scholarly journals Monitoring of Heavy Metals and Nitrogen Concentrations in Mosses in the Vicinity of an Integrated Iron and Steel Plant: Case Study in Czechia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8262
Author(s):  
Irena Pavlíková ◽  
Oldřich Motyka ◽  
Vítězslav Plášek ◽  
Jan Bitta
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Steel Plant ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Industrial Source

A biomonitoring study using terrestrial mosses was performed in the vicinity of an Integrated Iron and Steel plant near the Czech–Polish border. Moss samples were collected in two seasons (June, October) in order to embrace the effect of the heating season on the pollution levels. The contents of metals (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Sb and Hg) were determined using the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and contents of N, C, H via elemental analysis. The influence of the proximity of the factory, the heating season and modelled concentrations of particulate matter <10 µm (PM10) on determined concentrations of elements were studied via multivariate statistical methods using clr-transformed data. This approach led to the first-time demonstration that not only the distance from the industrial source but also the sampling season and PM10 concentrations significantly affect the elemental content in mosses; the association of the emissions from the source and the determined concentrations of elements in moss samples were more evident outside the heating season (October). The analyses of transformed data revealed the association of Fe, Cr, V, As and Al with the coarse particles and their dominant spatial distribution depending on the prevailing wind directions. The spatial distribution of Mn, Zn and Cd, which are carried by fine particles, appears to depend more on atmospheric dispersion and long-range transport, and, thus, these metals should be considered weak markers of the pollution load in the close surroundings of an industrial source.

Magnetic properties of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles

Open Physics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko Guskos ◽  
Spiros Glenis ◽  
Janusz Typek ◽  
Grzegorz Zolnierkiewicz ◽  
Pawel Berczynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Magnetic Interactions ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Znfe2o4 Nanoparticles

AbstractFine particles of ZnFe2O4 were synthesized by a wet chemical method in the (80 wt.% Fe2O3 + 20 wt.% ZnO) system. The morphological and structural properties of the mixed system were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The major phase was determined to be the ZnFe2O4 spinel with particle size of 11 nm. The magnetic properties of the material were investigated by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in the temperature range from liquid helium to room temperature. A very intense, asymmetric FMR signal from ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles was recorded, which has been analyzed in terms of two Callen-lineshape lines. Temperature dependence of the FMR parameters was obtained from fitting the experimental lines with two component lines. Analysis of the FMR spectra in terms of two separate components indicates the presence of strongly anisotropic magnetic interactions.

Low-Temperature Decomposition of Botanical and Biological Samples for Multielement Analysis by High-Frequency Induced Oxygen–Argon–Fluorine Plasma

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph T White ◽  
Christopher W Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Cool Plasma

Abstract The cool plasma asher (CPA) consists of a high-frequency generator and a quartz sample vessel equipped with a cooling finger that prevents loss of volatile elements. After sample decomposition within an O2–Ar–F plasma, the ashing residues and the elements condensed on the surface of the vessel or cooling finger are dissolved by refluxing in 1–5 mL of double-distilled acid. The sample solutions are analyzed for elemental content by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES). The recovery values for 42 elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Eu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rb, S, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Te, Ti, V, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr, La, Au, and Sc) are documented after cool plasma ashing of elemental spectrometric standards. In addition, NIST Standard Reference Materials consisting of botanical and biological samples are ashed by CPA, and results are reported for 23 elements (Al, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Se, Sr, V, and Zn) analyzed by ICP-AES. This method achieves good recoveries for many elements while allowing decomposition of difficult sample matrixes without acid, at a temperature slightly above 100°C. We investigated several ashing facilitators to improve ashing efficiency. This paper describes improved ashing conditions due to sample agitation, gas mixtures, Teflon balls, and a Teflon vessel. The time required to ash 1.0 g of botanical sample in the CPA was reduced from 80 h with no ashing aids to 3 h with maximum ashing aids. The optimum plasma ashing conditions for 1.0 g of sample was 6 h at a high-frequency power of 30 W with a 1 h acid reflux to dissolve sample ash. Because reflux acid in the final sample volume was minimal, trace elemerits were concentrated and blank contamination was extremely low.

Rapid Catalyst Capture Enables Metal-Free Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarized Contrast Agents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danila Barskiy ◽  
Lucia Ke ◽  
Xingyang Li ◽  
Vincent Stevenson ◽  
Nevin Widarman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission ◽  
Inductively Coupled

<p>Hyperpolarization techniques based on the use of parahydrogen provide orders of magnitude signal enhancement for magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. The main drawback limiting widespread applicability of parahydrogen-based techniques in biomedicine is the presence of organometallic compounds (the polarization transfer catalysts) in solution with hyperpolarized contrast agents. These catalysts are typically complexes of platinum-group metals and their administration in vivo should be avoided.</p> <p><br></p><p>Herein, we show how extraction of a hyperpolarized compound from an organic phase to an aqueous phase combined with a rapid (less than 10 seconds) Ir-based catalyst capture by metal scavenging agents can produce pure parahydrogen-based hyperpolarized contrast agents as demonstrated by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The presented methodology enables fast and efficient means of producing pure hyperpolarized aqueous solutions for biomedical and other uses.</p>

Rapid Catalyst Capture Enables Metal-Free Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarized Contrast Agents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danila Barskiy ◽  
Lucia Ke ◽  
Xingyang Li ◽  
Vincent Stevenson ◽  
Nevin Widarman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission ◽  
Inductively Coupled

<p>Hyperpolarization techniques based on the use of parahydrogen provide orders of magnitude signal enhancement for magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. The main drawback limiting widespread applicability of parahydrogen-based techniques in biomedicine is the presence of organometallic compounds (the polarization transfer catalysts) in solution with hyperpolarized contrast agents. These catalysts are typically complexes of platinum-group metals and their administration in vivo should be avoided.</p> <p><br></p><p>Herein, we show how extraction of a hyperpolarized compound from an organic phase to an aqueous phase combined with a rapid (less than 10 seconds) Ir-based catalyst capture by metal scavenging agents can produce pure parahydrogen-based hyperpolarized contrast agents as demonstrated by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The presented methodology enables fast and efficient means of producing pure hyperpolarized aqueous solutions for biomedical and other uses.</p>

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