scholarly journals Thermal and Mechanical Assessment of PLA-SEBS and PLA-SEBS-CNT Biopolymer Blends for 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6218
Author(s):  
Balázs Ádám ◽  
Zoltán Weltsch
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Partial Fracture ◽  
The Impact

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most promising biopolymers often used as a raw material in 3D printing in many industrial areas. It has good mechanical properties, is characterized by high strength and stiffness, but unfortunately, it has some disadvantages; one is brittleness, and the other is slow crystallization. Amounts of 1–5% SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) thermoplastic elastomer were blended into the PLA and the thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) measurements on the filaments have shown that SEBS increases the initial temperature of crystallization, thereby acting as a nucleating agent. The cooling rate of 3D printing, on the other hand, is too fast for PLA, so printed specimens behave almost amorphously. The presence of SEBS increases the impact strength, neck formation appears during the tensile test, and in the bending test, the mixture either suffers partial fracture or only bends without fracture. Samples containing 1% SEBS were selected for further analysis, mixed with 0.06 and 0.1% carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and tested for thermal and mechanical properties. As a result of CNTs, another peak appeared on the DSC curve in addition to the original single-peak crystallization, and the specimens previously completely broken in the mechanical tests suffered partial fractures, and the partially fractured pieces almost completely regained their original shape at the end of the test.

scholarly journals Morpho-Structural, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of PLA/PHB/Cellulose Biodegradable Nanocomposites Obtained by Compression Molding, Extrusion, and 3D Printing

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Nicoleta Frone ◽  
Dan Batalu ◽  
Ioana Chiulan ◽  
Madalina Oprea ◽  
Augusta Raluca Gabor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reactive Blending ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
The Impact

Biodegradable blends and nanocomposites were produced from polylactic acid (PLA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and cellulose nanocrystals (NC) by a single step reactive blending process using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a cross-linking agent. With the aim of gaining more insight into the impact of processing methods upon the morphological, thermal and mechanical properties of these nanocomposites, three different processing techniques were employed: compression molding, extrusion, and 3D printing. The addition of DCP improved interfacial adhesion and the dispersion of NC in nanocomposites as observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The carbonyl index calculated from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed increased crystallinity after DCP addition in PLA/PHB and PLA/PHB/NC, also confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry analyses. NC and DCP showed nucleating activity and favored the crystallization of PLA, increasing its crystallinity from 16% in PLA/PHB to 38% in DCP crosslinked blend and to 43% in crosslinked PLA/PHB/NC nanocomposite. The addition of DCP also influenced the melting-recrystallization processes due to the generation of lower molecular weight products with increased mobility. The thermo-mechanical characterization of uncross-linked and cross-linked PLA/PHB blends and nanocomposites showed the influence of the processing technique. Higher storage modulus values were obtained for filaments obtained by extrusion and 3D printed meshes compared to compression molded films. Similarly, the thermogravimetric analysis showed an increase of the onset degradation temperature, even with more than 10 °C for PLA/PHB blends and nanocomposites after extrusion and 3D-printing, compared with compression molding. This study shows that PLA/PHB products with enhanced interfacial adhesion, improved thermal stability, and mechanical properties can be obtained by the right choice of the processing method and conditions using NC and DCP for balancing the properties.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effects of Titanate as Coupling Agent and Some Inorganic Nanoparticles as Fillers on Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Soft PVC

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Hajian ◽  
Gholam Ali Koohmareh ◽  
Afsaneh Mostaghasi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nanoscale Particles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The effects of titanate as a coupling agent and some particulate nanoscale particles such as TiO2, CaCO3, and ZnO on thermal and mechanical properties of emulsion polyvinylchloride (E-PVC) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical tests. In this research, it was found that, in the presence of nanoparticles of CaCO3, TiO2, and ZnO, the peak temperature of dehydrochlorination of E-PVC was shifted to higher temperatures, and the rate of mass loss was decreased. Also results of differential scanning calorimetry showed that the addition of nanoparticle of CaCO3, TiO2, and ZnO led to an increase in glass transition temperature. The impact strength, elastic modulus and toughness of the samples were enhanced after addition of 0–10 part of filer in hundred parts of resin (phr) nano-CaCO3, nano-TiO2, and nano-ZnO due to improvement of compatibility of the polymer and the nano-particles. Also UV and thermal stability of the samples were enhanced by means of the nanoparticles. It was found that, in the presence of titanate as coupling agent, content of additives that could be used in the composite of PVC shifts to higher amounts.

scholarly journals Reinforcing polypropylene with calcium carbonate of different morphologies and polymorphs

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwei Jing ◽  
Xueying Nai ◽  
Li Dang ◽  
Donghai Zhu ◽  
Yabin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallization Property ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The influence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with different polymorphs (calcite and aragonite) and morphologies (granular and rod-like) on mechanical and crystallization properties of polypropylene (PP) was investigated. Meanwhile, these CaCO3 fillers coated with oleic acid were added in different contents to PP. The results indicate that the tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus, and crystallization property of the filler-treated samples are improved, but the impact strength decreased. The crystallinity of the composites is higher than that of neat PP. Moreover, in the rod shape filler-treated sample, in both whisker species, the mechanical properties of composites are superior to the particles filled. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and mechanical tests display that calcite whisker-reinforced composite has higher crystallization enthalpy, melting enthalpy, degree of crystallinity, and mechanical properties than aragonite whiskers and calcite particles filled composites.

Effect of ABS/PMMA/EMA ternary blending sequence on mechanical properties and surface glossiness

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ding ◽  
Zhen Ming Yue ◽  
Jiao Sun ◽  
Ji Cui Zhou ◽  
Jun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Izod Impact ◽  
Blending Sequence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene (ABS)/poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA)/ethylene methacrylate (EMA) composites were prepared with different blending sequences. All ABS/PMMA/EMA copolymers were designed to achieve the same total chemical composition, in which ABS/PMMA was equal to 80/20 and EMA was fixed at 6 wt%. The effects of different blending sequences on the mechanical and optical properties of ABS/PMMA/EMA blends were investigated. Results indicated that the tensile strengths of ABS/PMMA/EMA blends with different blending sequences were slightly affected, whereas the Izod impact strength of blends significantly varied. The impact toughness of the blends, in which PMMA/EMA was initially blended and then combined with ABS, was approximately twice that of the other blends. This blending sequence also had surface glossiness that was superior to those of the other blends. Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy further revealed that blending sequence influenced the phase miscibility and dispersion of the blends, which led to different mechanical and optical properties.

scholarly journals The research of the thermal and mechanical properties of materials produced by 3D printing method

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 4) ◽  
pp. 1211-1216
Author(s):  
Adam Gnatowski ◽  
Agnieszka Kijo-Kleczkowska ◽  
Henryk Otwinowski ◽  
Piotr Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

A comparative analysis of thermal properties of semi-crystalline and amorphous polymeric materials was carried out. Samples were produced using 3D printing technology on the SIGNAL-ATMAT printer. The following polymeric materials were used to make the samples: thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, acryloni-trile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, Laywood, ethylene terephthalate, poly (lactic acid). The materials were tested for their thermal and mechanical properties. The research included the analysis of thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry of manufactured materials. The tensile strength also was determined.

scholarly journals Influence of Sawdust Particle Sizes on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Unfired Clay Blocks

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Nusrat Jannat ◽  
Rafal Latif Al-Mufti ◽  
Aseel Hussien ◽  
Badr Abdullah ◽  
Alison Cotgrave
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Capillary Water ◽  
Water Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Capillary Water Absorption ◽  
The Impact

Sawdust, which is a waste/by-product of the wood/timber industry, can be utilised as a valuable raw material in building material production due to its abundance and low cost. However, the application of sawdust in the manufacture of unfired clay blocks has received little investigation. Furthermore, the impact of different sawdust particle sizes on the properties of unfired clay blocks has not been studied. Therefore, this study screened sawdust at three different particle sizes: SP-a (212 μm < x < 300 μm), SP-b (425 μm < x < 600 μm) and SP-c (1.18 mm < x < 2.00 mm), to examine their effects on the physical and mechanical properties of unfired clay blocks. The density, linear shrinkage, capillary water absorption and flexural and compressive strengths were among the tests performed. Different sawdust percentages, i.e., 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of the total weight of the clay, were considered. The tests results show that when sawdust was added to the mixture, the density of the samples reduced for all particle sizes. However, the linear shrinkage increased in SP-a samples but decreased in the other two particle size samples as the sawdust percentage increased from 2.5% to 10%. On the other hand, the capillary water absorption coefficient increased while the strength decreased with increasing sawdust content for all three groups. The highest compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS) were achieved at 2.5% of sawdust content. Furthermore, it was observed that SP-b (CS—4.74 MPa, FS—2.00 MPa) samples showed the highest strength followed by SP-a (CS—4.09 MPa, FS—1.69 MPa) and SP-c (CS—3.90 MPa, FS—1.63 MPa) samples. Consequently, good-quality unfired clay blocks can be manufactured using sawdust up to 2.5% with particle sizes ranging between 600 and 425 μm.

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber/Rice Starch Interpenetrating Network Hydrogel

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Warisada Sila-On ◽  
Jatuporn Pratoomted ◽  
Utsana Puapermpoonsiri ◽  
Chaiwute Vudjung ◽  
Wiwat Pichayakorn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Interpenetrating Networks ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Novel hydrogels based on natural rubber latex (NRL) and rice starch (RSt) (1:2 ratio) were prepared with various amount of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and 2.5 phr of maleic acid to form interpenetrating networks (IPN) using free-radical polymerization technique. The thermal and mechanical properties were performed by differential scanning calorimetry and mechanical tests. From data obtained, the change in Tg of rubber and melting point of RSt indicated that polymer-polymer interaction could be formed in IPN hydrogel. The higher amount addition of MBA created more mechanical strength of IPN hydrogels caused by the higher of interlacement formation. However, their mechanical strength of such hydrogels was lower than that of NRL alone due to the formation of amorphous structure in IPN hydrogel. These IPN hydrogels also improved the swelling property which will be utilized for wound healing application.

scholarly journals Effects of Kaolin Surface Treatments on the Thermomechanical Properties and on the Degradation of Polypropylene

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melia Guessoum ◽  
Sorya Nekkaa ◽  
Françoise Fenouillot-Rimlinger ◽  
Nacerddine Haddaoui
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Silane Coupling

The effects of kaolin content and treatments on the thermal and mechanical properties and on the degradation of polypropylene were examined using mechanical tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetry (TGA). The weak interactions filler/matrix have been reinforced using a modification with urea then with an ammonium salt and a surface treatment with a silane coupling agent. The XRD results showed that the peak at thed-value of 10.7 Å increases in urea/kaolin complex, but the treatment with the ammonium salt caused the return to the initial state of the clay. FTIR results showed the appearance of new bands characteristic of the interactions between urea and kaolinite and the alkylammonium and kaolinite. The mechanical properties of the composites exhibited important variations while the DSC results showed the decrease of the crystallization temperature as a function of kaolin content. TGA thermograms pointed out the improvement of the composites' thermal stability.

scholarly journals Dry-Jet Wet Spinning of Thermally Stable Lignin-Textile Grade Polyacrylonitrile Fibers Regenerated from Chloride-Based Ionic Liquids Compounds

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3687
Author(s):  
Muhannad Al Aiti ◽  
Amit Das ◽  
Mikko Kanerva ◽  
Maija Järventausta ◽  
Petri Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Coagulation Bath ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of

In this paper, we report on the use of amorphous lignin, a waste by-product of the paper industry, for the production of high performance carbon fibers (CF) as precursor with improved thermal stability and thermo-mechanical properties. The precursor was prepared by blending of lignin with polyacrylonitrile (PAN), which was previously dissolved in an ionic liquid. The fibers thus produced offered very high thermal stability as compared with the fiber consisting of pure PAN. The molecular compatibility, miscibility, and thermal stability of the system were studied by means of shear rheological measurements. The achieved mechanical properties were found to be related to the temperature-dependent relaxation time (consistence parameter) of the spinning dope and the diffusion kinetics of the ionic liquids from the fibers into the coagulation bath. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical tests (DMA) were utilized to understand in-depth the thermal and the stabilization kinetics of the developed fibers and the impact of lignin on the stabilization process of the fibers. Low molecular weight lignin increased the thermally induced physical shrinkage, suggesting disturbing effects on the semi-crystalline domains of the PAN matrix, and suppressed the chemically induced shrinkage of the fibers. The knowledge gained throughout the present paper allows summarizing a novel avenue to develop lignin-based CF designed with adjusted thermal stability.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Spruce Wood Extracted from GLT Beams Loaded by Fire

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5494
Author(s):  
Lucie Kucíková ◽  
Michal Šejnoha ◽  
Tomáš Janda ◽  
Jan Sýkora ◽  
Pavel Padevět ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermal Recovery ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
The Impact

Heating wood to high temperature changes either temporarily or permanently its physical properties. This issue is addressed in the present contribution by examining the effect of high temperature on residual mechanical properties of spruce wood, grounding on the results of full-scale fire tests performed on GLT beams. Given these tests, a computational model was developed to provide through-thickness temperature profiles allowing for the estimation of a charring depth on the one hand and on the other hand assigning a particular temperature to each specimen used subsequently in small-scale tensile tests. The measured Young’s moduli and tensile strengths were accompanied by the results from three-point bending test carried out on two groups of beams exposed to fire of a variable duration and differing in the width of the cross-section, b=100 mm (Group 1) and b=160 mm (Group 2). As expected, increasing the fire duration and reducing the initial beam cross-section reduces the residual bending strength. A negative impact of high temperature on residual strength has also been observed from simple tensile tests, although limited to a very narrow layer adjacent to the charring front not even exceeding a typically adopted value of the zero-strength layer d0=7 mm. On the contrary, the impact on stiffness is relatively mild supporting the thermal recovery property of wood.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document