scholarly journals Development of Sensing Algorithms for Object Tracking and Predictive Safety Evaluation of Autonomous Excavators

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6366
Author(s):  
Abdullah Rasul ◽  
Jaho Seo ◽  
Amir Khajepour
Keyword(s):  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Autonomous Machines ◽  
Track Management ◽  
Experimental Validations ◽  
Safety Indices ◽  
Safety Enhancement ◽  
Tracking Objects

This article presents the sensing and safety algorithms for autonomous excavators operating on construction sites. Safety is a key concern for autonomous construction to reduce collisions and machinery damage. Taking this point into consideration, our study deals with LiDAR data processing that allows for object detection, motion tracking/prediction, and track management, as well as safety evaluation in terms of potential collision risk. In the safety algorithm developed in this study, potential collision risks can be evaluated based on information from excavator working areas, predicted states of detected objects, and calculated safety indices. Experiments were performed using a modified mini hydraulic excavator with Velodyne VLP-16 LiDAR. Experimental validations prove that the developed algorithms are capable of tracking objects, predicting their future states, and assessing the degree of collision risks with respect to distance and time. Hence, the proposed algorithms can be applied to diverse autonomous machines for safety enhancement.

Risk Analysis Techniques for Safety Evaluation of Highway Work Zones

2000 ◽  
Vol 1715 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Elias ◽  
Zohar J. Herbsman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Work Zone Safety ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Temporary Closure

Construction sites or work zones create serious disruptions in the normal flow of traffic, resulting in major inconveniences for the traveling public. Furthermore, these work zones create safety hazards that require special consideration. Current legislation and programs, at both state and national levels, emphasize the need for a better understanding of work zone problems to address work zone safety. This reality—coupled with the temporary closure of more miles of highway every year for rehabilitation and maintenance—makes the analysis of safety at construction sites a serious matter. A summary of a comprehensive study associated with the development of a new practical approach to address highway safety in construction zones is presented. Because empirical models require sample sizes that are not attainable due to the intrinsic scarcity of construction zone accident data, the problem was studied from the point of view of risk analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were used to develop risk factors. These factors are meant to be included in the calculations of additional user costs for work zones, or simply applied as risk measurements, to optimize the length and duration of closures for highway reconstruction and rehabilitation projects. In this way, it will be possible to assess the danger of work zones to the traveling public and minimize adverse effect of work zones on highway safety.

Velocity Obstacle-Based Collision Avoidance and Motion Planning Framework for Connected and Automated Vehicles

2022 ◽  
pp. 036119812110702
Author(s):  
Shunchao Wang ◽  
Zhibin Li ◽  
Bingtong Wang ◽  
Jingfeng Ma ◽  
Jingcai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Motion Planning ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Planning Algorithm ◽  
Velocity Obstacle ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic Model

This study proposes a novel collision avoidance and motion planning framework for connected and automated vehicles based on an improved velocity obstacle (VO) method. The controller framework consists of two parts, that is, collision avoidance method and motion planning algorithm. The VO algorithm is introduced to deduce the velocity conditions of a vehicle collision. A collision risk potential field (CRPF) is constructed to modify the collision area calculated by the VO algorithm. A vehicle dynamic model is presented to predict vehicle moving states and trajectories. A model predictive control (MPC)-based motion tracking controller is employed to plan collision-avoidance path according to the collision-free principles deduced by the modified VO method. Five simulation scenarios are designed and conducted to demonstrate the control maneuver of the proposed controller framework. The results show that the constructed CRPF can accurately represent the collision risk distribution of the vehicles with different attributes and motion states. The proposed framework can effectively handle the maneuver of obstacle avoidance, lane change, and emergency response. The controller framework also presents good performance to avoid crashes under different levels of collision risk strength.

Difference between Two Seismic Response Analysis Programs for Soft Site

2013 ◽  
Vol 477-478 ◽  
pp. 1056-1059
Author(s):  
Xiao Bo Yu ◽  
Rui Sun
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Horizontal Layer ◽  
Linearization Method ◽  
Equivalent Linearization ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Seismic Safety Evaluation ◽  
Equivalent Linearization Method ◽  
The Difference

In the process of seismic safety evaluation, engineers need ground motion parameters which may be obtained from different programs. For exploring the difference caused by different programs, 4 horizontal layer models of construction sites are established, and 3 earthquake waves are inputted. Results between SHAKE2000 and LSSRLI-1 indicate that there exists evident difference when the groundsill is weak. Soil profiles, inputting earthquake waves, and amplitude influence on the error of the programs. In the process of seismic safety evaluation engineers should take care of the error caused by using different programs. The error also demonstrates that equivalent linearization method have upgrade potential internally.

scholarly journals The Use of UAVs for Performing Safety-Related Tasks at Post-Disaster and Non-Critical Construction Sites

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Calantropio
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Rapid Mapping ◽  
Disaster Assessment ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
User Expectations ◽  
Safety Enhancement ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
The Ideal

Thanks to the wide diffusion of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), geomatics solutions have actively contributed to the field of safety enhancement and disaster risk reduction, supporting rapid mapping and documentation activities of the damages that have occurred to heritage buildings after natural disasters (such as earthquakes) where, in this scenario it is even more important to plan and execute disaster assessment and response operations in safe conditions. In fact, the planning and execution of technical countermeasures in a seismic emergency response involve higher risks for the safety of the operators as compared with responses related to the activities performed at non-critical construction sites. After an analysis of the state of the art, this study aims to underline the possibilities offered by the use of UAVs for performing safety-related tasks, both at post-disaster and non-critical construction sites. First, a survey has been conducted concerning the main user expectations and characteristics that an ideal UAV platform should have in order to perform safety-related tasks at construction sites that are created following the initial emergency phases. The answers that were obtained have been compared with similar studies retrieved from the literature validating previously conducted research. The legislative context is also considered, as it is an important factor that influences the applicability of these platforms and technology. Along with a method for assessing and mitigating the intrinsic risk of using an UAV, the results of a survey submitted to experts in the field of safety at construction sites is also discussed, intending to identify requirements of the ideal platform and the related user expectations. The results are reported, together with a summary of considerations on the use of these strategies in the analyzed contexts.

MODELLING THE APPLICATION OF WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT IN LITHUANIAN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR / DARBUOTOJŲ SAUGOS IR SVEIKATOS TEISĖS AKTŲ NAUDOJIMO MODELIAVIMAS LIETUVOS STATYBŲ SEKTORIUJE

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Liaudanskienė ◽  
Nerijus Varnas ◽  
Leonas Ustinovichius
Keyword(s):  
Work Productivity ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Workplace Health ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Safe Work ◽  
Safety Indices

Being one of the largest European industry branches, construction is also characterized by some of the worst workplace health and safety indices in the region. On average, workers at construction sites face double the chance of non‐fatal accidents at work compared with workers from other EU sectors. With a view to reducing the number of accidents and occupational illnesses in the construction sector, numerous legal acts have been passed and consistently implemented within recent decades, which allowed improving work conditions in the EU member countries. Although EU legal acts apply in Lithuania, the increase in accidents at work in the construction sector is reflected in the statistics. To prevent accidents at work and occupational illnesses, as well as increase work productivity and job satisfaction, the implementation of measures ensuring safe work at construction sites becomes a necessity. Work safety in various construction processes can be achieved not only by making use of collective and personal protective equipment, occupational risk assessment, employee instruction and training on safety at work, but also by properly organizing work and creating proper working conditions. In order to ensure safe work for construction workers, knowledge and application of standard legal acts is necessary. Santrauka Statyba ‐ viena iš didžiausių Europos pramonės šakų. Šio sektoriaus darbuotojų saugos ir sveikatos rodikliai yra vieni prasčiausių regione. Palyginti su kitu ES sektorių darbuotojais, statybose dirbantiems darbininkams kyla vidutiniškai dvigubai didesnė nemirtinų nelaimingų atsitikimų tikimybė. Siekiant sumažinti nelaimingų atsitikimų ir profesinių ligų skaičių statybų sektoriuje, per kelis pastaruosius dešimtmečius buvo priimta ir nuosekliai taikyta daug teisės aktų, leidusių pagerinti darbo salygas ES valstybėse narėse. Nors Lietuvoje įgyvendinti ES teises aktai, tačiau statistikos duomenys byloja apie nelaimingų atsitikimų statybos sektoriuje augimą. Norint užkirsti kelia nelaimingiems atsitikimams ir profesinėms ligoms, pagerinti darbo našumą, darbuotoju pasitenkinimą darbu, būtina imtis priemonių, užtikrinančių saugų darbą statybvietėse. Atsižvelgiant i tai, kad, vykdant įvairius statybos procesus, saugų darbą gali užtikrinti ne tik kolektyvinių bei asmeninių priemonių naudojimas, profesinės rizikos įvertinimas, darbuotojų instruktavimas ir mokymas saugos klausimais, nelaimingų atsitikimų bei profesinių ligų išvengimą gali garantuoti tinkamas darbu organizavimas ir darbo salygų sudarymas. Norint tinkamai užtikrinti saugų darbą statybose dirbantiems darbininkams, būtina išmanyti ir vykdyti norminius teises aktus.

Hazard and safety evaluation in construction sites in Malaysia: A case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fathullah ◽  
N. R. Nik Yusoff ◽  
Vertic Eridani Budi Darmawan ◽  
C. P. Yong ◽  
C. G. Eng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Construction Sites

Physiologic Studies Provide New Perspectives on Early Speech Development

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Erin M. Wilson ◽  
Ignatius S. B. Nip
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Facial Motion ◽  
Disordered Speech ◽  
Speech Motor ◽  
Physiologic Data

Abstract Although certain speech development milestones are readily observable, the developmental course of speech motor control is largely unknown. However, recent advances in facial motion tracking systems have been used to investigate articulator movements in children and the findings from these studies are being used to further our understanding of the physiologic basis of typical and disordered speech development. Physiologic work has revealed that the emergence of speech is highly dependent on the lack of flexibility in the early oromotor system. It also has been determined that the progression of speech motor development is non-linear, a finding that has motivated researchers to investigate how variables such as oromotor control, cognition, and linguistic factors affect speech development in the form of catalysts and constraints. Physiologic data are also being used to determine if non-speech oromotor behaviors play a role in the development of speech. This improved understanding of the physiology underlying speech, as well as the factors influencing its progression, helps inform our understanding of speech motor control in children with disordered speech and provide a framework for theory-driven therapeutic approaches to treatment.

Safety evaluation of weightlifting apparatus

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Beyer ◽  
T. J. Ayres ◽  
J. A. Mandell ◽  
J. Giffard ◽  
M. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation

Einfluss der Bildrate auf die Strainanalyse bei zweidimensionalem Wall Motion Tracking in der fetalen Echokardiografie

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Enzensberger ◽  
L Rostock ◽  
M Götte ◽  
A Wolter ◽  
J Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Wall Motion
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