scholarly journals Investigation of the Strength Parameters of Drilling Pumps during the Formation of Contact Stresses in Gears

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7076
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Savinkin ◽  
Sergey Kolisnichenko ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
Olga Ivanova ◽  
Petrica Vizureanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Contact Spot ◽  
Distribution Factor ◽  
Wear Area ◽  
Core Drilling ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Drilling Pump ◽  
Eccentric Shaft ◽  
Transmission Shaft ◽  
Deviation Factor

The relevance of this research lies in the need to develop scientifically based methods for calculating and designing a transmission shaft with a hardened coating of increased strength and service life of a core drilling pump drive that can allow for a redistributing of resistance forces along the contact surfaces of the gear. This relevance is confirmed by the need to improve domestic methods for designing drive shafts of increased reliability which can ensure the development of frozen soils during deposits exploration. The purpose of the research is to increase the energy efficiency and service life of the high-loaded drive gear teeth of core drilling pump transmission shafts by justifying the critical loads and stresses in hardened gear coatings acting under intense wear of the contact surface with a broken contact symmetry. The criteria for the effective wear area with an uneven contact cross-section at the maximum bending moments of the transmission shaft of the drilling pump were justified and presented in the work. Additionally, the process of interaction of the transmission shaft gear teeth with the eccentric shaft gear at uneven axial torques was investigated. The effective power (Ng) of the gearing of the drive transmission shaft gear and the eccentric shaft gear, which characterizes the energy consumption of the drill bit depth stroke, was justified. This work also proposes a method of substantiating the technological and power parameters of the transmission shaft by using Legendre polynomials. A nomographic chart was developed for the determination of the dependence of the contact stress base cycles on the change in the load distribution factor and the contact spot deviation factor from the design axis λ.

scholarly journals Enhancing Wear Resistance and Cutting Performance of a Long-Life Micro-Groove Tool in Turning AISI 201

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Jinxing Wu ◽  
Lin He ◽  
Yanying Wu ◽  
Chaobiao Zhou ◽  
Zhongfei Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Rake Angle ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Crater Wear ◽  
Wear Area

Tool-chip friction increases cutting temperature, aggravates tool wear, and shortens the service life of cutting tools. A micro-groove design of the rake face can improve the wear performance of the tool. In this study, we used the finite element simulation “Deform” to obtain the temperature field distribution of the tool rake face. The size of the micro-groove was determined by selecting a suitable temperature field combined with the characteristics of tool–chip flow in the cutting process, and the tool was prepared using powder metallurgy. The three-direction cutting forces and tool tip temperature were obtained by a cutting test. Compared with the original turning tool, the cutting force and cutting temperature of the micro-groove tool were reduced by more than 20%, the friction coefficient was reduced by more than 14%, the sliding energy was reduced and the shear energy was greatly decreased. According to the analysis of tool wear by SEM (scanning electron microscope) and EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), the crater wear, adhesive wear and oxidation wear of the micro-groove tool were lower than those of the original turning tool. In particular, the change in the crater wear area on the rake face of the original tool and the micro-groove tool was consistent with the cutting temperature and the wear width of the flank face. On the whole, the crater wear area and the change rate of the crater wear area of the micro-groove tool were smaller. Due to the proper microgroove structure of the rake face, the tool-chip contact area decreased, and the second rake angle of the tool became larger. Hence, the tool-chip friction, cutting forces, cutting energy consumption were reduced, tool wear was improved, and the service life of the micro-groove tool was five times longer than that of the original tool.

scholarly journals Bending strength assessment of chemically-heat-strengthened Novikov gearing

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 02033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Beskopylny ◽  
Nikolay Onishkov ◽  
Victor Korotkin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Contact Spot ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Tensile Stresses ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

The article is devoted to the refinement of the flexural strength assessment of surface-strengthened gears with Novikov’s engagement. For standard involute wheels the results that were calculated in accordance with existing regulations and experiments could differ by an order of magnitude, or even more, then for Novikov’s transmissions, only partial recommendations based on experiments are relatively reliable. The influence of several factors, such as the possible initiation of flexural fractures under the action of contact stresses on the tooth’s leg, as well as the peculiarities of cyclic loading of gear teeth with two lines of engagement, have not been studied in practice. The purpose of this article is to assess the influence of tensile stresses on the boundary of the instantaneous contact spot in the conditions of reducing the plastic properties of the material due to thermal (chemical-thermal) treatment. The presence of a dangerous cross-section on the border of the active and transitional sections of the tooth profile is presented, which may not coincide with the area of action of the maximum tensile stresses, in which two essentially different types of stress-strain state will alternate, which considerably complicates the assessment of accumulation of fatigue damages.

Optimal Machine Tool Setting for Hypoid Gears Improving Load Distribution

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilmos V. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Distribution Factor ◽  
Hypoid Gears ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Tool Setting ◽  
Load Distribution Factor ◽  
Optimal Machine

Abstract A method for the determination of optimal machine tool setting for manufacturing modified (mismatched) hypoid gears based on improved load distribution and reduced transmission errors is presented. The applied load distribution calculation is based on the conditions that the total angular position errors of the gear teeth being instantaneously in contact under load must be the same, and along the contact line of every tooth pair instantaneously in contact, the composite displacements of tooth surface points — as the sums of tooth deformations, geometrical surface separations, gear body bending and torsion, deflections of the supporting shafts, misalignments, and composite tooth errors — should correspond to the angular position of the gear. The tooth defonnations consists of the bending and shearing deflections of gear teeth and of the local contact deformations of the mating surfaces. The tooth deflections are calculated by the finite element method. As the equations governing the load sharing and load distribution are nonlinear, an approximate and iterative technique is used to solve this system of equations. The method is implemented by a computer program. Using the program that was developed the influence of machine tool setting parameters for pinion manufacture on maximum tooth contact pressure, load distribution factor, and transmission errors is investigated. By successively choosing the optimal value for every machine tool setting parameter, and by applying the optimal set of these parameters, the maximum tooth contact pressure is reduced by 5.8%, the load distribution factor by 5.9%, and the angular position error of the driven gear by 65.4%, in regard to the hypoid gear pair manufactured by the machine tool setting determined by the commonly used method.

Optimal Machine Tool Setting for Hypoid Gears Improving Load Distribution

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilmos Simon
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Distribution Factor ◽  
Hypoid Gears ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Tool Setting ◽  
Load Distribution Factor ◽  
Optimal Machine

A method for the determination of optimal machine tool setting for manufacturing modified (mismatched) hypoid gears based on improved load distribution and reduced transmission errors is presented. The applied load distribution calculation is based on the conditions that the total angular position errors of the gear teeth being instantaneously in contact under load must be the same, and along the contact line of every tooth pair instantaneously in contact, the composite displacements of tooth surface points—as the sums of tooth deformations, geometrical surface separations, gear body bending and torsion, deflections of the supporting shafts, misalignments, and composite tooth errors—should correspond to the angular position of the gear. The tooth deformations consists of the bending and shearing deflections of gear teeth and of the local contact deformations of the mating surfaces. The tooth deflections are calculated by the finite element method. As the equations governing the load sharing and load distribution are nonlinear, an approximate and iterative technique is used to solve this system of equations. The method is implemented by a computer program. Using the program that was developed the influence of machine tool setting parameters for pinion manufacture on maximum tooth contact pressure, load distribution factor, and transmission errors is investigated. By successively choosing the optimal value for every machine tool setting parameter, and by applying the optimal set of these parameters, the maximum tooth contact pressure is reduced by 5.8%, the load distribution factor by 5.9%, and the angular position error of the driven gear by 65.4%, in regard to the hypoid gear pair manufactured by the machine tool setting determined by the commonly used method.

Tooth Surface Fatigue of AISI9310 Steel Spur Gears

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kotorii
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Load Cycle ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Surface Fatigue ◽  
Profile Errors ◽  
Tooth Profile Errors

Abstract With a JIS 0 class Spur Gears of AISI9310 steel, module 4, presure angle 25 degree tooth profile, the numbers of pinion teeth 21 / gear teeth 29 carburized and tooth surface hardness HRc 59, the relationships of the load and the service life (S-N) diagram were investigated by running test on the power-circulated type gear tester. MIL-L-23699 equivalent synthetic oil at 50° C were fed at a ratio of 0.8 l/min and circumferential velocity of 8.8 m/sec. Also the running performance of the gears, variation of tooth profile errors, affairs of damage, etc. were examined. Types of tooth surface fatigue mere scoring, spalling, or micropitting. A durability limit of Hertz-stress was assumed to be around 2GPa at the load cycle of 108.

Kontinuierliches Wälzschleifen*/Continuous gear grinding. Thermal and mechanical loads during continuous gear grinding with cBN grinding tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (06) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
B. Denkena ◽  
T. Grove ◽  
P. Dzierzawa ◽  
F.L. Kempf
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Gear Grinding ◽  
Grinding Tool ◽  
Thermische Schädigungen

Für die Leistung und die Standzeit der Zahnräder im Getriebe sind die Oberflächen- und Randzoneneigenschaften der Zähne entscheidend. Die Kenntnis der durch den Schleifprozess erzeugten Temperaturen ist von besonderem Interesse, da thermische Schädigungen ein Bauteil für den Einsatz unbrauchbar machen. Die Messung von Temperaturen nahe der Kontaktzone ist aufgrund der gekoppelten Rotation von Werkstück und Schleifwerkzeug aufwendig. Eine werkstückseitige Messung bietet eine einfachere Lösung dafür, die auch die Untersuchung unterschiedlicher Werkzeuge erlaubt.   Surface and subsurface properties of the gear teeth are crucial for the performance and service life of gears inside the gear train. The knowledge of temperatures generated by the grinding process is of particular interest, as thermal damage causes the gear to be unusable. The measurement of temperatures near the contact zone in this case is not trivial, due to the coupled rotation of workpiece and grinding tool. A measuring system attached to the workpiece offers a less complicated solution for this, and allows the examination of different tools.

Load Distribution in Double Enveloping Worm Gears

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Distribution Factor ◽  
Axial Deformation ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Worm Gears ◽  
New Type ◽  
Alignment Errors ◽  
Gear Drives

A method for the determination of load sharing among the instantaneously engaged worm threads and gear teeth of double enveloping worm gears and for the calculation of load distribution along their instantaneous contact lines is presented. The bending and shearing deflection of worm thread and gear tooth, the contact deformation, the axial deformation of worm body, and the manufacturing and alignment errors of worm and gear are included. The obtained system of integral equations is solved by using approximations and an iterative technique. The corresponding computer program is developed. By using this program, the load distribution in the classical and in a new type of double enveloping worm gear drives is calculated. The influence of design parameters on load distribution factor and on maximum tooth pressure is investigated and discussed.

A Possible Basis for Nondestructive Characterization of Ropes of Nylon 6

1997 ◽  
Vol 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jiang ◽  
M. K. Davis ◽  
R. K. Eby ◽  
P. Arsenovic
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Remaining Service Life ◽  
Nondestructive Characterization ◽  
Fractional Content

ABSTRACTPhysical properties and structural parameters have been measured for ropes of nylon 6 as a function of the number of use operations. The fractional content of the α crystal form, sound velocity, birefringence, tensile strength and length all increase systematically and significantly with increasing the number of use operations. The fractional content of the γ crystal form and fiber diameter decrease with use. These trends indicate that the measurement of such properties and structural parameters, especially the length, provide a possible basis for establishing a reliable, rapid, and convenient nondestructive characterization method to predict the remaining service life of nylon 6 ropes.

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