SMU against both instruction and data tampering attacks. Meanwhile, the SoC satisfies a good balance between high-security and resource overhead.

Step Change Transformation of Legacy Rigs to Autonomous Drilling Rigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Ziatdinov ◽  
Titto Thomas Philip
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Drilling Rigs

Abstract During the past decade, drilling automation systems have been an attractive target for a lot of operating and drilling companies. Despite progress in automation in various industries, like mining and downstream, the drilling industry has lagged far behind in the real application of autonomous technologies implementation. This can be attributed to harsh environment, high level of uncertainty in input data, and that majority of stock is legacy drilling rigs, resulting in capital intensive implementations. In the past years there have been several attempts to create fully automated rigs, that includes surface automation and drilling automation. Such solutions are very attractive, because they allow people to move out of hazardous zones and, at the same time, improve performance. However, the main deficiency of such an approach is the very high capital investment required for development of highly bespoke rigs (Slagmulder 2016). And in the current business environment, with high volatility in oil and gas prices, plus the huge negative effect of the Covid-19 crisis on the world's economic situation, it would be hard to imagine that there are a lot of companies willing to make such a risky investment. In addition to this, due to the lack of demand, the market is full of relatively new, high-performance rigs. Taking all these into account, the obvious question is whether it makes sense to invest money and time into the development of drilling automation. The answer should be yes, for three substantial reasons:Automation improves personal safety, by moving people out of danger zones;Automation improves process safety, by transferring execution from person to machine, which reduces the risk of human error;Automation improves efficiency by bringing consistency to drilling and through the use of self-learning algorithms, which allow machines to drill each successive well better than the previous. This paper will not look into surface automation, such as pipe-handling, chemical and mud handling on site. The paper is focused on the subsurface, namely on the drilling automation process, the challenges that need to be overcome to deploy a vendor agnostic system on a majority of existing rigs. A vendor agnostic system is a modification of an operator's autonomous drilling system (Rassenfoss 2011), designed to use existing rigs, BHAs, and have minimum footprint on the rigs for operational use. A vendor agnostic system will increase adoption of automated technologies and further drive improvements in operational and business performance

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Interventions to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening at Federally Qualified Health Centers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-883
Author(s):  
Florence K. L. Tangka ◽  
Sujha Subramanian ◽  
Sonja Hoover ◽  
Amy DeGroff ◽  
Djenaba Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Screening Uptake ◽  
Cancer Control Program

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a long-standing commitment to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for vulnerable populations. In 2005, the CDC began a demonstration in five states and, with lessons learned, launched a national program, the Colorectal Cancer Control Program (CRCCP), in 2009. The CRCCP continues today and its current emphasis is the implementation of evidence-based interventions to promote CRC screening. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of four CRCCP awardees and their federally qualified health center partners as an introduction to the accompanying series of research briefs where we present individual findings on impacts of evidence-based interventions on CRC screening uptake for each awardee. We also include in this article the conceptual framework used to guide our research. Our findings contribute to the evidence base and guide future program implementation to improve sustainability, increase CRC screening, and address disparities in screening uptake.

Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method with UV Detection for the Determination of Ethopabate Residues in Poultry Liver

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1483-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo H M M Granja ◽  
Alfredo M Montes Niño ◽  
Roberto A M Zucchetti ◽  
Rosario E Montes Niño ◽  
Alessandro G Salerno
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Control Program ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Uv Detection ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Detection Capability ◽  
Decision Limit ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract Ethopabate is frequently used in the prophylaxis and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry. Residues of this drug in food present a potential risk to consumers. A simple, rapid, and sensitive column high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with UV detection for determination of ethopabate in poultry liver is presented. The drug is extracted with acetonitrile. After evaporation, the residue is dissolved with an acetonehexane mixture and cleaned up by solid-phase extraction using Florisil columns. The analyte is then eluted with methanol. LC analysis is carried out on a C18 5 m Gemini column, 15 cm 4.6 mm. Ethopabate is quantified by means of UV detection at 270 nm. Parameters such as decision limit, detection capability, precision, recovery, ruggedness, and measurement uncertainty were calculated according to method validation guidelines provided in 2002/657/EC and ISO/IEC 17025:2005. Decision limit and detection capability were determined to be 2 and 3 g/kg, respectively. Average recoveries from poultry samples fortified with 10, 15, and 20 g/kg levels of ethopabate were 100105. A complete statistical analysis was performed on the results obtained, including an estimation of the method uncertainty. The method is to be implemented into Brazil's residue monitoring and control program for ethopabate.

Pruners: Providing reproducibility for uncovering non-deterministic errors in runs on supercomputers

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kento Sato ◽  
Ignacio Laguna ◽  
Gregory L Lee ◽  
Martin Schulz ◽  
Christopher M Chambreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Parallel Applications ◽  
Program Execution ◽  
World Production ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Full System ◽  
Scientific Simulations ◽  
Large Application

Large scientific simulations must be able to achieve the full-system potential of supercomputers. When they tap into high-performance features, however, a phenomenon known as non-determinism may be introduced in their program execution, which significantly hampers application development. Pruners is a new toolset to detect and remedy non-deterministic bugs and errors in large parallel applications. To show the capabilities of Pruners for large application development, we also demonstrate their early usage on real-world production applications.

High performance electrochromic devices based on a polyindole derivative, poly(1H-benzo[g]indole)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (43) ◽  
pp. 11318-11325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangming Nie ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Changlong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Optical Memory ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Electrochromic Devices ◽  
Optical Contrast ◽  
Fast Response Time ◽  
Coloration Efficiency ◽  
Long Term Stability

An ECD based on electrochromic poly(1H-benzo[g]indole) was fabricated. The color of this ECD can switch between green and navy blue with good optical contrast, high coloration efficiency, fast response time, better optical memory and long-term stability.

High-performance photorefractive polymer operating at 1550 nm with near-video-rate response time

2005 ◽  
Vol 87 (17) ◽  
pp. 171105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savaş Tay ◽  
Jayan Thomas ◽  
Muhsin Eralp ◽  
Guoqiang Li ◽  
Robert A. Norwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Photorefractive Polymer
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