scholarly journals Special Issue: Musculoskeletal Models in a Clinical Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6250
Author(s):  
Carlo Albino Frigo
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Interactive Graphics ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Musculoskeletal Models

After the pioneering work of Scott Delp and colleagues dated 1990 (An interactive graphics-based model of the lower extremity to study orthopaedic surgical procedures, [...]

An interactive graphics-based model of the lower extremity to study orthopaedic surgical procedures

1990 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 757-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Delp ◽  
J.P. Loan ◽  
M.G. Hoy ◽  
F.E. Zajac ◽  
E.L. Topp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Interactive Graphics

Anesthesia blocks of the lower extremity. Comparing the Biojector with needle and syringe

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gerbert ◽  
S Burns ◽  
LA Liedtke
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
If Technique

Podiatric surgical procedures frequently involve administration of preoperative local anesthesia, and because of the nature of these blocks, it is believed that needle-free injection could greatly enhance this aspect of clinical practice. The object of the study was to determine if needle-free injections with the Biojector were equivalent to needle and syringe injections for ankle, Mayo, neuroma, hallux, and digital anesthetic blocks. The results indicate that needle-free injection with the Biojector is equal to needle and syringe for some anesthesia blocks. More research in this area is needed to determine if technique with the Biojector has an impact on time of anesthesia onset or on level of discomfort and ecchymosis.

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia after lower extremity arterial surgical procedures

2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-303
Author(s):  
S.W. Tucker ◽  
H. Liebman ◽  
V.L. Rowe ◽  
D.B. Hood ◽  
F.A. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia

scholarly journals Accuracy of Muscle Moment Arms Estimated from MRI-Based Musculoskeletal Models of the Lower Extremity

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Arnold ◽  
Silvia Salinas ◽  
Deanna J. Hakawa ◽  
Scott L. Delp
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Moment Arms ◽  
Musculoskeletal Models

Ground Reaction Forces and Lower Extremity Kinematics When Running With Suppressed Arm Swing

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross H. Miller ◽  
Graham E. Caldwell ◽  
Richard E. A. Van Emmerik ◽  
Brian R. Umberger ◽  
Joseph Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Musculoskeletal Models ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Arm Motion ◽  
Hip Flexion

The role of arm swing in running has been minimally described, and the contributions of arm motion to lower extremity joint kinematics and external force generation are unknown. These contributions may have implications in the design of musculoskeletal models for computer simulations of running, since previous models have usually not included articulating arm segments. 3D stance phase lower extremity joint angles and ground reaction forces (GRFs) were determined for seven subjects running normally, and running under two conditions of arm restraint. When arm swing was suppressed, the peak vertical GRF decreased by 10–13% bodyweight, and the peak lateral GRF increased by 4–6% bodyweight. Changes in peak joint angles on the order of 1–5 deg were observed for hip flexion, hip adduction, knee flexion, knee adduction, and ankle abduction. The effect sizes (ES) were small to moderate (ES<0.8) for most of the peak GRF differences, but large (ES>0.8) for most of the peak joint angle differences. These changes suggest that suppression of arm swing induces subtle but statistically significant changes in the kinetic and kinematic patterns of running. However, the salient features of the GRFs and the joint angles were present in all conditions, and arm swing did not introduce any major changes in the timing of these data, as indicated by cross correlations. The decision to include arm swing in a computer model will likely need to be made on a case-by-case basis, depending on the design of the study and the accuracy needed to answer the research question.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Thigh And Shank Marker Quantity On Lower Extremity Kinematics Using A Constrained Model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise A Slater ◽  
Todd J. Hullfish ◽  
Josh R. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Associate Editor ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Intellectual Content ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Musculoskeletal Models ◽  
Soft Tissue Artifact ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMusculoskeletal models are commonly used to quantify joint motions and loads during human motion. Constraining joint kinematics simplifies these models but the implications of the number of markers used during data acquisition remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of marker placement and quantity on kinematic fidelity when using a constrained-kinematic model. We hypothesized that a constrained-kinematic model would faithfully reproduce lower extremity kinematics regardless of the number of tracking markers removed from the thigh and shank. Healthy-young adults (N = 10) walked on a treadmill at slow, moderate, and fast speeds while skin-mounted markers were tracked using motion capture. Lower extremity kinematics were calculated for 256 combinations of leg and shank markers to establish the implications of marker placement and quantity on joint kinematics. Sagittal joint and hip coronal kinematics errors were smaller than documented errors caused by soft-tissue artifact, which tends to be approximately 5 degrees, when excluding thigh and shank markers. Joint angle and center kinematic errors negatively correlated with the number of markers included in the analyses (R2 > 0.97) and typically showed the greatest error reductions when two markers were included. Further, we demonstrated that a simplified marker set that included markers on the pelvis, lateral knee condyle, lateral malleolus, and shoes produced kinematics that strongly agreed with the traditional marker set. In conclusion, constrained-kinematic models are resilient to marker placement and quantity, which has implications on study design and post-processing workflows.Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Pennsylvania (#824466). Subjects provided written-informed consentConsent to Publish this submission does not contain any individual dataAvailability of Data and Materials the datasets analyzed in this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Competing Interests one author (JB) is an associate editor for BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. None of the other authors have any competing interests.Funding no funding has been provided for this researchAuthors’ ContributionsAS, TH, and JB designed the experiment; AS and TH collected the data; AS and JB analyzed and interpreted the data; AS and JB drafted the manuscript; AS, TH, and JB revised the intellectual content of the manuscript; AS, TH, and JB approved the final version of the manuscript; and AS, TH, and JB agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the study.

Trends in lower extremity surgical and endovascular revascularization in Germany

VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eickmeyer ◽  
Moysidis ◽  
Nowak ◽  
Fifer ◽  
Santosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Endovascular Procedures ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cutting Balloon ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Laser Recanalization

Background: We analyzed trends in lower extremity endovascular and open surgical procedures in hospitalized patients in Germany. Patients and methods: We used national statistics (DRG statistics) published by the Federal Statistical Office including data from almost all hospitals in Germany to calculate annual procedure rates of lower extremity endovascular and open surgical procedures in the years 2005 to 2008. Detailed lists of the OPS-codes 8 - 836, 5 - 381, 5 - 393 separated by the 6th number of the code were analyzed regarding procedures representing revascularization of peripheral arteries including the aorta. Results: Between 2005 and 2008 the total number of endovascular procedures increased from 73,584 to 98,664 and the number of surgical procedures from 74,789 to 86,172 a year. Age-adjusted incidence rates of endovascular procedures in people >= 65 years increased from 325 to 432 per 100,000 while the incidence rates of all open surgical procedures increased from 315 to 351 per 100.000. Looking only at bypass surgery the incidence remained unchanged with 177 and 176 per 100,000 in the same period. Endovascular procedures other than balloon angioplasty including percutaneous atherectomy, laser recanalization or usage of cutting balloon, account for less than 1 % in Germany. Conclusions: The numbers of endovascular procedures overweigh the numbers of open surgical procedures for treatment of lower extremity PAD in Germany today. In contrast to data from the USA we could not demonstrate a decrease of open surgical procedures in Germany in recent years.

scholarly journals Forearm Compartment Syndrome Caused by Reperfusion Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Sayar ◽  
Tanıl Özer ◽  
İlker Mataracı
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Vascular Surgical Procedures ◽  
Forearm Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Lower Extremity Ischemia ◽  
Extremity Ischemia

Compartment syndrome is commonly seen following lower extremity ischemia. However, upper extremities’ compartment syndrome, especially after any vascular surgical procedures, is infrequent. Herein we report a case of an acute forearm compartment syndrome that was developed after delayed brachial artery embolectomy.

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