scholarly journals Visuospatial Working Memory for Autonomous UAVs: A Bio-Inspired Computational Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6619
Author(s):  
José-Antonio Cervantes ◽  
Sonia López ◽  
Salvador Cervantes ◽  
Adriana Mexicano ◽  
Jonathan-Hernando Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Continuous Representation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Total Occlusion

Visuospatial working memory is a fundamental cognitive capability of human beings needed for exploring the visual environment. This cognitive function is responsible for creating visuospatial maps, which are useful for maintaining a coherent and continuous representation of visual and spatial relationships among objects present in the external world. A bio-inspired computational model of Visuospatial Working Memory (VSWM) is proposed in this paper to endow Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with this cognitive function. The VSWM model was implemented on a low-cost commercial drone. A total of 30 test cases were designed and executed. These test cases were grouped into three scenarios: (i) environments with static and dynamic vehicles, (ii) environments with people, and (iii) environments with people and vehicles. The visuospatial ability of the VSWM model was measured in terms of the ability to classify and locate objects in the environment. The VSWM model was capable of maintaining a coherent and continuous representation of visual and spatial relationships among interest objects presented in the environment even when a visual stimulus is lost because of a total occlusion. The VSWM model proposed in this paper represents a step towards autonomous UAVs capable of forming visuospatial mental imagery in realistic environments.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Chemotherapy-related Cognitive Impairments in Patients with Breast Cancer: a Community-based Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Owrangi ◽  
Mohammad Javad Gholamzadeh ◽  
Maryam Vasaghi Gharamaleki ◽  
Seyedeh Zahra Mousavi ◽  
Ali-Mohammad Kamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
P Value ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Community Based Research

AbstractPurposeWith increasing breast cancer (BC) survival rates, the survivors’ quality of life (QoL) has become an important issue. Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment, known as “chemobrain” has been addressed recently. Therefore, cognitive function as one of the determinants of QoL should be considered while prescribing chemotherapeutics. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of two common chemotherapy regimens on BC survivors’ cognition.MethodsThe participants comprised 35 BC patients who underwent two common chemotherapy regimens, AC-T and TAC, and 24 matched healthy volunteers. The participants were assessed regarding anxiety, depression, general health status, and cognitive function including aspects of concentration, verbal ability, reasoning, memory, and visuospatial skill through Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE-P) and Cambridge Brain Science (CBS) tests.ResultsRegarding depression and anxiety, there were no significant differences between the three groups. However, BC patients significantly complained of chronic fatigue compared to healthy volunteers (P-value = 0.027). Besides, ACE-P revealed the language domain to be affected in the AC-T group in comparison with the TAC-treated cases (P-value = 0.036). Moreover, the patients receiving the AC-T regimen had worse performance in visuospatial working memory and attention domains compared to the TAC group considering CBS tests (P-value = 0.031 and 0.008, respectively).ConclusionThe results represent the AC-T regimen to be more toxic than the TAC in domains of language, concentration, and visuospatial working memory.Implications for cancer survivorsThe AC-T regimen should be prescribed with caution in BC patients suffering from baseline cognitive impairments to improve post-chemotherapy QoL.Graphical Abstract

Do Children With Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) Have Difficulties With Interference Control, Visuospatial Working Memory, and Selective Attention? Developmental Patterns and the Role of Severity and Persistence of DLD

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 3036-3050
Author(s):  
Elma Blom ◽  
Tessel Boerma
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Many children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have weaknesses in executive functioning (EF), specifically in tasks testing interference control and working memory. It is unknown how EF develops in children with DLD, if EF abilities are related to DLD severity and persistence, and if EF weaknesses expand to selective attention. This study aimed to address these gaps. Method Data from 78 children with DLD and 39 typically developing (TD) children were collected at three times with 1-year intervals. At Time 1, the children were 5 or 6 years old. Flanker, Dot Matrix, and Sky Search tasks tested interference control, visuospatial working memory, and selective attention, respectively. DLD severity was based on children's language ability. DLD persistence was based on stability of the DLD diagnosis. Results Performance on all tasks improved in both groups. TD children outperformed children with DLD on interference control. No differences were found for visuospatial working memory and selective attention. An interference control gap between the DLD and TD groups emerged between Time 1 and Time 2. Severity and persistence of DLD were related to interference control and working memory; the impact on working memory was stronger. Selective attention was unrelated to DLD severity and persistence. Conclusions Age and DLD severity and persistence determine whether or not children with DLD show EF weaknesses. Interference control is most clearly impaired in children with DLD who are 6 years and older. Visuospatial working memory is impaired in children with severe and persistent DLD. Selective attention is spared.

Visual Search Facilitation in Repeated Displays Depends on Visuospatial Working Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela A. Manginelli ◽  
Franziska Geringswald ◽  
Stefan Pollmann
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Control Experiment ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Contextual Cueing ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Memory Resources

When distractor configurations are repeated over time, visual search becomes more efficient, even if participants are unaware of the repetition. This contextual cueing is a form of incidental, implicit learning. One might therefore expect that contextual cueing does not (or only minimally) rely on working memory resources. This, however, is debated in the literature. We investigated contextual cueing under either a visuospatial or a nonspatial (color) visual working memory load. We found that contextual cueing was disrupted by the concurrent visuospatial, but not by the color working memory load. A control experiment ruled out that unspecific attentional factors of the dual-task situation disrupted contextual cueing. Visuospatial working memory may be needed to match current display items with long-term memory traces of previously learned displays.

Where's the square? Strategies and aging in visuospatial working memory

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bailey M. Bonura ◽  
Ayanna K. Thomas ◽  
Holly A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory

Gestalt effects in visuospatial working memory

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pieroni ◽  
Clelia Rossi-Arnaud ◽  
Miriam Di Nardo ◽  
Alan D. Baddeley
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory

scholarly journals Does perceptual grouping improve visuospatial working memory? Optimized processing or encoding bias

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Prieto ◽  
Vanesa Peinado ◽  
Julia Mayas
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Gestalt Grouping ◽  
Color Similarity ◽  
Automatic Encoding ◽  
Change Detection Performance

AbstractVisual working memory has been defined as a system of limited capacity that enables the maintenance and manipulation of visual information. However, some perceptual features like Gestalt grouping could improve visual working memory effectiveness. In two different experiments, we aimed to explore how the presence of elements grouped by color similarity affects the change detection performance of both, grouped and non-grouped items. We combined a change detection task with a retrocue paradigm in which a six item array had to be remembered. An always valid, variable-delay retrocue appeared in some trials during the retention interval, either after 100 ms (iconic-trace period) or 1400 ms (working memory period), signaling the location of the probe. The results indicated that similarity grouping biased the information entered into the visual working memory, improving change detection accuracy only for previously grouped probes, but hindering change detection for non-grouped probes in certain conditions (Exp. 1). However, this bottom-up automatic encoding bias was overridden when participants were explicitly instructed to ignore grouped items as they were irrelevant for the task (Exp. 2).

Visuospatial Working Memory Deficits and Visual Pursuit Impairments are Not Directly Related in Schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 766-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Cocchi ◽  
Francesca Bosisio ◽  
Olivia Carter ◽  
Stephen J. Wood ◽  
André Berchtold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Visual Pursuit ◽  
Scanning Time ◽  
Time Scanning ◽  
Correct Path

Objective: Patients with schizophrenia show deficits in visuospatial working memory and visual pursuit processes. It is currently unclear, however, whether both impairments are related to a common neuropathological origin. The purpose of the present study was therefore to examine the possible relations between the encoding and the discrimination of dynamic visuospatial stimuli in schizophrenia. Method: Sixteen outpatients with schizophrenia and 16 control subjects were asked to encode complex disc displacements presented on a screen. After a delay, participants had to identify the previously presented disc trajectory from a choice of six static linear paths, among which were five incorrect paths. The precision of visual pursuit eye movements during the initial presentation of the dynamic stimulus was assessed. The fixations and scanning time in definite regions of the six paths presented during the discrimination phase were investigated. Results: In comparison with controls, patients showed poorer task performance, reduced pursuit accuracy during incorrect trials and less time scanning the correct stimulus or the incorrect paths approximating its global structure. Patients also spent less time scanning the leftmost portion of the correct path even when making a correct choice. The accuracy of visual pursuit and head movements, however, was not correlated with task performance. Conclusions: The present study provides direct support for the hypothesis that active integration of visuospatial information within working memory is deficient in schizophrenia. In contrast, a general impairment of oculomotor mechanisms involved in smooth pursuit did not appear to be directly related to lower visuospatial working memory performance in schizophrenia.

Functional MRI of visuospatial working memory in schizotypal personality disorder: a region-of-interest analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1019-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAROLD W. KOENIGSBERG ◽  
MONTE S. BUCHSBAUM ◽  
BRADLEY R. BUCHSBAUM ◽  
JASON S. SCHNEIDERMAN ◽  
CHEUK Y. TANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Disorder ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Schizotypal Personality
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