scholarly journals Highlighting Specific Features to Reduce Chemical and Thermal Risks of Electronic Cigarette Use through a Technical Classification of Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5254
Author(s):  
Sébastien Soulet ◽  
Marie Duquesne ◽  
Charly Pairaud ◽  
Jean Toutain
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Heating Surface ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Wire Surface ◽  
Air Resistance ◽  
Electrical Resistance Heating ◽  
The Wire

Currently, the emission generation protocol of electronic cigarettes has only one standardized vaping regimen that is consistent with mouth-to-lungs inhalation. Recent works show the significant increase in performance of the device with the use of a direct lung vaping regimen (167 mL s−1, consistent with direct lung inhalation). However, requirements are needed for its use in a laboratory. This work aims at identifying mechanical characteristics of a device and providing a classification based on recommended power range, electrical resistance, heating surface, and air resistance of twenty-six tested devices. The electrical resistivity relation allows the estimation of the wire surface using its diameter and its length. The air resistance is obtained by measuring the pressure drop of the tested device with airflow rates ranging from 1–10 L min−1. Through the wide panel of tested devices, results allow separating them in two categories: classical and sub-ohm electronic cigarettes consistent with the two inhalation behaviours. Differences up to 71 mm2 for the wire surface and up to 4.8 Pa 0.5 min L−1 for the air resistance are observed between them. This limit seems to correspond to a required power of 25 W and an electrical resistance of 1.1 Ω.

scholarly journals Polytobacco use among a nationally-representative sample of black high school students

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamika D. Gilreath ◽  
Derek T. Dangerfield ◽  
Francisco A. Montiel Ishino ◽  
Ashley V. Hill ◽  
Renee M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Abstract Background Studies of the patterns of polytobacco use have increased. However, understanding the patterns of using multiple tobacco products among Black adolescents is minimal. This study identified the patterns of polytobacco use among U.S. Black adolescents. Methods Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of adolescent polytobacco use among a representative sample of Black youth from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 2782). Ever and recent (past 30 day) use of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, cigars, and dip or chewing tobacco were used as latent class indicators. Multinomial regression was conducted to identify the association if smoking adjusting for sex, age, grade, and marijuana use. Results Most students were in the 9th grade (29%), e-cigarette users (21%) and were current marijuana users (25%). Three profiles of tobacco use were identified: Class 1: Non-smokers (81%), Class 2: E-cigarette Users (14%), and Class 3: Polytobacco Users (5%). Black adolescent Polytobacco users were the smallest class, but had the highest conditional probabilities of recent cigarette use, e-cigarette use, ever smoking cigars or chewing tobacco. Ever and current use of marijuana were associated with increased odds of being in the e-cigarette user versus non-smoker group, and current marijuana use was associated with increased odds of polytobacco use (aOR = 24.61, CI = 6.95–87.11). Conclusions Findings suggests the need for targeted interventions for reducing tobacco use and examining the unique effects of polytobacco use on Black adolescents. Findings confirm a significant association of marijuana use with tobacco use.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Associations of Smoking and E-cigarette Use with Self-Reported Diagnosed Hypertension: Findings from Wave 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Connor R. Miller ◽  
Hangchuan Shi ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Maciej L. Goniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Never Smokers

Following their introduction a decade ago, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have grown in popularity. Given their novelty, knowledge of the health consequences of e-cigarette use remains limited. Epidemiologic studies have not comprehensively explored associations between e-cigarette use and hypertension, a highly prevalent health condition and major contributor to cardiovascular disease burden. In this study, cross-sectional associations of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use (vaping) with self-reported diagnosed hypertension were evaluated among 19,147 18–55 year old respondents in Wave 3 (2015–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Multivariable analyses first modeled smoking and vaping as separate 2-category variables, then as a 6-category composite variable accounting for former smoking. After adjusting for potential confounders, current vaping (aOR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.05–1.63) and current smoking (aOR = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.10–1.47) were both associated with higher odds of hypertension. In analyses modeling smoking and vaping compositely, respondents who were concurrently smoking and vaping had the highest odds of hypertension (aOR = 1.77; 95%CI: 1.32–2.39 [referent: never smokers]). These results differ somewhat from prior epidemiologic studies of vaping and respiratory outcomes, which consistently report smaller point estimates for current vaping than for current smoking. Our findings reinforce the uncertainty surrounding long-term health consequences of vaping, as well as highlight important distinctions between respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes when considering the harm reduction potential of e-cigarettes.

scholarly journals Use of Electronic Cigarettes in European Populations: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kapan ◽  
S. Stefanac ◽  
I. Sandner ◽  
S. Haider ◽  
I. Grabovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

The increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes in past decades has aroused public health concern. This study aims to review the literature on the prevalence of e-cigarette use among the general adult and young populations in Europe. We searched Medline and Google Scholar from September 2019, and included “prevalence of e-cigarettes”, “electronic cigarettes” or “e-cigarettes”, and “electronic nicotine delivery system” or “vaping”. The prevalence of current e-cigarette use ranged from 0.2% to 27%, ever-use ranged from 5.5% to 56.6% and daily use ranged from 1% to 2.9%. Current smokers of conventional cigarettes showed the highest prevalence for the use of e-cigarettes, ranging from 20.4% to 83.1%, followed by ex-smokers, with ranges from 7% to 15%. The following socio-demographic factors were associated with a higher chance of using e-cigarettes: male sex and younger age groups; results for economic status were inconclusive. In European countries, there is a higher prevalence of e-cigarette use among males, adolescents and young adults, smokers of conventional cigarettes, and former smokers.

scholarly journals E-cigarette Use and Respiratory Disorder: An Integrative Review of Converging Evidence from Epidemiological and Laboratory Studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1901815
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Wills ◽  
Samir S. Soneji ◽  
Kelvin Choi ◽  
Ilona Jaspers ◽  
Elizabeth K. Tam
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Consistency Strength

BackgroundUse of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is prevalent among adolescents and young adults but there has been limited knowledge about health consequences in human populations. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of results on respiratory disorder from studies of general-population samples and consider the mapping of these results to findings about biological processes linked to e-cigarettes in controlled laboratory studies.MethodWe conduct a literature search and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on the association of e-cigarette use with asthma and with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We then discuss findings from laboratory studies about effects of e-cigarettes on four biological processes: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress/inflammation, susceptibility to infection, and genetic expression.ResultsEpidemiological studies, both cross-sectional and longitudinal, show a significant association of e-cigarette use with asthma and COPD, controlling for cigarette smoking and other covariates. For asthma (n=15 studies), the pooled adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was 1.39 (CI 1.28–1.51); for COPD (n=9 studies) the AOR was 1.49 (CI 1.36–1.65). Laboratory studies consistently show an effect of e-cigarettes on biological processes related to respiratory harm and susceptibility to illness, with e-cigarette conditions differing significantly from clean-air controls though sometimes less than for cigarettes.ConclusionsThe evidence from epidemiological studies meets established criteria for consistency, strength of effect, temporality, and in some cases a dose-response gradient. Biological plausibility is indicated by evidence from multiple laboratory studies. We conclude that e-cigarette use has consequences for asthma and COPD, which is of significant concern for respirology and public health.

scholarly journals XIX.—Magnetization and Resistance of Nickel Wire at High Temperatures. Part II.

1907 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-554
Author(s):  
C. G. Knott
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
British Association ◽  
Nickel Wire ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Association Meeting ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Wire

The experiments which form the subject of the present communication were carried out two years ago, and supplement results already published. A brief note of some of the results was read before the Society in June 1904, and was also read before the British Association Meeting at Cambridge in August of the same year.The previous paper discussed the effect of high temperature on the relation between electrical resistance and magnetization when the wire was magnetized longitudinally, that is, in the direction in which the resistance was measured.The present results have to do with the effect of high temperature on the relation between resistance and magnetization when the magnetization was transverse to the direction along which the resistance was measured.

E-cigarettes use behaviors among heavy users in Japan: An online survey (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihoko Koyama ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi ◽  
Isao Miyashiro
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The World ◽  
Device Type ◽  
Comprehensive Survey

BACKGROUND Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has become increasingly widespread throughout the world, including Japan. However, little is known about how e-cigarettes are used in Japan, a country with heavy restrictions on nicotine-containing e-liquids, vaping products. OBJECTIVE This study comprehensively examined e-cigarette use, including e-cigarette use duration, frequency of use, device type, electrical resistance, nicotine use, favorite e-liquid flavors and concurrent use with cigarettes and/or HTPs in Japan. METHODS This study examined the detail of e-cigarette use (e-cigarette use duration, frequency of use, device type, electrical resistance, nicotine use, favorite e-liquid flavors) among users in Japan, through an online survey using a web-based self-reported questionnaire which included questions about sex, age, combustible cigarette and heated tobacco product (HTP) use behaviors. RESULTS Of 4,689 e-cigarettes users analyzed, 93.5% were men and 52.9% had been using e-cigarettes for 1-3 years. Over 80% used e-cigarettes every day; 62.4% used nicotine liquid, and half of the nicotine liquid users used nicotine salt. The most popular liquid flavor was fruit (prevalence: 68.1%), followed by tobacco (prevalence: 48.4%). While 9.0% were e-cigarette single users, 35.2% were dual users (e-cigarettes and cigarettes or HTPs) and 13.8% were triple user (e-cigarettes, cigarettes and HTPs). CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive survey of Japanese e-cigarette users and our finding suggest more than half use nicotine liquid, although e-cigarettes containing nicotine liquid have been prohibited by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act since 2010 in Japan. The study also showed 49.1% of participants used cigarettes and/or HTPs concurrently (dual or triple users).

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