scholarly journals Design and Performance of a XBee 900 MHz Acquisition System Aimed at Industrial Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8174
Author(s):  
Isidro Calvo ◽  
José Miguel Gil-García ◽  
Eneko Villar ◽  
Aitor Fernández ◽  
Javier Velasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Industrial Environments ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Time Critical

Wireless technologies are being introduced in industrial applications since they provide certain benefits, such as the flexibility to modify the layout of the nodes, improving connectivity with monitoring and decision nodes, adapting to mobile devices and reducing or eliminating cabling. However, companies are still reluctant to use them in time-critical applications, and consequently, more research is needed in order to be massively deployed in industrial environments. This paper goes in this direction by presenting a novel wireless acquisition system aimed at industrial applications. This system embeds a low-cost technology, such as XBee, not frequently considered for deterministic applications, for deploying industrial applications that must fulfill certain QoS requirements. The use of XBee 900 MHz modules allows for the use of the 2.4 GHz band for other purposes, such as connecting to cloud services, without causing interferences with critical applications. The system implements a time-slotted media access (TDMA) approach with a timely transmission scheduling of the messages on top of the XBee 900 MHz technology. The paper discusses the details of the acquisition system, including the topology, the nodes involved, the so-called coordinator node and smart measuring nodes, and the design of the frames. Smart measuring nodes are implemented by an original PCB which were specifically designed and manufactured. This board eases the connection of the sensors to the acquisition system. Experimental tests were carried out to validate the presented wireless acquisition system. Its applicability is shown in an industrial scenario for monitoring the positioning of an aeronautical reconfigurable tooling prototype. Both wired and wireless technologies were used to compare the variables monitored. The results proved that the followed approach may be an alternative for monitoring big machinery in indoor industrial environments, becoming especially suitable for acquiring values from sensors located in mobile parts or difficult-to-reach places.

Design and Analysis of Bicycle Helmet with Impaxx Foam Liner

2013 ◽  
Vol 706-708 ◽  
pp. 1778-1781
Author(s):  
Tso Liang Teng ◽  
Cho Chung Liang ◽  
Chien Jong Shih ◽  
Van Hai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Bicycle Helmet ◽  
Shock Absorption ◽  
Liner Material ◽  
Bicycle Helmets ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Energy Absorbing

Currently, expended polystyrene (EPS) are widely used as liner material in bicycle helmet. Due to its characteristics is excellent performance, lightweight, low cost of manufacturing. However, EPS has some disadvantage as difficulty to optimize energy absorbing in different areas of head and inferior effect of heat dissipation and a brittle characteristic. This study focuses on to find a replacement material for EPS foam to improve liner of bicycle helmet. Impaxx energy absorbing (EA) foams present strong potential in overcoming such problems of EPS foam. To make certain that all bicycle helmets reach efficiency, the helmets are required to pass shock absorption test of EN1078 standard. This study performs finite element analyses of helmet impact tests using LS-DYNA software. Simulation results indicate Impaxx foams are suitable for shock absorption test according to the EN1078 standard. Therefore these results encouraged the authors to extend the manufacturing work to cover the creating helmet design and performance experimental tests.

scholarly journals On the Design of a Diaphragm Valve for Aerostatic Bearings

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 07006
Author(s):  
Luigi Lentini ◽  
Federico Colombo ◽  
Andrea Trivella ◽  
Terenziano Raparelli ◽  
Vladimir Viktorov
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Air Bearings ◽  
Diaphragm Valve ◽  
Aerostatic Bearings ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Gap Height ◽  
Passive Compensation

Because of their almost zero friction, cleanness and long life, aerostatic bearings are commonly used in many applications where high precision of positioning is required, e.g. machine tools, measuring machines, semiconductor manufacturing and power board testing. However, air bearings suffer from low relative stiffness and poor damping. Active and passive compensation are two effective methods to enhance the static and dynamic performance of these kinds of bearings. Despite their higher performance, active compensation solutions are too expensive to be used in industrial applications, as a consequence of the costs related to their controllers, actuators and sensors. This paper presents the design and performance of a passive compensation method that exploits a diaphragm valve. Thanks to its ease of integration, satisfactory performance and relatively low cost, this method could be a valuable solution to increasing the stiffness of aerostatic bearings. This work provides a procedure to design diaphragm valves depending on the type of the integrated pad and the desired nominal air gap height. Results demonstrate that, once correctly designed, the diaphragm valve makes it possible to obtain bearings with quasi-static infinite stiffness at the selected air gap height.

scholarly journals Design and Performance of an Elbow Assisting Mechanism

Machines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Giacomo Zuccon ◽  
Matteo Bottin ◽  
Marco Ceccarelli ◽  
Giulio Rosati
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Parallel Mechanism ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Assisting Device ◽  
And Performance

An elbow assisting device is presented as based on a cable-driven parallel mechanism with design solutions that are improvements from a previous original design. The new mechanism, ideal for domestic use, both for therapies and exercises, is characterized by low-cost, portable, easy-to-use features that are evaluated through numerical simulations and experimental tests whose results are reported with discussions.

Modelling and Evaluation of the Friction in Robotic Joints Considering Thermal Effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Legnani ◽  
Giovanni Incerti ◽  
Roberto Pagani ◽  
Matteo Gheza
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Friction Torque ◽  
Working Cycle ◽  
Robotic Joints ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Abstract The paper presents a second order friction model for the joints of industrial robot manipulators that takes into account temperature effects. A solution based on a polynomial description of the friction is proposed. The theoretical analysis and the experimental measurements have shown that friction decreases with increasing temperature, which in turn depends on the working cycle of the manipulator. The mathematical model here proposed allows to foresee the friction variation during extensive working cycles and it does not require the use of a transducer for the measurement of the joint internal temperature; therefore it is well suitable for low-cost industrial applications, to improve the control performance or to predict the energy consumption. Experimental tests performed on a commercial 6 DOF manipulator show that the model is effective in estimating the joint temperature and the friction torque during the robot operations.

scholarly journals Pervasive Radio Mapping of Industrial Environments Using a Virtual Reality Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Adrian-Valentin Nedelcu ◽  
Mihai Machedon-Pisu ◽  
Mihai Duguleana ◽  
Doru Talaba
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Electromagnetic Propagation ◽  
Industrial Environments ◽  
And Performance

Wireless communications in industrial environments are seriously affected by reliability and performance issues, due to the multipath nature of obstacles within such environments. Special attention needs to be given to planning a wireless industrial network, so as to find the optimum spatial position for each of the nodes within the network, and especially for key nodes such as gateways or cluster heads. The aim of this paper is to present a pervasive radio mapping system which captures (senses) data regarding the radio spectrum, using low-cost wireless sensor nodes. This data is the input of radio mapping algorithms that generate electromagnetic propagation profiles. Such profiles are used for identifying obstacles within the environment and optimum propagation pathways. With the purpose of further optimizing the radio planning process, the authors propose a novel human-network interaction (HNI) paradigm that uses 3D virtual environments in order to display the radio maps in a natural, easy-to-perceive manner. The results of this approach illustrate its added value to the field of radio resource planning of industrial communication systems.

scholarly journals UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION USING THERMOCOUPLE AND ARDUINO® COMPATIBLE HARDWARE

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
L. R. R. Da Silva ◽  
J. R. Ferreira-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Uncertainty Assessment ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Uncertainty Calculation ◽  
High Measurement ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Low Costs

Temperature is a critical aspect in the control of processes in engineering. The measurement, however, must take into account not only the accuracy of the sensor but also the implementation costs and uncertainty. Thermocouples are one of the most widely used temperature measurement methods combining low costs, high measurement ranges, and relatively good accuracy. The acquisition system, however, is usually expensive. This paper evaluated the uncertainty in the temperature measurements of a K-type thermocouple using low cost Arduino® compatible hardware as a data acquisition system. This set was calibrated using a thermostatic distilled water bath at both freezing and boiling phase change points. The equations for uncertainty calculation were fully developed, and the procedures described serve as a reference for uncertainty assessment for thermocouples with other data acquisition systems. Although the calibration was the most significant contributor, the low variability of measurements shows the system has good stability and is a fine choice for industrial applications. The calculations are easy to implement as a routine for several measurements and guarantee results up to the international reference standard.

Evaluation and Modeling of the Friction in Robotic Joints Considering Thermal Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Pagani ◽  
Giovanni Legnani ◽  
Giovanni Incerti ◽  
Matteo Gheza
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Friction Torque ◽  
Working Cycle ◽  
Robotic Joints ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract The paper presents a second-order friction model for the joints of industrial robot manipulators that takes into account temperature effects. A solution based on a polynomial description of the friction is proposed. The theoretical analysis and the experimental measurements have shown that friction decreases with increasing temperature, which in turn depends on the working cycle of the manipulator. The mathematical model here proposed allows to foresee the friction variation during extensive working cycles and it does not require the use of a transducer for the measurement of the joint internal temperature; therefore it is well suitable for low-cost industrial applications, to improve the control performance or to predict the energy consumption. Experimental tests performed on a commercial six degrees-of-freedom (6 DOF) manipulator show that the model is effective in estimating the joint temperature and the friction torque during the robot operations.

Development and Performance Evaluation of a Novel Translational Tuned Mass Damper

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 53-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shamim Miah ◽  
Md. Jihad Miah ◽  
Md. Ashik Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Tuned Mass Damper ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Mass Damper ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Modal Mass ◽  
Two Degree Of Freedom

The structures are prone to dynamic loads such as earthquake as they often generate uncomfortable movement into existing structures. In order to reduce extreme vibration generated by dynamic or operational loads passive, active or hybrid controlling devices are used. And the advantages of passive systems are well accepted due to their inexpensiveness and simplicity. This study investigates the performance of a newly developed uniaxial tuned mass damper (TMD). The novelty of the developed device is that the properties of the damper are adjustable based on the structural requirements. And most importantly, another key design criterion is to make a low-cost affordable device. To do this end, a toy two degree of freedom (2-DOF) system is considered and the experiments are conducted. The experimental tests and numerical simulations are carried out on the structure without and with TMD along with extra masses of 25 kg, 30 kg and 35 kg on the floors to observe the effect of floor mass changes. The scaled El Centro 1940 earthquake data is used as input excitation. In order to determine the optimal performance of the damper, it is tuned to modal mass of 0% (i.e., without TMD), 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 17.5%. The experimental results have shown that the structure without TMD has pronounced vibration (i.e., displacement) as compared to the structure with TMD. As the percentage of modal mass increases, the vibration of the structure decreases. It is observed that up to 12.5% of modal mass for both 20 and 25 sec excitation duration could be the optimum amount that minimizes the vibration of the structure. The overall performance of this device is capable of reducing vibration in a reasonable manner and has the possibility to use it for the real engineering application.

Resource Allocation in Cloud using Multi Bidding Model with User Centric Behavior Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1008-1019
Author(s):  
N. Vijayaraj ◽  
T. Senthil Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Online Auction ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
User Centric ◽  
Cloud Resources

Background: Number of resource allocation and bidding schemes had been enormously arrived for on demand supply scheme of cloud services. But accessing and presenting the Cloud services depending on the reputation would not produce fair result in cloud computing. Since the cloud users not only looking for the efficient services but in major they look towards the cost. So here there is a way of introducing the bidding option system that includes efficient user centric behavior analysis model to render the cloud services and resource allocation with low cost. Objective: The allocation of resources is not flexible and dynamic for the users in the recent days. This gave me the key idea and generated as a problem statement for my proposed work. Methods: An online auction framework that ensures multi bidding mechanism which utilizes user centric behavioral analysis to produce the efficient and reliable usage of cloud resources according to the user choice. Results: we implement Efficient Resource Allocation using Multi Bidding Model with User Centric Behavior Analysis. Thus the algorithm is implemented and system is designed in such a way to provide better allocation of cloud resources which ensures bidding and user behavior. Conclusion: Thus the algorithm Efficient Resource Allocation using Multi Bidding Model with User Centric Behavior Analysis is implemented & system is designed in such a way to provide better allocation of cloud resources which ensures bidding, user behavior. The user bid data is trained accordingly such that to produce efficient resource utilization. Further the work can be taken towards data analytics and prediction of user behavior while allocating the cloud resources.

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