scholarly journals A Novel Bio-Fertilizer Produced by Prickly Ash Seeds with Biochar Addition Induces Soil Suppressiveness against Black Shank Disease on Tobacco

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7261
Author(s):  
Xifen Zhang ◽  
Yaochen Wang ◽  
Xiaobin Han ◽  
Jianyu Gou ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness ◽  
Soil Nutrition ◽  
Tobacco Black Shank

A novel bio-fertilizer, produced from prickly ash seeds (PAS), Bacillus subtilis and biochar, was evaluated for its disease-preventing potential on tobacco black shank caused by Phytophthora nicotianae. The results showed that biochar promoted the growth of Tpb55 in PAS and increased the pH of the organic fertilizer. The final concentration of B. subtilis could reach 1.7 × 1010 cfu g−1 in the biological organic fertilizer (PBB) under the optimal medium under conditions of solid-state fermentation. PBB exhibited a strong fumigation effect on P. nicotianae, including inhibiting mycelium growth, reducing the disease severity and decreasing the pathogen population in rhizospheric soil. PBB treatment also could significantly increase the pH of acidified soil and improve soil nutrition content such as available K, alkali hydrolysable N and organic carbon. High-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes revealed that 4% PBB addition in soil had significant effects on the diversity and richness of fungi but not on that of bacteria. The microbial community structure was also shifted after PBB treatment. Some potentially beneficial microbes such as Bacillus, Mucor, Cunninghamella, Chitinophaga and Phenylobacterium were enriched, while potential pathogen Fusarium was significantly decreased. In conclusion, the agricultural waste PAS combined with biochar can replace soybean as a source for the production of biocontrol B. subtilis Tpb55, and the novel bio-fertilizer could effectively control tobacco black shank by pathogen inhibition, soil nutrient improvement and shifting the rhizomicrobial community.

Biocontrol of tobacco black shank disease (Phytophthora nicotianae) by Bacillus velezensis Ba168

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 104523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsheng Guo ◽  
Chenhong Yuan ◽  
Yunyan Luo ◽  
YaHan Chen ◽  
Meihuan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Tobacco Black Shank

scholarly journals Prickly Ash Seed Kernel: A New Bio-Fumigation Material Against Tobacco Black Shank

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 770
Author(s):  
Yaochen Wang ◽  
Minghong Liu ◽  
Xiaobin Han ◽  
Yanfen Zheng ◽  
Jianmin Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Octadecadienoic Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Tobacco Black Shank

The present study evaluated the fumigant effect and potential mechanisms of Chinese prickly ash seed kernel (PSK) against tobacco black shank caused by Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan. The results showed that PSK fumigant increased the soil organic matter, hydrolysable nitrogen, available potassium, and total phosphorus significantly, while the pH was decreased. Application of 2% PSK promoted plant growth, with higher plant height, root length, and dry weight compared to those in the treatment with no PSK. Both in vitro and in vivo tests indicated that PSK fumigant effectively inhibited mycelial growth of P. nicotianae, and significantly reduced the severity of tobacco black shank. Based on the analysis of volatiles in PSK by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 28 components were identified, among which monoterpenes were the major components (accounting for 79.46% of peak area). Among the six top components, linalool, piperitone, sabinene, and limonene exhibited strong mycelial inhibition of P. nicotianae. Linalool was the most effective with an IC50 value of 18.03 μL/L. Results of GC-MS revealed that the main components of PSK extract were cis-Vaccenic acid (40.81%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (15.67%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (15.25%), Ethanone-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)- (10.32%), cis-9-Hexadecenoic acid (6.21%), and Psilocin (11.75%). Among them, Ethanone-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)- and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- have an obvious inhibitory effect on P. nicotianae. Additionally, changes in soil bacterial and fungal communities were observed. The relative abundance of some microbes, such as Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Thermomonas, Glutamicibacter, Dyella, and Trichoderma, increased, which have many beneficial microbes in these genera, indicating that microbial community shift could be one of the important outcomes of the PSK fumigant effect. In conclusion, PSK could be a new bio-fumigation material against plant soilborne pathogens, which can function as both a fungicide and fertilizer.

scholarly journals Whole Genome Sequence of Bacillus velezensis Strain GUMT319: A Potential Biocontrol Agent Against Tobacco Black Shank Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Ding ◽  
Weidi Mo ◽  
Shui Yu ◽  
Huanhuan Cheng ◽  
Lijuan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Circular Chromosome ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Tobacco Black Shank

Phytophthora nicotianae causes black shank, a serious soil-borne disease, in tobacco. In this study, the Bacillus strain GUMT319 was isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy tobacco plants grown in a field in Guizhou with a high incidence of tobacco black shank. Genome sequencing revealed that GUMT319 contained a single circular chromosome 3,940,023 bp in length, with 4,053 predicted genes and an average GC content of 46.6%. Based on phylogenomic analyses, GUMT319 was designated as Bacillus velezensis. The genome of GUMT319 contained more than 60 genes and 13 gene clusters that have previously been found to be active in antifungal mechanisms, biofilm formation, and chemotaxis motility. Additionally, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that GUMT319 formed a spatially organized biofilm in vivo. In addition, lauric acid negatively regulated biofilm formation. This is the first study to report that nicotine in tobacco root exudates was a chemoattractant for biocontrol Bacillus strains. In this study, we identified new interactions between beneficial microorganisms and tobacco roots in the rhizosphere. Moreover, dual culture tests in vitro showed that GUMT319 inhibited the growth of P. nicotianae and also displayed inhibitory effects against eight other plant pathogens, namely, Colletotrichum scovillei, Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium carminascens, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Alternaria alternata, Phomopsis sp., Phyllosticta sorghina, and Exserohilum turcicum. Furthermore, GUMT319 exhibited > 70% control efficiency against tobacco black shank in field experiments conducted in 2018–2020. Thus, GUMT319 was more effective in controlling the incidence of tobacco black shank than other treatments including fungicide application. Overall, these results suggested that GUMT319 (B. velezensis) could be used as a potential biocontrol agent against tobacco black shank.

In vitro and in vivo activities of eugenol against tobacco black shank caused by Phytophthora nicotianae

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changliang Jing ◽  
Jianyu Gou ◽  
Xiaobin Han ◽  
Qian Wu ◽  
Chengsheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Tobacco Black Shank

Peningkatan Kapasitas Dalam Teknologi Pakan Dan Pengolahan Limbah Ternak Pada Kelompok Peternak Sapi Potong Di Desa Mattirowalie, Kec. Libureng, Kab. Bone

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan Said ◽  
Muhammad Hatta ◽  
St. Rohani
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Technology Introduction ◽  
Fermentation Technology

Knowledge of animal feed and waste is an important component in building the livestock industry. The aspectof availability of feed and the production of livestock waste is one of the problems by cattle farmers in MattirowalieVillage, Libureng Sub-District, Bone Regency. Efforts to increase the capacity of farmers in solving these problems areneeded to increase the productivity of their livestock. This program aims to increase knowledge for farmers of beef cattlein processing agricultural and livestock waste into feed products and processing them into organic fertilizer. This activityis an implementation of the Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Unhas (PPMU) Program Kemitraan Masyarakat(PKM). This activity was carried out in Mattirowalie Village, Libureng Sub-District, Bone Regency. The partner groupsinvolved as targets were the "Kurusumange" and "Masempo Dalle" farmers group (FG). The number of trainingparticipants involved in this activity is approximately 25 peoples, overall were cattle farmers with 2-3 cattle/person. Theimplementation of technology introduction programs was carried out in the form of training programs and technologyassistance. Several technology packages that have been implemented were: 1) ammoniation technology, 2) complete feedsilage fermentation technology, 3) manufacturing of local microorganism (LM) technology and 4) Urea Molasses Block(UMB) manufacturing technology. The results of the implementation of activities to increase the capacity of partnermembers in processing agricultural waste and livestock into alternative animal feed and organic fertilizer

scholarly journals RNAseq Reveals Differential Gene Expression Contributing to Phytophthora nicotianae Adaptation to Partial Resistance in Tobacco

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Jing Jin ◽  
Rui Shi ◽  
Ramsey Steven Lewis ◽  
Howard David Shew
Keyword(s):  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Go Terms

Phytophthora nicotianae is a devastating oomycete plant pathogen with a wide host range. On tobacco, it causes black shank, a disease that can result in severe economic losses. Deployment of host resistance is one of the most effective means of controlling tobacco black shank, but adaptation to complete and partial resistance by P. nicotianae can limit the long-term effectiveness of the resistance. The molecular basis of adaptation to partial resistance is largely unknown. RNAseq was performed on two isolates of P. nicotianae (adapted to either the susceptible tobacco genotype Hicks or the partially resistant genotype K 326 Wz/Wz) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during their pathogenic interactions with K 326 Wz/Wz and Hicks. Approximately 69% of the up-regulated DEGs were associated with pathogenicity in the K 326 Wz/Wz-adapted isolate when sampled following infection of its adapted host K 326 Wz/Wz. Thirty-one percent of the up-regulated DEGs were associated with pathogenicity in the Hicks-adapted isolate on K 326 Wz/Wz. A broad spectrum of over-represented gene ontology (GO) terms were assigned to down-regulated genes in the Hicks-adapted isolate. In the host, a series of GO terms involved in nuclear biosynthesis processes were assigned to the down-regulated genes in K 326 Wz/Wz inoculated with K 326 Wz/Wz-adapted isolate. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of P. nicotianae adaptation to partial resistance in tobacco by elucidating how the pathogen recruits pathogenicity-associated genes that impact host biological activities.

Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Black Shank

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, N. tabaci, N. spp., and on Amaranthus sp., Commelina benghalensis, C. nudiflora, Lycopersicon esculentum, Ricinus communis, Solanum melongena; also on wound inoculated Buxus sp., Daucus carota, Hedera helix, Ipomoea batatas and Trema amboensis. DISEASE: Black shank of tobacco. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Malawi, Mauritius, Uganda); Asia (Ceylon, China, Formosa, India, Indonesia, Japan, Java, Malaya, Philippines, Sumatra); Central America & West Indies (Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo, Trinidad); Europe (Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Romania, U.S.S.R.); North America (U.S.A.); South America (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne, persisting in soil for at least 4 years between tobacco crops, and not eliminated by a 3 year rotation or a 4 year fallow (41: 409; 39: 126). Tobacco leaves have been used to indicate disease potential in infested soil after serial dilution with sterile soil (42: 408). Spread in contaminated pond water used in overhead irrigation also suspected (43, 1413). Wind-borne spread up to 800 ft. has been recorded (39: 500).

Use of Bacillus velezensis SDTB022 against tobacco black shank (TBS) and the biochemical mechanism involved

2021 ◽  
pp. 104785
Author(s):  
Yue Qiu ◽  
Hao-Hao Yan ◽  
Shou-Min Sun ◽  
Yong-Qiang Wang ◽  
Xue-Ru Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Mechanism ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Tobacco Black Shank

scholarly journals Cashew Growth and Canopy Dynamics as Influenced by Manuring in a Guinea Savanna Agro-Ecology of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Beatrice Abanum Nduka ◽  
Olorunfemi Sunday Ojo Akanbi ◽  
Idrisu Mohammed ◽  
Seun Adewale Adeosun ◽  
Osasogie Ugioro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Status ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A two-year experiment was conducted to study the response of manuring on growth and canopy development on three-year-old Cashew trees. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. Soil characteristics including the chemical and physical properties were analyzed before and after the experiments. Fecti-plus organic pelletized fertilizer was applied at different rates of 0,750.6 and 1,501.2 kg/ha-1 respectively around the circumference of the tree. Before the application, the fertilizer sample was also analyzed. Data collected were plant height, stem girth, canopy dynamics which includes: Canopy diameter, canopy radius, canopy spread (North-South and East-West directions), canopy volume, canopy ground cover and percentage ground cover. The results from the pre soil sample show a relatively low status but were significantly enhanced after the application of the pelletized organic fertilizer (Ferti-plus). The soil nutrient composition of Oc, Om, N, K, Na, Ca and Mg+ was significantly highest in the plots having 1,501.2 kg/ha-1 treatments. Generally, there was a significant increase in the soil nutrient with the addition of pelletized fertilizer in respective of the rate of application. Also the results on the canopy dynamic in terms of canopy volume, spread and diameter revealed better development with the use of 1501.2 kg/ha-1 pelletized fertilizer and significantly different to 750.6 kg/ha-1 and those in the no-manure (control)plots. Meanwhile, the use of pelletized organic fertilizer gave superior growth and canopy development. It also influenced the growth of the Cashew plants, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the soil status.

scholarly journals Hyperspectral reflectance for non-invasive early detection of black shank disease in flue-cured tobacco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Hayes ◽  
T. David Reed
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Hyperspectral Reflectance ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Band Index ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Reflectance Data

Flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a high value-per-acre crop that is intensively managed to optimise the yield of high-quality cured leaf. A 15-day study assessed the potential of hyperspectral reflectance data for detecting Phytophthora nicotianae (black shank) incidence in flue-cured tobacco. Hyperspectral reflectance data were taken from a commercial flue-cured tobacco field with a progressing black shank infestation. The effort encompassed two key objectives. First, develop hyperspectral indices and/or machine learning classification models capable of detecting Phytophthora nicotianae (black shank) incidence in flue-cured tobacco. Second, evaluate the model’s ability to separate pre-symptomatic plants from healthy plants. Two hyperspectral indices were developed to detect black shank incidence based on differences in the spectral profiles of asymptomatic flue-cured tobacco plants compared to those with black shank symptoms. While one of the indices is a broad-band index and the other uses narrow wavelength values, the statistical difference between the two indices was not significant and both provided an accurate classification of symptomatic plants. Further analysis of the indices showed significant differences between the index values of healthy and symptomatic plants (α = 0.05). In addition, the indices were able to detect black shank symptoms pre-symptomatically (α = 0.09). Subspace linear discriminant analysis, a machine learning classification, was also used for prediction of black shank incidence with up to 85.7% classification accuracy. The implications of using either spectral indices or machine learning for classification for future black shank research are discussed.

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