scholarly journals Nanoparticles—Plant Interaction: What We Know, Where We Are?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5473
Author(s):  
Ewa Kurczyńska ◽  
Kamila Godel-Jędrychowska ◽  
Katarzyna Sala ◽  
Anna Milewska-Hendel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Plant Interaction ◽  
Plant Body

In recent years; the interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with plants has been intensively studied. Therefore, more and more aspects related to both the positive and negative impact of NP on plants are well described. This article focuses on two aspects of NP interaction with plants. The first is a summary of the current knowledge on NP migration through the roots into the plant body, in particular, the role of the cell wall. The second aspect summarizes the current knowledge of the participation of the symplast, including the plasmodesmata (PD), in the movement of NP within the plant body. We highlight the gaps in our knowledge of the plant–NP interactions; paying attention to the need for future studies to explain the mechanisms that regulate the composition of the cell wall and the functioning of the PD under the influence of NP.

Mesophyll conductance: the leaf corridors for photosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gago ◽  
Danilo M. Daloso ◽  
Marc Carriquí ◽  
Miquel Nadal ◽  
Melanie Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Mesophyll Conductance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Change Framework ◽  
Chloroplast Stroma

Besides stomata, the photosynthetic CO2 pathway also involves the transport of CO2 from the sub-stomatal air spaces inside to the carboxylation sites in the chloroplast stroma, where Rubisco is located. This pathway is far to be a simple and direct way, formed by series of consecutive barriers that the CO2 should cross to be finally assimilated in photosynthesis, known as the mesophyll conductance (gm). Therefore, the gm reflects the pathway through different air, water and biophysical barriers within the leaf tissues and cell structures. Currently, it is known that gm can impose the same level of limitation (or even higher depending of the conditions) to photosynthesis than the wider known stomata or biochemistry. In this mini-review, we are focused on each of the gm determinants to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms driving gm from anatomical to metabolic and biochemical perspectives. Special attention deserve the latest studies demonstrating the importance of the molecular mechanisms driving anatomical traits as cell wall and the chloroplast surface exposed to the mesophyll airspaces (Sc/S) that significantly constrain gm. However, even considering these recent discoveries, still is poorly understood the mechanisms about signaling pathways linking the environment a/biotic stressors with gm responses. Thus, considering the main role of gm as a major driver of the CO2 availability at the carboxylation sites, future studies into these aspects will help us to understand photosynthesis responses in a global change framework.

scholarly journals Beverages in Rheumatoid Arthritis: What to Prefer or to Avoid

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrinalini Dey ◽  
Maurizio Cutolo ◽  
Elena Nikiphorou
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Background: The role of nutrition in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), has gained increasing attention in recent years. A growing number of studies have focussed on the diverse nutritional contents of beverages, and their possible role in the development and progression of RA. Main body: We aimed to summarise the current knowledge on the role of a range of beverages in the context of RA. Beverages have a key role within the mosaic of autoimmunity in RA and potential to alter the microbiome, leading to downstream effects on inflammatory pathways. The molecular contents of beverages, including coffee, tea, and wine, have similarly been found to interfere with immune signalling pathways, some beneficial for disease progression and others less so. Finally, we consider beverages in the context of wider dietary patterns, and how this growing body of evidence may be harnessed by the multidisciplinary team in patient management. Conclusions: While there is increasing work focussing on the role of beverages in RA, integration of discussions around diet and lifestyle in our management of patients remains sparse. Nutrition in RA remains a controversial topic, but future studies, especially on the role of beverages, are likely to shed further light on this in coming years.

scholarly journals CHIRAL LATTICE GAUGE THEORIES VIA MIRROR–FERMION DECOUPLING: A MISSION (IM)POSSIBLE?

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 2761-2813 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERICH POPPITZ ◽  
YANWEN SHANG
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chiral Symmetries ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Lattice Gauge ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lattice Gauge Theories ◽  
Wilson Fermions

This is a review of the status and outstanding issues in attempts to construct chiral lattice gauge theories by decoupling the mirror fermions from a vectorlike theory. In the first half, we explain why studying nonperturbative chiral gauge dynamics may be of interest, enumerate the problems that a lattice formulation of chiral gauge theories must overcome, and briefly review our current knowledge. We then discuss the motivation and idea of mirror–fermion decoupling and illustrate the desired features of the decoupling dynamics by a simple solvable toy model. The role of exact chiral symmetries and matching of 't Hooft anomalies on the lattice is also explained. The second, more technical, half of the paper is devoted to a discussion of the known and unknown features of mirror-decoupling dynamics formulated with Ginsparg–Wilson fermions. We end by pointing out possible directions for future studies.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Seaweed Polyphenols in Cardiovascular-Associated Disorders

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Gómez-Guzmán ◽  
Alba Rodríguez-Nogales ◽  
Francesca Algieri ◽  
Julio Gálvez
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Edible Seaweed ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

The beneficial effects of various polyphenols with plant origins on different cardiovascular-associated disorders, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2 and metabolic syndrome are well known. Recently, marine crude-drugs are emerging as potential treatments in many noncommunicable conditions, including those involving the cardiovascular system. Among the active compounds responsible for these activities, seaweed polyphenols seem to play a key role. The aim of the present review is to summarise the current knowledge about the beneficial effects reported for edible seaweed polyphenols in the amelioration of these prevalent conditions, focusing on both preclinical and clinical studies. This review will help to establish the basis for future studies in this promising field.

scholarly journals Information Overload and the Entrepreneurs’ Behaviour: Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48-68
Author(s):  
Manisha Karia ◽  
Hanoku Bathula ◽  
Sanjaya Singh Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Mediating Role

Undoubtedly, the entrepreneur is the key to the initiation of the entrepreneurial process and firm performance. Since entrepreneurs vary in their background and abilities, researchers have examined the factors impacting their performance. Previous results show that personality characteristics and self-efficacy of entrepreneurs had a positive impact on their performance. In this study, we consider that entrepreneurs’ self-efficacy (ESE) is a multi-dimensional concept and identify six inherent dimensions. Further, we include two other variables that have not received adequate attention in the literature so far, namely, entrepreneurial information overload (EIO) and entrepreneurs’ human resources management (HRM) behaviour. To undertake empirical analysis, we developed a conceptual framework that proposes a negative impact of entrepreneurial information overload on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurs’ HRM behaviour. Responses from 403 entrepreneurs of a large emerging economy were subjected to path-based multiple regression analysis. The results reveal that information overload has a direct impact on all the ESE dimensions, except on planning tasks. Although there is no direct effect of EIO on entrepreneurs’ HRM behaviour, there is an indirect effect through the mediating role of ESE. These results suggest the need for appropriate strategies to help entrepreneurs to deal with information overload and ways to improve specific dimensions of ESE as necessary. Further, this study provides a platform for empirical research for future studies.

scholarly journals Effet paradoxal du vieillissement sur des tâches de mémoire prospective time-based en situation de laboratoire et en milieu naturel : Rôle des fonctions exécutives

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Azzopardi ◽  
Caroline Auffray ◽  
Christophe Kermarrec
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Performance Variability ◽  
Laboratory Time

ABSTRACTThe current study investigates the specific role of three executive functions in the explanation of performance variability on laboratory and naturalistic time-based prospective memory tasks in aging. Ninety people aged 18 to 80 years performed three executive tasks assessing inhibition, flexibility and updating, one laboratory time-based task and one naturalistic time-based task. The results indicate that age has a negative impact on the laboratory time-based task and a positive impact on the naturalistic task. The mediation analysis shows that inhibition and flexibility operate as a mediator in the negative relationship between age and the laboratory time-based task. Additionally, the hierarchical regression analyses show that, after controlling for age, none of the executive functions evaluated is predictive of performance of the naturalistic time-based task. Overall, these results seem to suggest that different cognitive processes underlie the performance on naturalistic and on laboratory time-based tasks. Future studies should confirm these results.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Phenolic Compounds in Vitis vinifera L. Red Berries during Ripening: Analysis and Role on Wine Sensory—A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 999
Author(s):  
Gianluca Allegro ◽  
Chiara Pastore ◽  
Gabriele Valentini ◽  
Ilaria Filippetti
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cell Wall Material ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Review Reports

The study of phenolic maturity in Vitis vinifera L. requires a multidisciplinary approach to understand how the evolution of berry flavonoids and cell wall material influence the colour and the textures of red wine. This is a challenging issue which involves researchers of viticulture and enology, and the results of their work are of particular interest for the producers of high-quality red wines. This review reports the current knowledge regarding phenolic maturity, describing the sensorial traits of the different compounds, the evolution of berry flavonoids and the methodologies used to evaluate their characteristics. Finally, the role of cell wall material in influencing the extractability of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins was shown. By means of a critical review of the results, it can be hypothesised that prolonged ripening improved colour characteristics and mouthfeel properties, thanks to the higher amounts of extractable skin flavonoids associated with lower amounts of seed proanthocyanidins, and to the increased affinity of the cell wall material for the proanthocyanidins most involved in the perception of unpleasant astringency.

scholarly journals Current knowledge about behaviors of honey bee queens with highlighting of the importance future studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam F. Abou-Shaara ◽  
Nuru Adgaba ◽  
Ahmad A. Al-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Honey Bee Queens

Abstract Background There is one queen in each honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colony under normal conditions. This queen performs egg laying and pheromonal control in the colony. All genetic characteristics of bee workers and drones depend on the queen. This reflects the importance of bee queen in the colony. In this review, behaviors of honey bee queens are presented and further studies are suggested to fill in gaps in knowledge. Main body The major studies about behaviors of honey bee queens either inside or outside the colony were reviewed. Some behavioral aspects especially egg laying pattern, sperm storage and utilization, conflict between queens, and the role of the queens in swarming and absconding have gained relatively few attention. Also, some other points such as the ability of a queen to transmit parasites after mating to her offspring and effects of pesticides on queen rearing and characteristics of emerged queens were highlighted. Conclusion This study highlighted the points that require further detailed studies. This review article may stimulate others toward performing specific future studies on bee queens.

scholarly journals The Role of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases in Oxidative Stress Tolerance and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus and Other Bacteria

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vineet Singh ◽  
Kuldeep Singh ◽  
Kyle Baum
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide ◽  
Oxidative Stress Tolerance ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases ◽  
Encoding Genes

Methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRA1 and MSRB) are proteins overproduced in Staphylococcus aureus during exposure with cell wall-active antibiotics. Later studies identified the presence of two additional MSRA proteins (MSRA2 and MSRA3) in S. aureus. These MSR proteins have been characterized in many other bacteria as well. This review provides the current knowledge about the conditions and regulatory network that mimic the expression of these MSR encoding genes and their role in defense from oxidative stress and virulence.

scholarly journals Role of Red Palm Oil in Male Obesity and Infertility Prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folorunso A. Olabiyi ◽  
Yapo G. Aboua ◽  
Thomas K. Monsees
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Red Palm Oil

The African continent has wide, varied, and rich plant diversity due to its climate. Some of these plants and their products have received tremendous attention due to their benefits in treating and managing ailments that plagues humanity. Red palm oil (RPO) is one of such natural products that have immense nutritional value with ability to ameliorate cardiac- and reproductive-related disorders. In this review article, the current knowledge on the potential of RPO as a phytomedicine to lessen or even prevent the negative impact of obesity on general health status and male fertility was evaluated. This study was done using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Web of Science. The study revealed some controversies and inconsistent reports on the effect of RPO on obesity and male fertility which needs further research using appropriate experimental models of obesity. Obesity is known to disrupt male fertility by causing changes to the hypothalamic- pituitary-gonadal axis, thus impairing steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. As spermatozoa are extremely sensitive towards oxidative stress, a carefully balanced daily supplementation of normal diet with antioxidant-rich RPO might be useful to protect spermatozoa and preserving male fertility. RPO was shown to be useful to protect against or ameliorate toxin- or medical condition-induced male infertility. Also, RPO is packed with powerful antioxidants like carotenoids and vitamin E which helps to prevent cell damage. However, its role in obesity prevention remains a debate.

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