scholarly journals Influencing Factors Analysis and Simulation Calibration of Restitution Coefficient of Rice Grain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5884
Author(s):  
Jinwu Wang ◽  
Changsu Xu ◽  
Yanan Xu ◽  
Ziming Wang ◽  
Xin Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Restitution Coefficient ◽  
Collision Velocity ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
The Impact

It is difficult to determine the coefficient of restitution accurately due to the small size, light weight, and complex influencing factors of rice grain. In the study, the experimental principle of restitution coefficient was described by the impact method, and the restitution coefficients of four typical rice varieties in Northeast China were measured. According to the orthogonal experiment, the primary and secondary factors affecting the restitution coefficient of rice grain were collision material, spring compression (initial collision velocity), moisture content, and rice variety. A single factor test was carried out for the significant factors, and the results showed that: The restitution coefficient of rice grain to a Q235 steel plate, plexiglass plate, seed plate, and rubber plate decreased in turn, and the restitution coefficient gradually decreased with the increase of spring compression (initial collision velocity), and with the increase of water content. The restitution coefficient was obtained by a bench test and simulation test, and the results were 0.429 and 0.423, respectively. The reason for the error was discussed and analyzed, which effectively verified the validity of the measurement of the restitution coefficient of small grain size. This study provides a method for the determination of the restitution coefficient of small grain, and provides a reference for the optimization design of threshing and a cleaning device of the combine harvester and high-speed precision seeder.

scholarly journals Comparison of Morphological and Physicochemical Properties of a Floury Rice Variety upon Pre-Harvest Sprouting

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Chae-Min Han ◽  
Jong-Hee Shin ◽  
Jung-Bae Kwon ◽  
Jong-Soo Kim ◽  
Jong-Gun Won ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Starch Structure ◽  
Gelatinization Properties

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) severely reduces rice grain yield, significantly affects grain quality, and leads to substantial economic loss. In this study, we aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties and processing quality of the Garumi 2 flour rice variety under PHS conditions and compare them with those of the Seolgaeng, Hangaru, Shingil, and Ilpum rice varieties and the Keumkang wheat variety. Analysis of the molecular structure of starch revealed uniform starch granules, increased proportions of short-chain amylopectin in DP 6–12 (51.0–55.3%), and enhanced crystallinity (30.7–35.7%) in rice varieties for flour compared with the Ilpum cooking rice variety. PHS significantly altered the starch structure and gelatinization properties of Garumi 2. It also caused surface pitting and roughness in Garumi 2 starch granules and decreased their crystallinity. Collectively, the findings of this study provide important novel insights into the effects of PHS on the physicochemical properties of Garumi 2 floury rice for flour.

Impact of Sulfur Pollution Silver Cage on Bearing Operating Performance

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingxiang Yang ◽  
Yulin Qi ◽  
Le Gu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Silver Sulfide ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Friction Property ◽  
Friction Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
System Power ◽  
Financial Losses

Sulfur pollution on the silver cage leads to discoloration. Depot rework of silvered bearing cage caused by discoloration leads to great financial losses. In this paper, using a self-made high speed bearing bench test apparatus and the ball disc friction test machine assess the impact of sulfur pollution silver cage on bearing operating performance. The friction property of cage study on the ball disc friction test machine shows that the friction coefficient of silver sulfide film bearing cage is lower than that without pollution. The results from bearing bench test illustrates that the system power loss with sulfur pollution is slightly lower than that without pollution, and the sulfur pollution has little effect on bearing temperature rise. From the experimental results obtained, there is no necessary depot rework for the sulfur pollution sliver bearing cage from the perspective of the use of performance.

scholarly journals Grain Inorganic Arsenic Content in Rice Managed Through Targeted Introgressions and Irrigation Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina P. Fernández-Baca ◽  
Anna M. McClung ◽  
Jeremy D. Edwards ◽  
Eton E. Codling ◽  
Vangimalla R. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
The Impact

Arsenic (As) accumulation in rice grain is a significant public health concern. Inorganic As (iAs) is of particular concern because it has increased toxicity as compared to organic As. Irrigation management practices, such as alternate wetting and drying (AWD), as well as genotypic differences between cultivars, have been shown to influence As accumulation in rice grain. A 2 year field study using a Lemont × TeQing backcross introgression line (TIL) mapping population examined the impact of genotype and AWD severity on iAs grain concentrations. The “Safe”-AWD [35–40% soil volumetric water content (VWC)] treatment did not reduce grain iAs levels, whereas the more severe AWD30 (25–30% VWC) consistently reduced iAs concentrations across all genotypes. The TILs displayed a range of iAs concentrations by genotype, from less than 10 to up to 46 μg kg–1 under AWD30 and from 28 to 104 μg kg–1 under Safe-AWD. TIL grain iAs concentrations for flood treatments across both years ranged from 26 to 127 μg kg–1. Additionally, seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified in the mapping population associated with grain iAs. A subset of eight TILs and their parents were grown to confirm field-identified grain iAs QTLs in a controlled greenhouse environment. Greenhouse results confirmed the genotypic grain iAs patterns observed in the field; however, iAs concentrations were higher under greenhouse conditions as compared to the field. In the greenhouse, the number of days under AWD was negatively correlated with grain iAs concentrations. Thus, longer drying periods to meet the same soil VWC resulted in lower grain iAs levels. Both the number and combinations of iAs-affecting QTLs significantly impacted grain iAs concentrations. Therefore, identifying more grain iAs-affecting QTLs could be important to inform future breeding efforts for low iAs rice varieties. Our study suggests that coupling AWD practices targeting a soil VWC of less than or equal to 30% coupled with the use of cultivars developed to possess multiple QTLs that negatively regulate grain iAs concentrations will be helpful in mitigating exposure of iAs from rice consumption.

scholarly journals By-products of drawings - biological raw materials for alternative energy production

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Maruschak ◽  
◽  
M. M. Lisovoy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Selection Of Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Emphasis is placed on the efficiency of production of alternative types of biofuels by rational selection of species and the intensity of biomass formation of plants of the appropriate chemical composition. It is determined that favorable natural and climatic conditions of the South of Ukraine, the presence of built rice irrigation systems make it possible to obtain high yields of high quality rice grain, while forming significant amounts of by-products in the form of straw, husk, flour, which are a source of solid biofuel.As a result of research of bioenergetic potential of Ukrainian rice varieties it is shown that the highest values of energy yield under the use of by-products (straw and husk) are characterized by Viscount and Premium varieties, which studied to determine the impact of agronomic factors on the formation of rice productivity. straw and husks as sources of bioenergy plant raw materials as solid biofuels.

scholarly journals KERAGAAN MORFOLOGI DAN HASIL VARIETAS UNGGUL BARU PADI DENGAN PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU DILAHAN SAWAH TADAH HUJAN KABUPATEN JEPARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Budi Winarto ◽  
Sodiq Jauhari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
Integrated Crop Management ◽  
Significant Difference

<p><strong>Morphology Performances and Yield of New Superior</strong><strong> Rice Variety with Integrated Crop Management in Rainfedland Jepara District</strong>. One constraint for increasing rice production in rainfedland Jepara District is the availability of adaptive improved rice varieties with high yield. The purpose of this assessment are: (1) to analyze the morphological performance and yield potential of some new superior varieties in rainfedland Jepara District (2) to assess the level of main rice pest and diseases attack and the presence of natural pest’s enemies, and (3) to assess the responses and perceptions of farmers towards integrated crop management applications in rice production. The assessment was conducted in ranfedland Mayong Kidul Village, Mayong Sub-district, Jepara District by involving Lestari Farmer’s Group on the second planting season of 2015. The assessment also employed A Randomized Block Design with three replications and rice variety as treament: Inpari-30, Inpari-31, Inpari-10, Conde, mekongga and varietas Ciherang as the control variety.  The collected data of morphology and rice yield were analyzed using analysis of variance,  then the mean difference values between treatments was further tested using the least significant difference test at p = 0.05. The results showed that there were influences of rice varieties on plant height, number of tillers, pests and diseaces as well as yield and yield component of the five rice varieties. The Mekongga variety is the most suitable rice variety that could be used in rainfedland in order to improve rice productivity in rainfedland of Jepara District. This variety could produce dry rice grain up to 6.8 tons/ha, with 105.5 cm plant height, 14.1 productive tillers, 23.7 cm panicle length 566 and 176 number of filled and empty grains 5 panicles respectively, 4.5 pest and diceases attack level, and is able to increase grain yield up to 30.7% compared to that of control variety. Respondent farmers have a positive perception to the concept of integrated crop management with a value of 68.3%. The implication of these results is that the utilization of new superior rice varieties especially Mekongga have a high potential for improving rice productivity in rainfedland of Jepara District. <em></em></p><p> <strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>New Superior Rice Varieties,</em><em> rainfedland, ICM, Jepara</em></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Keragaan Morfologi dan Hasil Varietas Unggul Baru Padi dengan Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu di Kabupaten Jepara.  Salah satu kendala peningkatan produktivitas padi di lahan sawah tadah hujan Kabupaten Jepara adalah ketersediaan varietas unggul yang adaptif dengan produktivitas tinggi. Tujuan pengkajian ini adalah (1) mengkaji keragaan morfologi dan potensi hasil beberapa VUB padi di lahan sawah tadah hujan (2) mengkaji tingkat serangan hama dan penyakit utama padi serta keberadaan musuh alami hama, dan (3) mengkaji respon dan persepsi petani terhadap penerapan PTT padi. Pengkajian dilakukan di lahan sawah tadah hujan Desa Mayong Kidul Kecamatan Mayong Kabupaten Jepara, Kelompok Tani Lestari pada musim tanam ke-2 tahun 2015<em>. </em>Pengkajian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan dan sebagai perlakuan adalah varietas padi: Inpari-30, Inpari-31, Inpari-10, Conde dan mekongga serta varietas Ciherang sebagai pembanding. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian (anova), selanjutnya perbedaan nilai tengah antar perlakuan diuji lanjut menggunakan uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT) pada p=0.05. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh nyata varietas padi terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, perkembangan OPT, hasil dan komponen hasil gabah dari kelima varietas tanaman padi yang diuji. Varietas Mekongga merupakan VUB padi yang paling sesuai ditanam di lokasi pengkajian dalam rangka meningkatkan produktivitas padi. Varietas ini menghasilkan gabah kering giling hingga 6.8 ton/ha, tinggi tanaman 105.5 cm, jumlah anakan produktif 14.1, panjang malai  23.7 cm, jumlah gabah bernas 566 butir  per 5 malai, jumlah gabah hampa 176 gabah hampa per 5 malai dan tingkat serangan OPT 4,5%, serta  mampu meningkatkan hasil gabah hingga 30.7% dibanding kontrol. Petani juga memiliki persepsi positif terhadap konsep PTT dengan nilai mencapai 68.3%. Implikasi hasil kajian ini adalah pemanfaatan VUB padi terutama Mekongga memiliki potensi tinggi dalam meningkatkan produktivitas padi di lahan sawah tadah hujan Kabupaten Jepara.</p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: <em>VUB padi, tadah hujan, PTT, Jepara</em></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Simulating the Impact of Climate Change on Rice Phenology and Grain Yield in Irrigated Drylands of Central Asia

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2033-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Devkota ◽  
A. M. Manschadi ◽  
M. Devkota ◽  
J. P. A. Lamers ◽  
E. Ruzibaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRice is the second major food crop in central Asia. Climate change may greatly affect the rice production in the region. This study quantifies the effects of projected increases in temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration on the phenological development and grain yield of rice using the “ORYZA2000” simulation model. The model was parameterized and validated on the basis of datasets from three field experiments with three widely cultivated rice varieties under various seeding dates in the 2008–09 growing seasons in the Khorezm region of Uzbekistan. The selected rice varieties represent short-duration (SD), medium-duration (MD), and long-duration (LD) maturity types. The model was linked with historical climate data (1970–99) and temperatures and CO2 concentrations projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for the B1 and A1F1 scenarios for the period 2040–69 to explore rice growth and yield formation at eight emergence dates from early May to mid-July. Simulation results with historical daily weather data reveal a close relationship between seeding date and rice grain yield. Optimal emergence dates were 25 June for SD, 5 June for MD, and 26 May for LD varieties. Under both climate change scenarios, the seeding dates could be delayed by 10 days. Increased temperature and CO2 concentration resulted in higher rice grain yields. However, seeding rice before and after the optimal seeding dates reduced crop yield and yield stability significantly because of spikelet sterility induced by both high and low temperatures. As the grain yield of SD varieties could be adversely affected by climate change, rice breeding programs for central Asia should focus on developing appropriate heat-tolerant MD and LD varieties.

Potential of cinosulfuron and CGA152005 seed treatment for control of Striga hermonthica in upland rice

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Adagba ◽  
T. O. Lagoke ◽  
B. N. Singh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Four Levels

Field trials were conducted in the dry and wet seasons of 1998 at Samaru (11°11' N, 07° 38' E, 686 m above sea level) in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria, to investigate the potential of cinosulfuron and CGA152005 seed treatments on the reaction of upland rice varieties to Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. Seven varieties of upland rice formed the main plots treatments while four levels each of cinosulfuron at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/l and CGA152005 at 0.008, 0.016, 0.032 and 0.064 g/l, as well as two no herbicide treatments of dry sowing and distilled water-soaked planting were assigned to the subplots. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design and replicated three times. The resistant varieties FARO 40 and WAB 56-50 did not support Striga emergence and also produced grain yields which were the maximum, or comparable to the maximum. FARO 11, a susceptible variety, produced high grain yields in spite of support for early, high Striga emergence. In spite of delayed emergence of Striga on FARO 38 and FARO 48, these varieties, as well as FARO 46 and FARO 45, supported high Striga emergence, exhibited high crop reaction scores to Striga and produced low grain yields. The seed treatment of upland rice varieties with cinosulfuron at 0.2 to 0.6 g/l and CGA152005 at 0.032 and 0.064 g/l significantly delayed Striga emergence compared with the lower rates. After seed treatment with cinosulfuron at 0.6 g/l, the susceptible rice variety FARO 38 and the resistant variety WAB 56-50 produced rice grain yields comparable to the maximum obtained with FARO 40 given seed treatment with CGA 152005 at 0.064 g/l. The significant interactions of varieties of upland rice and herbicide seed treatments on the number of days to first Striga emergence, Striga shoot count and crop reaction to Striga confirm the differential influence of various concentrations of the herbicide seed treatments on the virulence of Striga hermonthica on varieties of upland rice.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Influence Mechanism of CO2 Emissions and Verification of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debin Fang ◽  
Peng Hao ◽  
Zhengxin Wang ◽  
Jian Hao
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Central China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The Impact

Changes in economic development stage and growth type will lead to variations in the CO2 emissions. Traditional empirical analysis of the variations often only considers the impact of influencing factors on CO2 emissions from a single dimension. Under the background of China’s economy transferring from high-speed growth to high-quality development, this paper comprehensively considers the characteristics of the relevant influencing factors under different development stages and growth rates, and further calculates the panel gray incidence degree between CO2 emissions and these influencing factors in eastern, central, and western China. Based on the different development conditions, corresponding benchmarks of the indicators for the three regions (eastern, western, and central China) are accordingly set, highlighting the unity as well as the uniqueness between different regions. Furthermore, this paper verifies the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in the three regions. The result shows that all the factors of per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Energy Intensity, Urbanization Level, and Trade Openness have a high correlation with CO2 emissions in the three regions, in which CO2 emissions are all between the two inflection points of the inverted N-shaped model.

scholarly journals Study on Behind Helmet Blunt Trauma Caused by High-Speed Bullet

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zhihua Cai ◽  
Xingyuan Huang ◽  
Yun Xia ◽  
Guibing Li ◽  
Zhuangqing Fan
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The mechanism of Behind Helmet Blunt Trauma (BHBT) caused by a high-speed bullet is difficult to understand. At present, there is still a lack of corresponding parameters and test methods to evaluate this damage effectively. The purpose of the current study is therefore to investigate the response of the human skull and brain tissue under the loading of a bullet impacting a bullet-proof helmet, with the effects of impact direction, impact speed, and impactor structure being considered. A human brain finite element model which can accurately reconstruct the anatomical structures of the scalp, skull, brain tissue, etc., and can realistically reflect the biomechanical response of the brain under high impact speed was employed in this study. The responses of Back Face Deformation (BFD), brain displacement, skull stress, and dura mater pressure were extracted from simulations as the parameters reflecting BHBT risk, and the relationships between BHBT and bullet-proof equipment structure and performance were also investigated. The simulation results show that the frontal impact of the skull produces the largest amount of BFD, and when the impact directions are from the side, the skull stress is about twice higher than other directions. As the impact velocity increases, BFD, brain displacement, skull stress, and dura mater pressure increase. The brain damage caused by different structural bullet bodies is different under the condition of the same kinetic energy. The skull stress caused by the handgun bullet is the largest. The findings indicate that when a bullet impacts on the bullet-proof helmet, it has a higher probability of causing brain displacement and intracranial high pressure. The research results can provide a reference value for helmet optimization design and antielasticity evaluation and provide the theoretical basis for protection and rescue.

Rice grain quality: an Australian multi-environment study

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Rachelle Ward ◽  
Lorraine Spohr ◽  
Peter Snell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Yellowness Index ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Impact

Rice is a staple for much of the world’s population. Increased production of good-quality rice is a necessity for global food security. Variable water supply and increasingly unpredictable weather is an ongoing challenge to the Australian rice industry, with the impact felt along the supply chain from growers to consumers. This multi-environment trial (MET) is focused on capturing the quality of milled grain produced in new growing regions beyond south-eastern Australia. Data on grain quality from 54 rice-variety trials grown between 2008 and 2017 across 10 locations and two seasons (wet and dry) spanning four Australian states and territories are included. Physical quality traits (yellowness index and whole grain yield), grain composition (apparent amylose and protein content) and eating quality traits (setback and gelatinisation temperature) were analysed. Varietal predictions for each quality trait at a range of sites provide evidence for the industry to develop strategies to deliver a consistent supply of high-quality Australian-grown rice.

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