scholarly journals Cashew Gum (Anacardium occidentale) as a Potential Source for the Production of Tocopherol-Loaded Nanoparticles: Formulation, Release Profile and Cytotoxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8467
Author(s):  
Kahynna C. Loureiro ◽  
Alessandro Jäger ◽  
Ewa Pavlova ◽  
Isabel B. Lima-Verde ◽  
Petr Štěpánek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cashew Gum ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Average Size

Every year, more than thirty thousand tons of Cashew gum (Anacardium occidentale, family: Anacardiaceae) are produced in Brazil; however, only a small amount is used for different applications in foodstuff and in pharmaceutical industries. As a raw material for the production of drug delivery systems, cashew gum is still regarded as an innovative compound worth to be exploited. In this work, cashew gum was extracted from the crude exudate of cashew tree employing four methodologies resulting in a light brown powder in different yields (40.61% to 58.40%). The total ashes (0.34% to 1.05%) and moisture (12.90% to 14.81%) were also dependent on the purification approach. FTIR spectra showed the typical bands of purified cashew gum samples, confirming their suitability for the development of a pharmaceutical product. Cashew gum nanoparticles were produced by nanoprecipitation resulting in particles of low polydispersity (<0.2) and an average size depending on the percentage of the oil. The zeta potential of nanoparticles was found to be below 20 mV, which promotes electrostatic stability. Encapsulation efficiencies were above 99.9%, while loading capacity increased with the increase of the percentage of the oil content of particles. The release of the oil from the nanoparticles followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetics model, while particles did not show any signs of toxicity when tested in three distinct cell lines (LLC-MK2, HepG2, and THP-1). Our study highlights the potential added value of using a protein-, lignans-, and nucleic acids-enriched resin obtained from crude extract as a new raw material for the production of drug delivery systems.

Development of Innovative Orally Fast Disintegrating Film Dosage Forms: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1666-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhu Prasad Panda ◽  
N.S Dey ◽  
M.E.B. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Over the past few decades, there has been an increased interest for innovative drug delivery systems to improve safety, efficacy and patient compliance, thereby increasing the product patent life cycle. The discovery and development of new chemical entities is not only an expensive but also time consuming affair. Hence the pharmaceutical industries are focusing on the design and development of innovative drug delivery systems for existing drugs. One such delivery system is the fast disintegrating oral film, which has gained popularity among pediatric and geriatric patients. This fast disintegrating film with many potential benefits of a fast disintegrating tablet but devoid of friability and risk of choking is more acceptable to pediatric and geriatric patients. Formulation of fast disintegrating film can be achieved by various techniques, but common methods of preparation include spraying and casting. These film forming techniques use hydrophilic film former in combination with suitable excipients, which allow the film to disintegrate or dissolve quickly in the mouth within a few seconds without the administration of water. In view of the advantages of the fast disintegrating films over the fast disintegrating tablets and other dosage forms, it has the potential for commercial exploitation. The oral film dosage form not only has certain advantages of other fast disintegrating systems but also satisfies the unmet needs of the market. The present review emphasizes on the potential benefits, design and development of robust, stable, and innovative orally fast- disintegrating films and their future scenarios on a global market as a pharmaceutical dosage form.  

Microwave-initiated rapid synthesis of phthalated cashew gum for drug delivery systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 117226
Author(s):  
Antônia Carla de Jesus Oliveira ◽  
Luíse Lopes Chaves ◽  
Fábio de Oliveira Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Laís Ramos Monteiro de Lima ◽  
Thaisa Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Rapid Synthesis ◽  
Cashew Gum

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Pullulan–Dexamethasone Conjugates in Retinal Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Eva Kicková ◽  
Amir Sadeghi ◽  
Jooseppi Puranen ◽  
Shirin Tavakoli ◽  
Merve Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Intravitreal Injections ◽  
Aqueous Humor Outflow ◽  
Charged Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Size

The treatment of retinal diseases by intravitreal injections requires frequent administration unless drug delivery systems with long retention and controlled release are used. In this work, we focused on pullulan (≈67 kDa) conjugates of dexamethasone as therapeutic systems for intravitreal administration. The pullulan–dexamethasone conjugates self-assemble into negatively charged nanoparticles (average size 326 ± 29 nm). Intravitreal injections of pullulan and pullulan–dexamethasone were safe in mouse, rat and rabbit eyes. Fluorescently labeled pullulan particles showed prolonged retention in the vitreous and they were almost completely eliminated via aqueous humor outflow. Pullulan conjugates also distributed to the retina via Müller glial cells when tested in ex vivo retina explants and in vivo. Pharmacokinetic simulations showed that pullulan–dexamethasone conjugates may release free and active dexamethasone in the vitreous humor for over 16 days, even though a large fraction of dexamethasone may be eliminated from the eye as bound pullulan–dexamethasone. We conclude that pullulan based drug conjugates are promising intravitreal drug delivery systems as they may reduce injection frequency and deliver drugs into the retinal cells.

Tumor-targeted Drug Delivery by Nanocomposites

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 599-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Baker ◽  
Mohd Salman Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Mohd Sajid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Great Achievement ◽  
Tumor Environment ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Stimuli Sensitive

Background: Tumor-targeted delivery by nanoparticles is a great achievement towards the use of highly effective drug at very low doses. The conventional development of tumor-targeted delivery by nanoparticles is based on enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and endocytosis based on receptor-mediated are very demanding due to the biological and natural complications of tumors as well as the restrictions on the design of the accurate nanoparticle delivery systems. Methods: Different tumor environment stimuli are responsible for triggered multistage drug delivery systems (MSDDS) for tumor therapy and imaging. Physicochemical properties, such as size, hydrophobicity and potential transform by MSDDS because of the physiological blood circulation different, intracellular tumor environment. This system accomplishes tumor penetration, cellular uptake improved, discharge of drugs on accurate time, and endosomal discharge. Results: Maximum drug delivery by MSDDS mechanism to target therapeutic cells and also tumor tissues and sub cellular organism. Poorly soluble compounds and bioavailability issues have been faced by pharmaceutical industries, which are resolved by nanoparticle formulation. Conclusion: In our review, we illustrate different types of triggered moods and stimuli of the tumor environment, which help in smart multistage drug delivery systems by nanoparticles, basically a multi-stimuli sensitive delivery system, and elaborate their function, effects, and diagnosis.

Theoretical formulation strategies towards neutralizing inter-individual variability associated with tacrolimus immunosuppressant therapy: a case study on next generation personalized medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Radhakrishnan ◽  
Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Dose Titration ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Novel Drug

: Individualizing drug therapy and attaining maximum benefits of a drug devoid of adverse reactions is the benefit of personalized medicine. One of the important factors contributing to inter-individual variability is genetic polymorphism. As of now, dose titration is the only followed golden standard for implementing personalized medicine. Converting the genotypic data into an optimized dose has become easier now due to technology development. However, for many drugs, finding an individualized dose may not be successful, which further leads to a trial and error approach. These dose titration strategies are generally followed at the clinical level, and so industrial involvement and further standardizations are not feasible. On the other side, technologically driven pharmaceutical industries have multiple smart drug delivery systems which are underutilized towards personalized medicine. Transdisciplinary research with drug delivery science can additionally support the personalization by converting the traditional concept of “dose titration towards personalization” with novel “dose-cum-dosage form modification towards next-generation personalized medicine”; the latter approach is useful to overcome gene-based inter-individual variability by either blocking, downregulating, or bypassing the biological protein generated by the polymorphic gene. This article elaborates an advanced approach to implement personalized medicine with the support of novel drug delivery systems. As a case study, we further reviewed the genetic polymorphisms associated with tacrolimus and customized novel drug delivery systems to overcome these challenges factored towards personalized medicine for better clinical outcomes, thereby paving a new strategy for implementing personalized medicine for all other drug candidates.

Ionic liquids as a potential tool for drug delivery systems

MedChemComm ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1881-1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorul Adawiyah ◽  
Muhammad Moniruzzaman ◽  
Siti Hawatulaila ◽  
Masahiro Goto
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Potential Tool

The pharmaceutical industries face a series of challenges in the delivery of many newly developed drug molecules because of their low solubility, bioavailability, stability and polymorphic conversion.

scholarly journals Nano Based Approach for the Treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian ◽  
Theivendren Panneerselvam ◽  
Parasuraman Pavadai ◽  
Saravanan Govindaraj ◽  
Vigneshwaran Ravishankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) afflict more than one billion peoples in the world’s poorest countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recorded seventeen NTDs in its portfolio, mainly caused by bacterial, protozoal, parasitic, and viral infections. Each of the NTDs has its unique challenges on human health such as interventions for control, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Research for the development of new drug molecules against NTDs has not been undertaken by pharmaceutical industries due to high investment and low-returns, which results in limited chemotherapeutics in the market. In addition, conventional chemotherapies for the treatment of NTDs are unsatisfactory due to its low efficacy, increased drug resistance, short half-life, potential or harmful fatal toxic side effects, and drug incompetence to reach the site of parasite infection. In this context, active chemotherapies are considered to be re-formulated by overcoming these toxic side effects via a tissue-specific targeted drug delivery system. This review mainly emphasizes the recent developments of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of NTDs especially sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis, chagas disease, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, african trypanosomiasis and dengue. Nanomaterials based drug delivery systems offer enhanced and effective alternative therapy through the re-formulation approach of conventional drugs into site-specific targeted delivery of drugs.

Extraction and Characterization of the Gum Exudate of Anacardium occidentale for its potential as an Excipient in Drug Delivery Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modupe Ologunagba ◽  
◽  
Chukwuemeka Azubuike ◽  
Silva Olanrewaju ◽  
Sanyog Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale

Role of Polymers in 3D Printing Technology for Drug Delivery - An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (42) ◽  
pp. 4979-4990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Jain ◽  
Kuldeep K. Bansal ◽  
Ankita Tiwari ◽  
Ari Rosling ◽  
Jessica M. Rosenholm
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Contour Crafting ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Background: 3D printing (3DP) is an emerging technique for fabrication of a variety of structures and complex geometries using 3D model data. In 1986, Charles Hull introduced stereolithography technique that took advances to beget new methods of 3D printing such as powder bed fusion, fused deposition modeling (FDM), inkjet printing, and contour crafting (CC). Being advantageous in terms of less waste, freedom of design and automation, 3DP has been evolved to minimize incurred cost for bulk production of customized products at the industrial outset. Due to these reasons, 3DP technology has acquired a significant position in pharmaceutical industries. Numerous polymers have been explored for manufacturing of 3DP based drug delivery systems for patient-customized medication with miniaturized dosage forms. Method: Published research articles on 3D printed based drug delivery have been thoroughly studied and the polymers used in those studies are summarized in this article. Results: We have discussed the polymers utilized to fabricate 3DP systems including their processing considerations, and challenges in fabrication of high throughput 3DP based drug delivery systems. Conclusion: Despite several advantages of 3DP in drug delivery, there are still a few issues that need to be addressed such as lower mechanical properties and anisotropic behavior, which are obstacles to scale up the technology. Polymers as a building material certainly plays crucial role in the final property of the dosage form. It is an effort to bring an assemblage of critical aspects for scientists engaged in 3DP technology to create flexible, complex and personalized dosage forms.

scholarly journals Nanocelluloses: Sources, Pretreatment, Isolations, Modification, and Its Application as the Drug Carriers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2052
Author(s):  
Valentino Bervia Lunardi ◽  
Felycia Edi Soetaredjo ◽  
Jindrayani Nyoo Putro ◽  
Shella Permatasari Santoso ◽  
Maria Yuliana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Binding ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The ‘Back-to-nature’ concept has currently been adopted intensively in various industries, especially the pharmaceutical industry. In the past few decades, the overuse of synthetic chemicals has caused severe damage to the environment and ecosystem. One class of natural materials developed to substitute artificial chemicals in the pharmaceutical industries is the natural polymers, including cellulose and its derivatives. The development of nanocelluloses as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems has reached an advanced stage. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF), nanocrystal cellulose (NCC), and bacterial nanocellulose (BC) are the most common nanocellulose used as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems. Modification and functionalization using various processes and chemicals have been carried out to increase the adsorption and drug delivery performance of nanocellulose. Nanocellulose may be attached to the drug by physical interaction or chemical functionalization for covalent drug binding. Current development of nanocarrier formulations such as surfactant nanocellulose, ultra-lightweight porous materials, hydrogel, polyelectrolytes, and inorganic hybridizations has advanced to enable the construction of stimuli-responsive and specific recognition characteristics. Thus, an opportunity has emerged to develop a new generation of nanocellulose-based carriers that can modulate the drug conveyance for diverse drug characteristics. This review provides insights into selecting appropriate nanocellulose-based hybrid materials and the available modification routes to achieve satisfactory carrier performance and briefly discusses the essential criteria to achieve high-quality nanocellulose.

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