scholarly journals A Hazard Analysis Approach for the SOTIF in Intelligent Railway Driving Assistance Systems Using STPA and Complex Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7714
Author(s):  
Shijie Zhang ◽  
Tao Tang ◽  
Jintao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Hazard Control ◽  
Driving Assistance ◽  
Train Operation ◽  
Factor Evaluation ◽  
Onboard System

The Intelligent Railway Driving Assistance System (IRDAS) is a novel kind of onboard system that relies on its own situational awareness function to ensure the safety and efficiency of train driving. In such systems, the use of situational awareness brings about a new fault-free safety problem, i.e., the safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF). It is essential to analyze the SOTIF-related hazardous factors for ensuring a safe train operation. In this paper, a hazard analysis approach is proposed to capture and evaluate SOTIF-related hazardous factors of IRDAS. This approach consists of an extended STPA-based hazardous factor identification part and a complex network-based hazardous factor evaluation part. In the first part, an extended control structure of STPA is designed for the modeling of the situational awareness process, followed by a new classification of SOTIF-related causal scenarios to assist the identification of causal scenarios. In the second part, a modeling method for heterogeneous complex networks and some customized topological indexes are proposed to evaluate the hazardous factors identified in the STPA causal analysis. The outcomes of the approach can help develop targeted hazard control strategies. The proposed approach has been applied to a new IRDAS operating in Tsuen Wan Line of Hong Kong MTR. The result shows that the approach is effective for the analysis of hazardous factors and is helpful for the formulation of hazard control strategies.

The application of quality tools in effective implementation of HACCP

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1920-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjeet Kharub ◽  
Shah Limon ◽  
Rajiv Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Safety System ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hazard Control ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Quality Tools

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the quality tool’s impact on the effectiveness of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)-based food safety system and correlation studies between HACCP effectiveness and business performance in food and pharmaceutical industries. Design/methodology/approach A total of 116 survey responses of prominent food and pharmaceutical firms are used to fulfil the aim of this study. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was applied to classify quality tools into a finite number of groups. Further, multiple regression methods are employed to investigate the correlation between HACCP effectiveness and firm’s performance indicators. Findings Quality tools are classified into three categories on the basis of their application by using the PCA method: quality tools for hazard identification, quality tools for hazard analysis (QTHA) and quality tools for hazard control. The regression analysis revealed that QTHA has a substantial impact on HACCP objectives (hazard identification, hazard assessment and hazard control). Additionally, the results suggest that the successful implementation of HACCP-based food safety system also delivers a direct influence on the operational and financial performance of the food and pharmaceutical industries. Originality/value This paper contributes to the existing body of HACCP knowledge by providing a framework supported by an empirical case study. The case study clustered quality tools into three broad categories related to their application of a HACCP project. Study results can guide and motivate managers to use quality tools with the aim of successful implantation of the HACCP-based food safety system, especially in food and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Assessing the features of extreme smog in China and the differentiated treatment strategy

2018 ◽  
Vol 474 (2209) ◽  
pp. 20170511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Deng ◽  
Zhengjun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Return Level ◽  
Extreme Value Analysis ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
And Control ◽  
Parameter Values

Extreme smog can have potentially harmful effects on human health, the economy and daily life. However, the average (mean) values do not provide strategically useful information on the hazard analysis and control of extreme smog. This article investigates China's smog extremes by applying extreme value analysis to hourly PM2.5 data from 2014 to 2016 obtained from monitoring stations across China. By fitting a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution to exceedances over a station-specific extreme smog level at each monitoring location, all study stations are grouped into eight different categories based on the estimated mean and shape parameter values of fitted GEV distributions. The extreme features characterized by the mean of the fitted extreme value distribution, the maximum frequency and the tail index of extreme smog at each location are analysed. These features can provide useful information for central/local government to conduct differentiated treatments in cities within different categories and conduct similar prevention goals and control strategies among those cities belonging to the same category in a range of areas. Furthermore, hazardous hours, breaking probability and the 1-year return level of each station are demonstrated by category, based on which the future control and reduction targets of extreme smog are proposed for the cities of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei as an example.

scholarly journals What Do You Mean Your Staff Is Like Family?

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Cranston
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Teacher Behaviour ◽  
Adult Relationships ◽  
Staff Relations ◽  
Insight Into

This article explores the potential for critical discourse analysis to provide insight into the language principals use to describe the adult relationships within schools. Unpacking the discourses of leadership may shed some light on how language strategically shapes the thoughts and actions of principals. In particular, the invoking of “family” to conceptualize staff relations is analyzed from a critical discourse analysis approach. Drawing on this analysis, the author offers cautions regarding how such poignant metaphors can serve as control strategies for sanctioning teacher behaviour.

scholarly journals The data conundrum: compression of automotive imaging data and deep neural network based perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Pak Hung Chan ◽  
Georgina Souvalioti ◽  
Anthony Huggett ◽  
Graham Kirsch ◽  
Valentina Donzella
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Video Compression ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Compressed Video ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Perception System ◽  
Driving Assistance

Video compression in automated vehicles and advanced driving assistance systems is of utmost importance to deal with the challenge of transmitting and processing the vast amount of video data generated per second by the sensor suite which is needed to support robust situational awareness. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that video compression can be optimised based on the perception system that will utilise the data. We have considered the deployment of deep neural networks to implement object (i.e. vehicle) detection based on compressed video camera data extracted from the KITTI MoSeg dataset. Preliminary results indicate that re-training the neural network with M-JPEG compressed videos can improve the detection performance with compressed and uncompressed transmitted data, improving recalls and precision by up to 4% with respect to re-training with uncompressed data.

scholarly journals High-Pressure Hydrogen Sulfide Experiments: How Did Our Safety Measures and Hazard Control Work during a Failure Event?

Safety ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode I. Adeniyi ◽  
Herman H. Wan ◽  
Connor E. Deering ◽  
Francis Bernard ◽  
Molly A. Chisholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Hazard Control ◽  
Failure Event ◽  
Ring Seal ◽  
Control Work

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a hazardous, colorless, flammable gas with a distinct rotten-egg smell at low concentration. Exposure to a concentration greater than 500 ppm of H2S can result in irreversible health problems and death within minutes. Because of these hazards, operations such as oil and gas processing and sewage treatment that handle or produce H2S and/or sour gas require effective and well-designed hazard controls, as well as state-of-the-art gas monitoring/detection mechanisms for the safety of workers and the public. Laboratories studying H2S for improved understanding must also develop and continually improve upon lab-specific safety standards with unique detection systems. In this study, we discuss various H2S detection methods and hazard control strategies. Also, we share our experience regarding a leak that occurred as a result of the failure of a perfluoroelastomer O-ring seal on a small stirred autoclave vessel used for studying H2S hydrate dissociation/formation conditions in our laboratory, and discuss how our emergency response plan was activated to mitigate the risk of exposure to the researchers and public.

scholarly journals Behaviours and attitudes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from a cross-national Facebook survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Perrotta ◽  
André Grow ◽  
Francesco Rampazzo ◽  
Jorge Cimentada ◽  
Emanuele Del Fava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survey Respondent ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Background In the absence of medical treatment and vaccination, individual behaviours are key to curbing the spread of COVID-19. Here we describe efforts to collect attitudinal and behavioural data and disseminate insights to increase situational awareness and inform interventions. Methods We developed a rapid data collection and monitoring system based on a cross-national online survey, the “COVID-19 Health Behavior Survey”. Respondent recruitment occurred via targeted Facebook advertisements in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We investigated how the threat perceptions of COVID-19, the confidence in the preparedness of organisations to deal with the pandemic, and the adoption of preventive and social distancing behaviours are associated with respondents’ demographic characteristics. Results We analysed 71,612 questionnaires collected between March 13-April 19, 2020. We found substantial spatio-temporal heterogeneity across countries at different stages of the pandemic and with different control strategies in place. Respondents rapidly adopted the use of face masks when they were not yet mandatory. We observed a clear pattern in threat perceptions, sharply increasing from a personal level to national and global levels. Although personal threat perceptions were comparatively low, all respondents significantly increased hand hygiene. We found gender-specific patterns: women showed higher threat perceptions, lower confidence in the healthcare system, and were more likely to adopt preventive behaviours. Finally, we also found that older people perceived higher threat to themselves, while all respondents were strongly concerned about their family. Conclusions Rapid population surveys conducted via Facebook allow us to monitor behavioural changes, adoption of protective measures, and compliance with recommended practices. As the pandemic progresses and new waves of infections are a threatening reality, timely insights from behavioural and attitudinal data are crucial to guide the decision-making process.

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