scholarly journals Accuracy Analysis of a Next-Generation Tissue Microarray on Various Soft Tissue Samples of Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5589
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Werry ◽  
Stefan Müller ◽  
Falk Wehrhan ◽  
Carol Geppert ◽  
Gesche Frohwitter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Sectional Plane ◽  
Tissue Specimens

This study aimed to investigate accuracy in different sectional planes of the TMA Grand Master (3DHISTECH) Workstation in various soft tissue samples collected from Wistar rats. A total of 108 animals were sacrificed and 963 tissue specimens collected from 12 soft-tissue types. A total of 3307 tissue cores were punched and transferred into 40 recipient TMA blocks. Digital image analysis was performed. Core loss showed a significant correlation with tissue type and was highest in skin tissue (p < 0.001), renal medulla and femoral artery, nerve, and vein bundle (p < 0.01). Overall, 231 of 3307 tissue cores (7.0%) were lost. Hit rate analysis was performed in 1852 punches. The target was hit completely, partially and missed totally by 89.4%, 7.2% and 2.2%. A total of 54.5% of punches had good accuracy with less than 200 µm deviation from the centre of the targeted region and 92.6% less than 500 µm. Accuracy decreases with greater sectional depth. In the deepest sectional plane of roughly 0.5 mm median depth, almost 90% of cores had a deviation below 500 µm. Recommendations for automated TMA creation are given in this article. The ngTMA®-method has proven accurate and reliable in different soft tissues, even in deeper sectional layers.

scholarly journals Inkjet Oxygen-Sorption Treatment in Local Treatment Purulent Soft Tissue Wounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Dmitry Valerievich Arkhipov ◽  
Alexander Alekseevich Andreev ◽  
Dmitry Andreevich Atyakshin ◽  
Alexander Anatol'evich Glukhov ◽  
Anton Petrovich Ostroushko
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wound Surface ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Wound Area ◽  
Oxygen Sorption ◽  
Experimental Group

Relevance. Traditional treatment of septic wounds of soft tissues often leads to the development of complications, causing more than 30% of deaths after surgery. The oxidative and bacterial components have a key role in the pathogenesis of septic processes. The aim of the study was to develop a method of treatment of septic wounds, based on a combination of jet technologies, oxygenation and sorption therapy, and also to study the effectiveness of its use. Materials and methods. Studies were conducted on 120 white Wistar rats with septic wounds of soft tissue. There were 4 groups: 3 control and 1 experimental. There was no treatment in the 1st control group. Bandages and treatment of the wound with oxygen flow were performed in the 2nd control group. In the 3rd control group, bandages were performed, and the sorbent was applied to the wound surface. In the experimental group, in addition to dressings, jet oxygen-sorption treatment of the wound surface was carried out. The study of the effectiveness of the method was carried out using objective, histological, histochemical, bacteriological and statistical methods. Result. During the jet oxygen-sorption treatment of the wound surface, the disappearance of hyperemia was noted by 23.1%, the end of necrolysis - by 25.7%, the appearance of granulation - by 24.3%, wound epithelization - by 17.0% faster, compared with the data of the 1st control group. Conclusion. Use of the method the jet oxygen-sorption treatment for the treatment of septic wounds of soft tissues reduced the wound area by 1 day by 4.8%, 3 day by 6.7%, to 7-days 19.1% and to 10-day 43.9% compared to the 3rd control group.

scholarly journals Modulating Functionalized Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate Hydrogel Mechanical Properties through Competitive Crosslinking Mechanics for Soft Tissue Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3000
Author(s):  
Rachel Chapla ◽  
Mera Alhaj Abed ◽  
Jennifer West
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Local mechanical stiffness influences cell behavior, and thus cell culture scaffolds should approximate the stiffness of the tissue type from which the cells are derived. In synthetic hydrogels, this has been difficult to achieve for very soft tissues such as neural. This work presents a method for reducing the stiffness of mechanically and biochemically tunable synthetic poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels to within the soft tissue stiffness regime by altering the organization of the crosslinking sites. A soluble allyl-presenting monomer, which has a higher propensity for chain termination than acrylate monomers, was introduced into the PEG-diacrylate hydrogel precursor solution before crosslinking, resulting in acrylate-allyl competition and a reduction in gel compressive modulus from 5.1 ± 0.48 kPa to 0.32 ± 0.09 kPa. Both allyl monomer concentration and chemical structure were shown to influence the effectiveness of competition and change in stiffness. Fibroblast cells demonstrated a 37% reduction in average cell spread area on the softest hydrogels produced as compared to cells on control hydrogels, while the average percentage of neural cells extending neurites increased by 41% on these hydrogels, demonstrating the potential for this technology to serve as a soft tissue culture system.

scholarly journals 1368. Species Diversity and Co-Occurrence Patterning in Bone and Soft Tissue Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S770-S770
Author(s):  
Cezarina Mindru ◽  
Maria Rodriguez-Barradas ◽  
Deeksha Bidare ◽  
Jan-Hendrik Dudenhoeffer ◽  
Kerri Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Nc Data ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Abstract Background Polymicrobial results from conventional cultures in bone and soft tissue infections have generally been reported as independent co-occurrences (i.e. assuming no relationship or interaction between species). The objective of this study was to identify non-random (dependent) co-occurrence in bone and soft tissue infections. Methods We used single center Theradoc (Premiere Inc., Charlotte, NC) data on microbiology specimens collected over a decade (4/2010 to 4/2020). We included only tissue, fluid and swab specimens identified as being obtained from bone, skin, soft tissue or a wound during a patient’s first episode of infection. Blood and liver biopsy specimens were excluded. Patterning involving &gt;2 organisms was examined with factor analysis. Analyses were done with R version 3.6.1. Threshold p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons, often to p&lt; 0.001. Results Polymicrobial culture results were seen much more frequently in the foot (76%) and sacrum (78%) than specimens from other locations (43%). The highest Shannon diversity index was seen in sacral specimens, followed by foot and leg specimens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli was found more frequently in sacral bone and soft tissue specimens, while S. aureus was found most often in the spine bone and foot bone and soft tissue. Corynebacterium was found more frequently in foot bone (23%) and foot soft tissue (18%) than in non-foot soft tissue specimens (11%). Analysis of pairwise species co-occurrences in foot specimens (n=765) demonstrated that S. aureus made significantly less frequent the presence of Bacteroides, Enterobacter, and other staphylococcal species (Table 1). Analysis of non-foot soft tissue specimens (n=2,647) confirmed this pairwise associations and suggested three patterns (Table 2): A, polymicrobial without S. aureus; B, Enterococcus + gram negatives; and C, streptococcal. Table 1. Pairwise co-occurrences between species in bone and soft tissue specimens from foot infections (n=765). Factor analysis results demonstrating species associated with three polymicrobial patterns in soft tissue infection specimens. Blue denotes positive association (more often occurring as part of the pattern), red or grey denotes negative associations (less often occurring as part of the pattern). Numbers denote factor weights, a measure of the strength of the association. Conclusion Species incidence and diversity vary by location and tissue type. The many non-random occurrences found suggest complex interrelationships between microbes in soft tissue and bone infections, including organisms often classified as non-pathogens. Further study may further characterize these relationships and aid in antibiotic selection. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals The Effect of Target Strain Error on Plantar Tissue Stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Pai ◽  
William R. Ledoux
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Small Target ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Target Strain ◽  
Relaxation Experiments ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Accurate quantification of soft tissue properties, specifically the stress relaxation behavior of viscoelastic tissues such as plantar tissue, requires precise testing under physiologically relevant loading. However, limitations of testing equipment often result in target strain errors that can contribute to large stress errors and confound comparative results to an unknown extent. Previous investigations have modeled this artifact, but they have been unable to obtain empirical data to validate their models. Moreover, there are no studies that address this issue for plantar tissue. The purpose of this research was to directly measure the difference in peak force for a series of small target strain errors within the range of our typical stress relaxation experiments for the subcutaneous plantar soft tissue. Five plantar tissue specimens were tested to seven incremental target strain error levels of −0.9%, −0.6%, −0.3%, 0.0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9%, so as to undershoot and overshoot the target displacement in 0.3% increments. The imposed strain errors were accurately attained using a special compensation feature of our materials testing software that can drive the actuator to within 0% (1−2 μm) of the target level for cyclic tests. Since stress relaxation tests are not cyclic, we emulated the ramp portion of our stress relaxation tests with 5 Hz triangle waves. The average total stress variation for all specimens was 25±5%, with the highest and lowest stresses corresponding to the largest and smallest strain errors of 0.9% and −0.9%, respectively. A strain overshoot of 0.3%, the target strain error observed in our typical stress relaxation experiments, corresponded to an average stress overshoot of 3±1%. Plantar tissue in compression is sensitive to small target strain errors that can result in stress errors that are several fold larger. The extent to which the overshoot may affect the peak stress will likely differ in magnitude for other soft tissues and loading modes.

Imaging Features of Primary Tumors of the Hand

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Boriani ◽  
Edoardo Raposio ◽  
Costantino Errani
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Epithelioid Sarcoma ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Tumors Of The Hand

: Musculoskeletal tumors of the hand are a rare entity and are divided into skeletal and soft tissue tumors. Either category comprises benign and malignant or even intermediate tumors. Basic radiology allows an optimal resolution of bone and related soft tissue areas, ultrasound and more sophisticated radiologic tools such as scintigraphy, CT and MRI allow a more accurate evaluation of tumor extent. Enchondroma is the most common benign tumor affecting bone, whereas chondrosarcoma is the most commonly represented malignant neoplasm localized to hand bones. In the soft tissues ganglions are the most common benign tumors and epithelioid sarcoma is the most frequently represented malignant tumor targeting hand soft tissues. The knowledge regarding diagnostic and therapeutic management of these tumors is often deriving from small case series, retrospective studies or even case reports. Evidences from prospective studies or controlled trials are limited and for this lack of clear and supported evidences data from the medical literature on the topic are controversial, in terms of demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis prognosis and therapy.The correct recognition of the specific subtype and extension of the tumor through first line and second line radiology is essential for the surgeon, in order to effectively direct the therapeutic decisions.

scholarly journals Developing a Quantifying Device for Soft Tissue Material Prop-Erties around Lumbar Spines

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Song Joo Lee ◽  
Yong-Eun Cho ◽  
Kyung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Deukhee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Commercial Device ◽  
Tissue Material

Knowing the material properties of the musculoskeletal soft tissue could be important to develop rehabilitation therapy and surgical procedures. However, there is a lack of devices and information on the viscoelastic properties of soft tissues around the lumbar spine. The goal of this study was to develop a portable quantifying device for providing strain and stress curves of muscles and ligaments around the lumbar spine at various stretching speeds. Each sample was conditioned and applied for 20 repeatable cyclic 5 mm stretch-and-relax trials in the direction and perpendicular direction of the fiber at 2, 3 and 5 mm/s. Our device successfully provided the stress and strain curve of the samples and our results showed that there were significant effects of speed on the young’s modulus of the samples (p < 0.05). Compared to the expensive commercial device, our lower-cost device provided comparable stress and strain curves of the sample. Based on our device and findings, various sizes of samples can be measured and viscoelastic properties of the soft tissues can be obtained. Our portable device and approach can help to investigate young’s modulus of musculoskeletal soft tissues conveniently, and can be a basis for developing a material testing device in a surgical room or various lab environments.

scholarly journals Quantification of assembly forces during creation of head-neck taper junction considering soft tissue bearing: a biomechanical study

Arthroplasty ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Wendler ◽  
Torsten Prietzel ◽  
Robert Möbius ◽  
Jean-Pierre Fischer ◽  
Andreas Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Head Neck

Abstract Background All current total hip arthroplasty (THA) systems are modular in design. Only during the operation femoral head and stem get connected by a Morse taper junction. The junction is realized by hammer blows from the surgeon. Decisive for the junction strength is the maximum force acting once in the direction of the neck axis, which is mainly influenced by the applied impulse and surrounding soft tissues. This leads to large differences in assembly forces between the surgeries. This study aimed to quantify the assembly forces of different surgeons under influence of surrounding soft tissue. Methods First, a measuring system, consisting of a prosthesis and a hammer, was developed. Both components are equipped with a piezoelectric force sensor. Initially, in situ experiments on human cadavers were carried out using this system in order to determine the actual assembly forces and to characterize the influence of human soft tissues. Afterwards, an in vitro model in the form of an artificial femur (Sawbones Europe AB, Malmo, Sweden) with implanted measuring stem embedded in gelatine was developed. The gelatine mixture was chosen in such a way that assembly forces applied to the model corresponded to those in situ. A study involving 31 surgeons was carried out on the aforementioned in vitro model, in which the assembly forces were determined. Results A model was developed, with the influence of human soft tissues being taken into account. The assembly forces measured on the in vitro model were, on average, 2037.2 N ± 724.9 N, ranging from 822.5 N to 3835.2 N. The comparison among the surgeons showed no significant differences in sex (P = 0.09), work experience (P = 0.71) and number of THAs performed per year (P = 0.69). Conclusions All measured assembly forces were below 4 kN, which is recommended in the literature. This could lead to increased corrosion following fretting in the head-neck interface. In addition, there was a very wide range of assembly forces among the surgeons, although other influencing factors such as different implant sizes or materials were not taken into account. To ensure optimal assembly force, the impaction should be standardized, e.g., by using an appropriate surgical instrument.

scholarly journals Imaging of Joint and Soft Tissue Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Matteo ◽  
Gianluca Smerilli ◽  
Edoardo Cipolletta ◽  
Fausto Salaffi ◽  
Rossella De Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Muscle Involvement

Abstract Purpose of Review To highlight the potential uses and applications of imaging in the assessment of the most common and relevant musculoskeletal (MSK) manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Recent Findings Ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are accurate and sensitive in the assessment of inflammation and structural damage at the joint and soft tissue structures in patients with SLE. The US is particularly helpful for the detection of joint and/or tendon inflammation in patients with arthralgia but without clinical synovitis, and for the early identification of bone erosions. MRI plays a key role in the early diagnosis of osteonecrosis and in the assessment of muscle involvement (i.e., myositis and myopathy). Conventional radiography (CR) remains the traditional gold standard for the evaluation of structural damage in patients with joint involvement, and for the study of bone pathology. The diagnostic value of CR is affected by the poor sensitivity in demonstrating early structural changes at joint and soft tissue level. Computed tomography allows a detailed evaluation of bone damage. However, the inability to distinguish different soft tissues and the need for ionizing radiation limit its use to selected clinical circumstances. Nuclear imaging techniques are valuable resources in patients with suspected bone infection (i.e., osteomyelitis), especially when MRI is contraindicated. Finally, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry represents the imaging mainstay for the assessment and monitoring of bone status in patients with or at-risk of osteoporosis. Summary Imaging provides relevant and valuable information in the assessment of MSK involvement in SLE.

scholarly journals Micro-CT imaging of Thiel-embalmed and iodine-stained human temporal bone for 3D modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Halm ◽  
David Haberthür ◽  
Elisabeth Eppler ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
Andreas Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Iodine Staining ◽  
Tissue Structures

Abstract Introduction This pilot study explores whether a human Thiel-embalmed temporal bone is suitable for generating an accurate and complete data set with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and whether solid iodine-staining improves visualization and facilitates segmentation of middle ear structures. Methods A temporal bone was used to verify the accuracy of the imaging by first digitally measuring the stapes on the tomography images and then physically under the microscope after removal from the temporal bone. All measurements were compared with literature values. The contralateral temporal bone was used to evaluate segmentation and three-dimensional (3D) modeling after iodine staining and micro-CT scanning. Results The digital and physical stapes measurements differed by 0.01–0.17 mm or 1–19%, respectively, but correlated well with the literature values. Soft tissue structures were visible in the unstained scan. However, iodine staining increased the contrast-to-noise ratio by a factor of 3.7 on average. The 3D model depicts all ossicles and soft tissue structures in detail, including the chorda tympani, which was not visible in the unstained scan. Conclusions Micro-CT imaging of a Thiel-embalmed temporal bone accurately represented the entire anatomy. Iodine staining considerably increased the contrast of soft tissues, simplified segmentation and enabled detailed 3D modeling of the middle ear.

Orthodontic Pre Grafting Closure of Large Alveolar Bony and Soft Tissue Gaps: A Novel Nonsurgical Protraction of the Lesser Segments in Growing Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110076
Author(s):  
Maria Costanza Meazzini ◽  
Noah Cohen ◽  
Valeria Marinella Augusta Battista ◽  
Cristina Incorvati ◽  
Federico Biglioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Bone Grafting ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Good Healing

Background: Closure of wide alveolar clefts with large soft tissue gaps and reconstruction of the dentoalveolar defect are challenging for the surgeon. Some authors successfully used interdental segmental distraction, which requires an additional surgical procedure. Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness of tooth borne devices utilized to orthopedically advance the lesser segments, with a complete approximation of the soft tissue of the alveolar stumps, allowing traditional simultaneous soft tissue closure and bone grafting, and avoiding the need for supplementary surgery. Methods: Eight growing patients, 2 with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and 6 with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP), with large soft tissue and bony alveolar defects prior to bone grafting were prospectively selected. A banded rapid palatal expander (RPE) in BCLP and a modified RPE in UCLP combined with protraction face mask in younger patients or a modified Alt-Ramec in patients older than 12 years were applied. Radiographic and photographic records were available at T0, at the end of protraction (T1) and at least 1 year after bone grafting (T2). Results: Patients with large gaps showed a significant reduction in the bony cleft area and approximation of the soft tissues at T1. All patients received bone grafting with good healing and ossification at T2. Conclusion: In growing patients with UCLP and BCLP with large gaps, presurgical orthodontic protraction seems to be an efficient method to reduce the cleft defect, minimizing the risk of post grafting fistulas, reducing the need for supplementary surgical procedures.

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