scholarly journals Accommodative Relaxation by Extending the Viewing Distance through the Simple Optical Design of a Double-Mirror System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6979
Author(s):  
Shang-Min Yeh ◽  
Hui-Rong Su ◽  
Chi-Hung Lee ◽  
Yu-Jung Chen ◽  
Shuan-Yu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mirror System ◽  
Real Object ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Virtual Image ◽  
Accommodative Response ◽  
Eye Fatigue

Purpose: This paper discusses the accommodative relaxation of myopic adults using a simple double-mirror design. This optical design can extend the viewing distance to 2.285 m and can magnify the image up to 3.386 times, and it results in the accommodative relaxation of a single human eye. By using this optical design, accommodative relaxation may improve eye fatigue and, furthermore, it may delay the progression of myopia. Method: This study recruited 32 subjects with an average age of 20.8 ± 0.95 years old. After an examination of their refractive status, disposable contact lenses with a corresponding refractive error were fitted, and the dynamic accommodative response and change in pupil size were measured by using an open-field autorefractor. The subjects gazed at two different viewing distances. First, they gazed at a real object, which was placed 0.4 m in front of them. Second, the subjects gazed at a virtual image through a double-mirror system at a distance of 2.285 m. The dynamic accommodative responses and pupil size data were collected under these two viewing distance conditions. Results: When the subjects gazed at a real object that was 0.4 m away, or a virtual image that was 2.285 m away, the mean value of the accommodative response was 1.69 ± 0.31 D or 0.11 ± 0.05 D, and the pupil size was 3.79 ± 0.49 mm or 4.09 ± 0.72 mm, respectively. The accommodative response decreased, and the pupil size increased when using the double-mirror system, and therefore, accommodative relaxation can be achieved by using this new optical design. Conclusions: In the present study, we first successfully proposed a simple optical design to relax the accommodation, and the fluctuations of the accommodation response were stable, with an extended viewing distance of 2.285 m. This design may be applied for the improvement of visual function in applications such as the reduction of asthenopia and the control of myopia.

Accommodative relaxation by extending the viewing distance through the simple optical design of a double-mirror system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuan-Yu Huang ◽  
SHANG-MIN YEH ◽  
HUI-RONG SU
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mirror System ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Virtual Image ◽  
Accommodative Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Distance Conditions

Abstract This paper discusses the accommodative relaxation of myopic adults by using a simple double-mirror design. This optical design can extend the viewing distance to 2.285 m and magnify the image up to 3.79 times, and it results in the accommodative relaxation of a single human eye. We recruited 32 subjects with an average age of 20.8 ± 0.95 years old. After an examination of their refractive status, the disposable contact lenses with a corresponding refractive error were corrected, and the dynamic accommodative response and the change in pupil size were measured by using an open-field auto-refractor. The dynamic accommodative responses and pupil size data were collected under two viewing distance conditions. When the subjects gazed at a real object that was 0.4 m away, or a virtual image that was 2.285 m away, the mean value of the accommodative response was 1.69 ± 0.31D or 0.11 ± 0.05D, and the pupil size was 3.79 ± 0.49 mm or 4.09 ± 0.72 mm, respectively. The accommodative response decreased and the pupil size increased by using the double-mirror system, and therefore, accommodative relaxation can be achieved by using this new optical design. In this study, we first successfully proposed a simple optical design to relax the accommodation, and the fluctuations of the accommodation response were stable, with the extended viewing distance of 2.285 m. This design may be applied for the improvement of visual function, such as the reduction of asthenopia and the control of myopia.

scholarly journals Reduction in Accommodative Response of Schoolchildren by a Double-Mirror System

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 9951
Author(s):  
Shang-Min Yeh ◽  
Chen-Cheng Lo ◽  
Chi-Hung Lee ◽  
Yu-Jung Chen ◽  
Feng-Chi Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Mirror System ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Accommodative Response ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Myopia Control

Purpose: This study first proposed the application of a double-mirror system (DMS) to extend viewing distance and investigate the accommodative response of schoolchildren under a DMS. Method: Fifty-seven subjects aged between 7 and 12 years old were recruited in this study, and the experiment was divided into two stages. The first stage consisted of a case history inquiry, a refraction state, and a visual function examination. In the second stage, the subjects gazed at an object at distances of 0.4 m, 2.285 m, and through a DMS, respectively, and their accommodative responses were measured using an open-field autorefractor. Results: There was no significant difference in the schoolchildren’s accommodative response between subjects gazing at an object at 2.285 m (0.14 ± 0.35 D, p > 0.05) and those gazing at it through a DMS (0.20 ± 0.35 D). However, their accommodative response showed a significant difference between subjects gazing at an object at 0.4 m and 2.285 m and those gazing at it at 0.4 m and through a DMS. Conclusion: In this experiment, the results of the children’s accommodative response measured at 2.285 m or through a DMS are very similar. The viewing distance can be extended by a DMS, resulting in accommodative relaxation. This result may have potential applications in myopia control.

scholarly journals Manufacture of Contact Lens of Nanoparticle-Doped Polymer Complemented with ZEMAX

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2028
Author(s):  
Lina M. Shaker ◽  
Ahmed A. Al-Amiery ◽  
Abdul Amir H. Kadhum ◽  
Mohd S. Takriff
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
Molding Method

Many people suffer from myopia or hyperopia due to the refractive errors of the cornea all over the world. The use of high refractive index (RI), Abbe number (νd), and visible light transmittance (T%) polymeric contact lenses (CLs) holds great promise in vision error treatment as an alternative solution to the irreversible laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been suggested as a good candidate to rise the RI and maintain high transparency of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-TiO2 nanocomposite. This work includes a preparation of TiO2 NPs using the sol gel method as well as a synthesis of pure PMMA by free radical polarization and PMMA-TiO2 CLs using a cast molding method of 0.005 and 0.01 w/v concentrations and a study of their effect on the aberrated human eye. ZEMAX optical design software was used for eye modeling based on the Liou and Brennan eye model and then the pure and doped CLs were applied. Ocular performance was evaluated by modulation transfer function (MTF), spot diagram, and image simulation. The used criteria show that the best vision correction was obtained by the CL of higher doping content (p < 0.0001) and that the generated spherical and chromatic aberrations in the eye had been reduced.

Optical design of a head-mounted display (HMD) using an off-axis three-mirror system (OTS) and freeform surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge D. Alvarado-Martínez ◽  
Fermín Salomón S. Granados-Agustín ◽  
Sergio Vázquez y Montiel ◽  
Alejandro Cornejo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Optical Design ◽  
Mirror System ◽  
Freeform Surfaces ◽  
Head Mounted Display

Quantification of accommodative response and visual performance in non-presbyopes wearing low-add contact lenses

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. e28
Author(s):  
Shizuka Koh ◽  
Ryota Inoue ◽  
Shinnosuke Sato ◽  
Mai Haruna ◽  
Kohji Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Accommodative Response

Optical Design of an Off-axis Three-mirror System Using Freeform Surfaces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Alvarado-Martínez ◽  
F. S. Granados-Agustín ◽  
S. Vázquez-y Montiel ◽  
A. A. Cornejo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Optical Design ◽  
Mirror System ◽  
Freeform Surfaces

Accommodation Dynamics in Children Wearing Bifocal Soft Contact Lenses with High Addition Power

The Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
E. P. Tarutta ◽  
S. V. Milash ◽  
M. V. Epishina
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Soft Contact ◽  
Near Vision ◽  
Accommodative Response ◽  
Optical Biometry ◽  
Soft Contact Lenses ◽  
Power Increase ◽  
Full Correction ◽  
Myopia Control

Purpose: to evaluate dynamics of subjective and objective accommodation in children wearing bifocal soft contact lenses (BSCLs) for myopia control with +4.00 D addition power. M e t h o d s: the study involved 22 patients (44 eyes).Mean age amounted to 10.1  ± 1.46 years and mean myopic refraction amounted to –3.21  ± 1.23 D. Patients were fitted Prima BIO Bi-focal BSCLs (OKVision Retail, Russia). All patients underwent cycloplegic refraction assessed with Auto Ref/Keratometer ARK 530A (Nidek, Japan), had axial length measured with IOL Master 500 optical biometry device (Carl Zeiss, Germany), had positive relative accommodation (PRA) assessed with and without lenses and had binocular (BAR) and monocular (MAR) accommodative response assessed at a distance of 33 cm with WAM-5500 Binocular Accommodation Auto Ref/Keratometer (Grand Seiko, Japan) prior to wearing BSCLs as well as 3, 6 and 12 months after wearing BSCLs.Results: neither MAR nor BAR measured without lenses changed after 3, 6 and 12 months of wearing BSCLs (p >0,05). A change in PRA evaluated without lenses was noted after 12 months (p < 0,05). PRA evaluated with lenses after 3, 6 and 12 months differed from baseline significantly (p < 0,001). Over 12 months of wearing BSCLs, changes in AL (0.09 ± 0.17 mm) and cycloplegic refraction (0.3 ±0.43 D) correlated with baseline BAR and MAR loosely. C o n c l u s i o n: objective accommodation (MAR and BAR) did not change in the course of wearing BSCLs with +4.00 D addition power. Increase in PRA evaluated without BSCLs may be associated with improvement of accommodation due to a full correction in the optic zone. The gradual increase in PRA evaluated with BSCLs probably indicates an adaptation of patients to addition zone in near vision conditions.

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