scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Ventilation Resistance Characteristics of Paddy Grain Layer Modelled with Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7826
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
Chongyang Han ◽  
Weibin Wu ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Zhiheng Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Flow Through

The ventilation resistance of air flow through rice grain layers is one of the key parameters affecting drying uniformity as well as the energy consumption of the drying process. In order to reveal the variation of characteristics of the ventilation resistance with paddy grain moisture content, the air velocity and the bed layer depth are needed. A second order model was fitted to pressure drop using the response surface methodology and the results are compared with those of the Ergun model. The results showed that the pressure drop increases with the increase of paddy grain moisture content, air velocity and the bed layer depth, and the interactions between the air velocity and the bed layer depth have the most significant influence on the pressure drop. Moreover, a second-order polynomial pressure drop model based on RSM was established and compared with the Ergun model. The results showed that the pressure drop model established by RSM is similar to that of the Ergun model.

scholarly journals Optimization of Foam-Mat Drying Process of Watermelon Pulp Using Response Surface Methodology

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
J. Isa ◽  
A. P. Olalusi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Moisture Content Level ◽  
Egg Albumen

Introduction: Foam mat drying involves the change of agricultural material from a high moisture content level to a stable foam which is achieved by moisture reduction mechanism. Aim: In this study, foam-mat drying process of watermelon was optimized using response surface methodology. Foaming conditions (carboxyl methyl cellulose and egg albumen) and the drying system parameters (air velocity and air temperature) were optimized using response surface methodology. Methodology: To evaluate the drying behaviour, the drying experiment was designed using design expert software using a central composite design setting variable of drying temperature (60°C – 80°C), air velocity (0.5 m/s – 2 m/s), carboxyl methyl cellulose (0.5% - 2.5%), egg albumen (5% - 15%). Twenty-two runs of the experiment were performed using different levels of variables combinations. Based on the statistical tests performed, the best model that described each response was selected using a polynomial analysis. Results: The optimum values for the drying conditions were: 77.42OC, 0.5m/s, 0.5% and 5% for temperature, air velocity, carboxyl methylcellulose and egg albumen respectively and the optimum values for the drying characteristics were: 25.07 KJ/mol, 1.7345E-10 m2/s, 29.019% (wet-basis). 0.742 g/cm3 and 540 minutes (approximately 9hrs) for activation energy, effective diffusivity, moisture content, foam density and the drying time respectively. Conclusion: The study of the foam-mat drying of watermelon pulp revealed that the inlet temperature, air velocity, CMC and egg albumen has a significant effect on its drying characteristics.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF LEVOFLOXACIN REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-217
Author(s):  
Mohammed & Mohammed-Ridha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Good Agreement

This study was aimed to investigate the response surface methodology (RSM) to evaluate the effects of various experimental conditions on the removal of levofloxacin (LVX) from the aqueous solution by means of electrocoagulation (EC) technique with stainless steel electrodes. The EC process was achieved successfully with the efficiency of LVX removal of 90%. The results obtained from the regression analysis, showed that the data of experiential are better fitted to the polynomial model of second-order with the predicted correlation coefficient (pred. R2) of 0.723, adjusted correlation coefficient (Adj. R2) of 0.907 and correlation coefficient values (R2) of 0.952. This shows that the predicted models and experimental values are in good agreement. The results of the kinetic study showed that the second-order kinetic model was in good agreement with the experimental results and suggested that the mechanism of chemisorption controlled the LVX adsorption. The experimental results indicated that the adsorption of LVX on iron hydroxide flocs follows Sips isotherm with the value of the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.937. Sips isotherm shows that both homogenous and heterogeneous adsorption can occur.

scholarly journals RF signal calibration for improvement of 3D mapping image to locate moisture distribution in rice silo

2021 ◽  
Vol 2107 (1) ◽  
pp. 012059
Author(s):  
A A Almaleeh ◽  
A Zakaria ◽  
M H F Rahiman ◽  
Y B Abdul Rahim ◽  
L Munirah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Assurance Process ◽  
Rf Signal

Abstract Grain storage is an important part of the post-harvest quality assurance process. The moisture level of the grains during storage is one of the primary problems. The current method of measuring rice grain moisture content is based on random sampling, which is relatively localised, and there is no real-time moisture content measurement available. The RF signal was used to build a new technique for detecting moisture and its presence in rice in real-time in this paper. The mapping of an RF signal, in particular, can be transformed into volumetric tomographic images that can be used to forecast moisture distribution.

scholarly journals Pelletization of Sunflower Seed Husks: Evaluating and Optimizing Energy Consumption and Physical Properties by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuyang Cui ◽  
Junhong Yang ◽  
Xinyu Shi ◽  
Wanning Lei ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Seed Husk

Pelletization is a significant approach for the efficient utilization of biomass energy. Sunflower seed husk is a common solid waste in the process of oil production. The novelty of this study was to determine the parameters during production of a novel pellet made from sunflower seed husk. The energy consumption (W) and physical properties (bulk density (BD) and mechanical durability (DU)) of the novel pellet were evaluated and optimized at the laboratory by using a pelletizer and response surface methodology (RSM) under a controlled moisture content (4%–14%), compression pressure (100–200 MPa), and die temperature (70–170 °C). The results show that the variables of temperature, pressure, and moisture content of raw material are positively correlated with BD and DU. Increasing the temperature and moisture content of raw materials can effectively reduce W, while increasing the pressure has an adverse effect on W. The optimum conditions of temperature (150 °C), pressure (180 MPa), and moisture content (12%) led to a BD of 1117.44 kg/m3, DU of 98.8%, and W of 25.3 kJ/kg in the lab. Overall, although the nitrogen content was slightly high, the novel manufactured pellets had excellent performance based on ISO 17225 (International Organization for Standardization of 17225, Geneva, Switzerland, 2016). Thus, sunflower seed husk could be considered as a potential feedstock for biomass pelletization.

scholarly journals Kinetics and Optimization by Response Surface Methodology of Aerobic Bioremediation. Geoelectrical Parameter Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Maria Raffa ◽  
Fulvia Chiampo ◽  
Alberto Godio ◽  
Andrea Vergnano ◽  
Francesca Bosco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Coaxial Cable ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Aerobic Bioremediation

This study aimed to investigate the kinetics of an aerobic bioremediation process of diesel oil removal by indigenous microorganisms, and to define the optimal operative conditions by means of response surface methodology. This was carried out by setting up a series of microcosms (200 g of soil), polluted with the same diesel oil concentration (70 g·kg−1 of soil), but with different water contents (u%) and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios. The process was monitored by: (1) residual diesel oil concentration, to measure the removal efficiency, and (2) fluorescein production, to check the microbial activity. These two parameters were the objective variables used for the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface methodology (RSM). The results allowed the interactions between u% and C/N to be defined and the optimal range to be adopted for each. The process kinetics was modeled with first- and second-order reaction rates; slightly better results were achieved for the second-order model in terms of parameter variability. Biological processes like degradation may have effects on dielectric properties of soil; an open-ended coaxial cable was used to measure the dielectric permittivity of microcosm matrices at the start and after 130 days of bioremediation. The evolution of the real and the imaginary components of dielectric permittivity provided results that supported the evidence of a biodegradation process in progress.

A Thermomechanical Preprocessing for Pectin Isolation from Orange Peel with Optimisation by Response Surface Methodology

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sid-Ahmed Rezzoug ◽  
Zoulikha Maache-Rezzoug ◽  
Frédéric Sannier ◽  
Karim Allaf
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Pre Treatment

The instantaneous controlled pressure drop process (or D.I.C process: ``Détente Instantanée Contrôlée") was used as a pre-treatment prior to pectin acid extraction from orange peel. This process involves subjecting the orange peel for a short time to steam pressure varying from 100 to 700 kPa, followed by an instantaneous decompression to vacuum at 5 kPa. Effects of processing pressure, moisture content of peels before the thermomechanical treatment and processing time were examined with response surface methodology. The optimal conditions were determined and the response surfaces were plotted from the mathematical models. The Fisher test and p-value indicated that both processing pressure and moisture content of peels before the pre-treatment had a highly significant effect on the pectin yield. The quadratic effect of processing pressure as well as the interaction effects of the initial moisture content and processing time also had a significant effect on the response. Moreover, the kinetics of pectin extraction showed that after few minutes of hydrolysis, the yields of pectin were systematically higher than that of the control sample and this is important from industrial point of view because the hydrolysis of pectin is generally performed in 10-15 minutes.

scholarly journals Optimization of pyrocatechol violet biosorption by Robinia pseudoacacia leaf powder using response surface methodology: kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Khorshidi ◽  
Ali Niazi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Pyrocatechol Violet ◽  
Full Factorial

We have investigated the biosorption of pyrocatechol violet (PCV) from aqueous solutions by Robinia pseudoacacia tree leaves as a low-cost and eco-friendly biosorbent. A full factorial design was performed for screening the main variables and their interactions, which reduces the large total number of experiments. Results of the full factorial design (24) based on an analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that the initial PCV concentration, contact time, pH and temperature are statistically significant. Box-Behnken design, a response surface methodology, was used for further optimization of these selected factors. The ANOVA and some statistical tests such as lack-of-fit and coefficient of determination (R2) showed good fit of the experimental data to the second-order polynomial model. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium isotherms. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 > 0.97). In addition, thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) were calculated, these parameters show that the biosorption process was spontaneous (ΔG° = −2.423) and exothermic (ΔH° = −9.67). The biosorption kinetic data were fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.999). These results confirm that R. pseudoacacia leaves have good potential for removal of PCV from aqueous solution.

Extraction of Flavonoids from Clovers

2012 ◽  
Vol 195-196 ◽  
pp. 360-363
Author(s):  
Chun Gang Chen ◽  
Fen Xia Han ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Central Composite

The extraction of flavonoids from clovers was optimized to maximize flavonoid yield Y in this study. A central composite design of response surface methodology involving extracting time, liquid-solid ratio, extracting temperature and ethanol concentration was used, and second-order model for Y was employed to generate the response surfaces. The optimum condition for Y was determined as follows: extracting time 24min, liquid-solid ratio 20, extracting temperature 80°C, and ethanol concentration 72%. Under the optimum condition, the flavonoid yield was 2.49%.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Prototype Mesin Pengering Gabah Otomatis Menggunakan Metode PID sebagai Kendali Temperatur

Jurnal INFORM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Akhmad Fahruzi ◽  
Ricky Rhamdany
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Grain Drying ◽  
Driver Circuit ◽  
Thermocouple Temperature

The value of rice grain content after harvest is quite high, around 20-23% in the dry season, and around 24-27% in the wet season. It was drying grain after harvest was processed by the conventional or manual method that carried out the grain drying in the sun. This method has several disadvantages, such as the dependence on the weather, requires a large area, and 54 hours for drying so that the grain becomes dry with a moisture content of 14.12%. From this problem, the researchers made a grain drying machine that could work automatically. The drying machine is made to solve the issues of conventional grain drying so that the machine was completed with a K type thermocouple temperature sensor and grain moisture content. Whereas the heating media uses a fire that is fueled with LPG gas, and then the heat from the fire has flowed into the furnace or grain drying chamber. The heating arrangement was made by regulating of flowing LPG gas to the nozzle through the opened and closed variable valve where the valve shaft was connected to the DC motor shaft. The application of the PID method also used in this drying machine, which has a purpose while controlling the drying temperature to match the Set Value (SV) or the desired temperature at 38oC. The grain moisture content value is considered to have dried up when the grain moisture content value is 14%. The PID method that is implanted into the ATmega16 microcontroller will give a signal to the motor driver circuit to regulate the direction of rotation of the DC motor connected to the opened and closed valve variable. PID method testing was done by trial error and has produced a steady-state error of 5.2% at S0056=38oC with constant values Kp=2, Ki=2, and Kd=10. Whereas for drying grain testing on harvested is done by selecting Ciherang grain with a moisture content of 20% and a weight of 3 kg. The grain drying process takes 30 minutes so that the value of the water content becomes 14% with a drying temperature of 38oC, so the grain drying rate on this machine is 0.17% per minute.

scholarly journals A Grain Yield Sensor for Yield Mapping with Local Rice Combine Harvester

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Chaiyan Sirikun ◽  
Grianggai Samseemoung ◽  
Peeyush Soni ◽  
Jaturong Langkapin ◽  
Jakkree Srinonchat
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Yield Monitoring

Rice grain yield was estimated from a locally made Thai combine harvester using a specially developed sensing and monitoring system. The yield monitoring and sensing system, mounted on the rice combine harvester, collected and logged grain mass flow rate and moisture content, as well as pertinent information related to field, position and navigation. The developed system comprised a yield meter, GNSS receiver and a computer installed with customized software, which, when assembled on a local rice combine, mapped real-time rice yield along with grain moisture content. The performance of the developed system was evaluated at three neighboring (identically managed) rice fields. ArcGIS® software was used to create grain yield map with geographical information of the fields. The average grain yield values recorded were 3.63, 3.84 and 3.60 t ha−1, and grain moisture contents (w.b.) were 22.42%, 23.50% and 24.71% from the three fields, respectively. Overall average grain yield was 3.84 t ha−1 (CV = 63.68%) with 578.10 and 7761.58 kg ha−1 as the minimum and maximum values, respectively. The coefficients of variation in grain yield of the three fields were 57.44%, 63.68% and 60.41%, respectively. The system performance was evaluated at four different cutter bar heights (0.18, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.40 m) during the test. As expected, the tallest cutter bar height (0.40 m) offered the least error of 12.50% in yield estimation. The results confirmed that the developed grain yield sensor could be successfully used with the local rice combine harvester; hence, offers and ‘up-gradation’ potential in Thai agricultural mechanization.

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