scholarly journals Shared Mobility Problems: A Systematic Review on Types, Variants, Characteristics, and Solution Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7996
Author(s):  
Kien Hua Ting ◽  
Lai Soon Lee ◽  
Stefan Pickl ◽  
and Hsin-Vonn Seow
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Shared Mobility ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Citation Databases

The Shared Mobility Problems (SMP) with the rideshare concept based on sharing a vehicle are fast becoming a trend in many urban cities around the world. Examples of these problems are like ridesharing, carpooling, taxisharing, buspooling, vanpooling, and multi-modal ridesharing. This is the new way to access transportation services by those who are propelling the sharing economy, where access rather than ownership is the new norm. This paper provides a systematic review of SMP using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) method. A total of 110 papers from the last decade are selected from 12 abstracts and citation databases to be reviewed and classified. This is done based on the problem types, variants, characteristics, and solution approaches. The current trends and analysis of the survey findings are also summarised. From this systematic review, it is observed that both the time window and multi-objective problems are popular among the researchers, while the minimisation of the total cost is the main concern in the literature of the SMP. Both static and dynamic cases of the SMP are the most researched where heuristic and metaheuristic approaches are widely adopted by the researchers in the literature. Finally, challenges and suggestions for future work are discussed and highlighted.

671 Update of a systematic review and meta-analysis studying the association between antibiotic use and clinical outcomes of non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A708-A708
Author(s):  
Pierre-Alain Bandinelli ◽  
Julie Cervesi ◽  
Clément Le Bescop ◽  
Renaud Buffet ◽  
Jean De Gunzburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Hazard Ratios

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been shown to improve patients‘ clinical outcomes in a variety of cancers, but with variable efficacy. Prior research has also suggested that systemic antibiotic (ABX) exposure may impact the intestinal microbiota and result in suboptimal ICI treatment outcomes. Our team published a systematic review and meta-analysis showing that ABX use could indeed decrease the survival of patients diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and treated with ICIs.1 The present abstract aims at updating this meta-analysis by incorporating new studies that have been published in the period ranging from September 2019 to August 2020.MethodsMedline (through PubMed), the Cochrane Library and major oncology conferences proceedings were systematically searched to identify studies assessing the impact of ABX use on the clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients treated with ICIs. Studies were found eligible for inclusion when they mentioned a hazard ratio (HR) or Kaplan–Meier curves for overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) based on antibiotic exposure. Pooled HRs for OS and PFS and HRs for OS and PFS according to different time windows for ABX exposure were calculated.Results6 eligible new studies were identified between September 2019 and August 2020 while 3 other studies were updated with new information. Altogether, 27 studies reported data for OS (6,436 patients, 826 of whom coming from new studies) and 24 for PFS (3,751 patients, 786 of whom coming from new studies). The pooled HR was 1.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38–2.23) for OS and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.28–1.92) for PFS, confirming a significantly reduced survival in patients with NSCLC exposed to ABX. The detailed analysis in subgroups based on the time window of exposure (figure 1, figure 2) suggests that the deleterious effect of ABX is stronger when the exposition happens shortly before and after the initiation of the ICI treatment.Abstract 671 Figure 1Forest plot of hazard ratios for overall survival of patients diagnosed with NSCLC and exposed to antibiotics versus not exposed to antibiotics, according to the time window of antibiotic exposureAbstract 671 Figure 2Forest plot of hazard ratios for progression-free survival of patients diagnosed with NSCLC and exposed to antibiotics versus not exposed to antibiotics, according to the time window of antibiotic exposureConclusionsThe update of the meta-analysis confirms the previously reported deleterious effect of ABX on ICI treatment outcomes, taking into account the latest publications in the field. The topic deserves further research to uncover if the effect will stand with 1st line use of ICI together with chemotherapies and/or other approved combinations, elucidate the mechanisms at stake and improve care of patients.ReferencesLurienne L, Cervesi J, Duhalde L, de Gunzburg J, Andremont A, Zalcman G, et al. NSCLC immunotherapy efficacy and antibiotic use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Oncol 2020;15:1147–1159.

scholarly journals Services and Interventions for People who are Homeless with Companion Animals (Pets)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Laura McCosker ◽  
Martin J. Downes ◽  
Annick Maujean ◽  
Natalie Hill
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

Background Many people who are homeless own a companion animal (a ‘pet’). Pet ownership has positive impacts on health and wellbeing. However, for people who are homeless, pet ownership also creates multiple challenges and may be a barrier to exiting homelessness. This systematic review will identify the types, and outcomes, of services and interventions to support people who are homeless with pets. Methods This review will be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches will be undertaken on five databases. Combinations of search terms and subject headings or index terms will be used. Citation chaining and citation tracking will also be undertaken. Literature will be screened for relevance in a two-step process. Each study will be quality assessed using an evidence-based tool relevant to its methods. Relevant data will be extracted and synthesised using a meta-analytic, or narrative, approach. Discussion This review will address an identified gap in the knowledge about the types, and outcomes, of services/interventions for people who are homeless with pets. The results may increase recognition about the importance of protecting and promoting the relationship between people who are homeless and their pets, and inform future work.

scholarly journals Predictive markers for the early prognosis of dengue severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0009808
Author(s):  
Tran Quang Thach ◽  
Heba Gamal Eisa ◽  
AlMotsim Ben Hmeda ◽  
Hazem Faraj ◽  
Tieu Minh Thuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Predictive Markers ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Fever Onset

Background Predictive markers represent a solution for the proactive management of severe dengue. Despite the low mortality rate resulting from severe cases, dengue requires constant examination and round-the-clock nursing care due to the unpredictable progression of complications, posing a burden on clinical triage and material resources. Accordingly, identifying markers that allow for predicting disease prognosis from the initial diagnosis is needed. Given the improved pathogenesis understanding, myriad candidates have been proposed to be associated with severe dengue progression. Thus, we aim to review the relationship between the available biomarkers and severe dengue. Methodology We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the differences in host data collected within 72 hours of fever onset amongst the different disease severity levels. We searched nine bibliographic databases without restrictive criteria of language and publication date. We assessed risk of bias and graded robustness of evidence using NHLBI quality assessments and GRADE, respectively. This study protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018104495). Principal findings Of 4000 records found, 40 studies for qualitative synthesis, 19 for meta-analysis. We identified 108 host and viral markers collected within 72 hours of fever onset from 6160 laboratory-confirmed dengue cases, including hematopoietic parameters, biochemical substances, clinical symptoms, immune mediators, viral particles, and host genes. Overall, inconsistent case classifications explained substantial heterogeneity, and meta-analyses lacked statistical power. Still, moderate-certainty evidence indicated significantly lower platelet counts (SMD -0.65, 95% CI -0.97 to -0.32) and higher AST levels (SMD 0.87, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.38) in severe cases when compared to non-severe dengue during this time window. Conclusion The findings suggest that alterations of platelet count and AST level—in the first 72 hours of fever onset—are independent markers predicting the development of severe dengue.

scholarly journals Non-Surgical Management of Malignant Bowel Obstruction in Advanced Ovarian Cancer patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 104990912110430
Author(s):  
Praveena Idaikkadar ◽  
Athina Georgiou ◽  
Simon Skene ◽  
Agnieszka Michael
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Advanced Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Malignant Bowel Obstruction

Background: Malignant bowel obstruction is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Many patients aren’t suitable for, or decline, surgical decompression. The outcomes for this frail group of patients are not well characterized. Aim: To evaluate survival outcomes of ovarian cancer patients who undergo non-surgical management of malignant bowel obstruction. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Sources: Online literature search of Pubmed, Embase and Medline libraries up until December 2020. Searching abstracts of scientific meetings, reference lists of included studies and contacting experts in the field. Selection Criteria: Studies that investigated non-surgical management of confirmed bowel obstruction in advanced ovarian cancer patients were included. All levels of evidence including RCTs, cohort studies and case-series if they included greater than 5 patients. Data Collection and Analysis: The studies were independently chosen by two reviewers who extracted and analyzed the data separately through OpenMeta Analyst software. Study quality was assessed using the JADAD score and the Newcastle Ottawa Score. Results: 24 studies met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review and 9 for the meta-analysis. Median survival of patients managed non-surgically for bowel obstruction was 44 days (95% CI 38-49 days, I 2 = 0%, P = 0.128). Conclusion: The quality of studies was relatively low, however the evidence shows that non-surgical management of bowel obstruction results in a short life expectancy but with controlled symptoms. Where quality of life is the main concern, this may be a feasible and effective strategy.

The effects of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on biomarkers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Wei ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Liyong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Long Chain

The purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if low-ratio n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation affects serum inflammation markers based on current studies.

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