scholarly journals Olive Mill and Olive Pomace Evaporation Pond’s By-Products: Toxic Level Determination and Role of Indigenous Microbiota in Toxicity Alleviation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5131
Author(s):  
Houda Ben Slama ◽  
Ali Chenari Bouket ◽  
Faizah N. Alenezi ◽  
Ameur Khardani ◽  
Lenka Luptakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Soil Toxicity ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Indigenous Microbiota ◽  
Recalcitrant Waste ◽  
By Products ◽  
Olive Mill

Diverse vegetable oils are extracted from oleagenic trees and plants all over the world. In particular, olive oil represents a strategic socio-economic branch in the Mediterranean countries. These countries use either two or three-phase olive oil extraction systems. In this work, we focus on the by-products from three-phase olive oil extraction, which are the liquid olive mill wastewater (OMW) and the solid olive mill pomace (OMP) rejected in evaporative ponds. The disposal of this recalcitrant waste poses environmental problems such as the death of different species of insects and animals. In-depth ICP-OES analysis of the heavy metal composition of OMW and OMP revealed the presence of many metals ranging from non-toxic to highly toxic. The LC-HRMS characterization of these by-products indicated the presence of several secondary metabolites harmful to humans or to the environment. Thus, we aimed to identify OMW and OMP indigenous microbiota through metagenomics. The bacterial population was dominated by the Acetobacter (49.7%), Gluconobacter (17.3%), Gortzia (13.7%) and Nardonalla (5.3%) genera. The most abundant fungal genera were Nakazawaea, Saccharomyces, Lachancea and Candida. These microbial genera are responsible for OMW, OMP and soil toxicity alleviation.

scholarly journals Effect of Processing on Phenolic Composition of Olive Oil Products and Olive Mill By-Products and Possibilities for Enhancement of Sustainable Processes

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 953
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Safarzadeh Markhali
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Processing Factors ◽  
By Products ◽  
Olive Mill

The bio-functional properties of olive oil products and by-products rely greatly on the proportions and types of the endogenous phenolics that may favorably/unfavorably change during various processing conditions. The olive oil industrial activities typically produce (i) olive oils, the main/marketable products, and (ii) olive mill by-products. The mechanical processing of olive oil extraction is making progress in some areas. However, the challenges inherent in the existing system, taking into consideration, the susceptibilities of phenolics and their biosynthetic variations during processing, hamper efforts to ascertain an ideal approach. The proposed innovative means, such as inclusion of emerging technologies in extraction system, show potential for sustainable development of olive oil processing. Another crucial factor, together with the technological advancements of olive oil extraction, is the valorization of olive mill by-products that are presently underused while having great potential for extended/high-value applications. A sustainable re-utilization of these valuable by-products helps contribute to (i) food and nutrition security and (ii) economic and environmental sustainability. This review discusses typical processing factors responsible for the fate of endogenous phenolics in olive oil products/by-products and provides an overview of the possibilities for the sustainable processing to (i) produce phenolic-rich olive oil and (ii) optimally valorize the by-products.

scholarly journals Olive Mill Wastewater as Renewable Raw Materials to Generate High Added-Value Ingredients for Agro-Food Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7511
Author(s):  
Paola Foti ◽  
Flora V. Romeo ◽  
Nunziatina Russo ◽  
Alessandra Pino ◽  
Amanda Vaccalluzzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
By Products ◽  
Olive Mill

Olive oil production represents an agro-industrial activity of vital economic importance for many Mediterranean countries. However, it is associated with the generation of a huge amount of by-products, both in solid and liquid forms, mainly constituted by olive mill wastewater, olive pomace, wood, leaves, and stones. Although for many years olive by-products have only been considered as a relevant environmental issue, in the last decades, numerous studies have deeply described their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-hyperglycemic activities. Therefore, the increasing interest in natural bioactive compounds represents a new challenge for olive mills. Studies have focused on optimizing methods to extract phenols from olive oil by-products for pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications and attempts have been made to describe microorganisms and metabolic activity involved in the treatment of such complex and variable by-products. However, few studies have investigated olive oil by-products in order to produce added-value ingredients and/or preservatives for food industries. This review provides an overview of the prospective of liquid olive oil by-products as a source of high nutritional value compounds to produce new functional additives or ingredients and to explore potential and future research opportunities.

Bioethanol production from thermochemically pre-treated olive mill solid residues using the yeast Pachysolen tannophylus

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Pachysolen Tannophilus ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Olive Mill

Olive oil mill solid residue (OMSR) is the solid waste generated during olive oil production process in three-phase olive mills. It consists of the remaining pulp of olive processing after the extraction of oil, as well as the cracked seeds of the olive fruits, containing thus mainly lignocellulose and residual oil. The commonly used practice for OMSR management is combustion, after having extracted the residual oil by secondary extraction using organic solvents. Other proposed ways of OMSR management are their exploitation as substrate for edible fungi production and compost, and as feedstock for biofuels generation such as methane and bioethanol. In the latter case, the complex carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose) of the lignocellulose of OMSR have to be degraded towards their simple sugars and further fermented via microorganisms. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of thermochemical pre-treatment of OMSR, on the final ethanol yield from the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus. Nine different types of OMSR-based substrates were tested i.e. raw OMSR, hydrolysates generated from pretreated OMSR with NaOH (0.5 %, 1.5 % w/v) and H2SO4 (0.5 %, 1.5 % v/v), and pretreated OMSR with NaOH (0.5 %, 1.5 % w/v) and H2SO4 (0.5 %, 1.5 % v/v) whole biomass. It was shown that in all cases pretreatment enhanced the consumption of carbohydrates as well as ethanol final yields.

Olive mill wastewater treatment: an experimental study

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bettazzi ◽  
M. Morelli ◽  
S. Caffaz ◽  
C. Caretti ◽  
E. Azzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewaters ◽  
Biological Treatability ◽  
Olive Mill

Olive oil production, one of the main agro-industries in Mediterranean countries, generates significant amounts of olive mill wastewaters (OMWs), which represent a serious environmental problem, because of their high organic load, the acidic pH and the presence of recalcitrant and toxic substances such as phenolic and lipidic compounds (up to several grams per litre). In Italy, traditional disposal on the soil is the most common way to discharge OMWs. This work is aimed at investigating the efficiency and feasibility of AOPs and biological processes for OMW treatment. Trials have been carried out on wastewaters taken from one of the largest three-phase mills of Italy, located in Quarrata (Tuscany), as well as on synthetic solutions. Ozone and Fenton's reagents applied both on OMWs and on phenolic synthetic solutions guaranteed polyphenol removal efficiency up to 95%. Aerobic biological treatment was performed in a batch reactor filled with raw OMWs (pH =4.5, T=30 °C) without biomass inoculum. A biomass rich of fungi, developed after about 30 days, was able to biodegrade phenolic compounds reaching a removal efficiency of 70%. Pretreatment of OMWs by means of oxidation increased their biological treatability.

scholarly journals Monitoring Olive Oil Mill Wastewater Disposal Sites Using Sentinel-2 and PlanetScopeSatellite Images: Case Studies in Tunisia and Greece

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Wissal Issaoui ◽  
Dimitrios D. Alexakis ◽  
Imen Hamdi Nasr ◽  
Athanasios V. Argyriou ◽  
Evangelos Alevizos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Inorganic Particles ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Sentinel 2 ◽  
Olive Mill

Mediterranean countries are known worldwide for their significant contribution to olive oil production, which generates large amounts of olive mill wastewater (OMW) that degrades land and water environments near the disposal sites. OMW consists of organic substances with high concentrations of phenolic compounds along with inorganic particles. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of satellite image analysis techniques using multispectral satellite data with high (PlanetScope, 3 × 3 m) and medium (Sentinel-2, 10 × 10 m) spatial resolution to detect Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) disposal sites, both in the SidiBouzid region (Tunisia) and in the broader Rethymno region on the island of Crete, (Greece). Documentation of the sites was carried out by collecting spectral signatures of OMW at temporal periods. The study integrates the application of a variety of spectral vegetation indices (VIs), such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), in order to evaluate their efficiency in detecting OMW disposal areas. Furthermore, a set of image-processing methods was applied on satellite images to improve the monitoring of OMW ponds including the false-color composites (FCC), the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and image fusion. Finally, different classification algorithms, such as the ISODATA, the maximum likelihood (ML), and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) were applied to both satellite images in order to assist in the overall approach to effectively detect the sites. The results obtained from different approaches were compared, evaluating the efficiency of Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope images to detect and monitor OMW disposal areas under different morphological environments.

scholarly journals Industrial-Scale Study of the Chemical Composition of Olive Oil Process-Derived Matrices

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Haifa Jebabli ◽  
Houda Nsir ◽  
Amani Taamalli ◽  
Ibrahim Abu-Reidah ◽  
Francisco Javier Álvarez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Remarkable Result ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
By Products ◽  
Olive Mill

The effect of the industrial process and collecting period on produced olive oil and by-products was evaluated. Obtained results showed significant variations for the majority of quality indices before and after vertical centrifugation between all samples from the three collecting periods. All samples were rich in monounsaturated fatty acid: Oleic acid (C18:1) with a maximum of 69.95%. The total polyphenols and individual phenolic compounds varied significantly through the extraction process, with a significant variation between olive oil and by-products. Notably, the percentage of secoiridoids and their derivatives was significant in paste and olive oil, highlighting the activity of many enzymes released during the different extraction steps. Regarding antioxidant capacity, the most remarkable result was detected in olive oil and olive mill wastewater samples.

scholarly journals Candida adriatica sp. nov. and Candida molendinolei sp. nov., two yeast species isolated from olive oil and its by-products

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_9) ◽  
pp. 2296-2302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neža Čadež ◽  
Peter Raspor ◽  
Benedetta Turchetti ◽  
Gianluigi Cardinali ◽  
Gino Ciafardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
By Products

Thirteen strains isolated from virgin olive oil or its by-products in several Mediterranean countries were found to be phenotypically and genetically divergent from currently recognized yeast species. Sequence analysis of the large subunit (LSU) rDNA D1/D2 domain and internal transcribed spacer regions/5.8S rDNA revealed that the strains represented two novel species described as Candida adriatica sp. nov. (type strain ZIM 2334T = CBS 12504T = NCAIM Y.02001T) and Candida molendinolei sp. nov. (type strain DBVPG 5508T = CBS 12508T = NCAIM Y.02000T). Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences of the small subunit rRNA gene, the D1/D2 region of the LSU rDNA and the translation elongation factor-1α gene suggested that C. adriatica sp. nov. and C. molendinolei sp. nov. should be placed within the Lindnera and Nakazawaea clades, respectively.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds in Waste By-Products from Olive Oil Production: Applications and Structural Characterization by Mass Spectrometry Techniques

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Ramona Abbattista ◽  
Giovanni Ventura ◽  
Cosima Damiana Calvano ◽  
Tommaso R. I. Cataldi ◽  
Ilario Losito
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
By Products

In recent years, a remarkable increase in olive oil consumption has occurred worldwide, favoured by its organoleptic properties and the growing awareness of its health benefits. Currently, olive oil production represents an important economic income for Mediterranean countries, where roughly 98% of the world production is located. Both the cultivation of olive trees and the production of industrial and table olive oil generate huge amounts of solid wastes and dark liquid effluents, including olive leaves and pomace and olive oil mill wastewaters. Besides representing an economic problem for producers, these by-products also pose serious environmental concerns, thus their partial reuse, like that of all agronomical production residues, represents a goal to pursue. This aspect is particularly important since the cited by-products are rich in bioactive compounds, which, once extracted, may represent ingredients with remarkable added value for food, cosmetic and nutraceutical industries. Indeed, they contain considerable amounts of valuable organic acids, carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, and above all, phenolic compounds, that are variably distributed among the different wastes, depending on the employed production process of olive oils and table olives and agronomical practices. Yet, extraction and recovery of bioactive components from selected by-products constitute a critical issue for their rational valorization and detailed identification and quantification are mandatory. The most used analytical methods adopted to identify and quantify bioactive compounds in olive oil by-products are based on the coupling between gas- (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS), with MS being the most useful and successful detection tool for providing structural information. Without derivatization, LC-MS with electrospray (ESI) or atmospheric pressure chemical (APCI) ionization sources has become one of the most relevant and versatile instrumental platforms for identifying phenolic bioactive compounds. In this review, the major LC-MS accomplishments reported in the literature over the last two decades to investigate olive oil processing by-products, specifically olive leaves and pomace and olive oil mill wastewaters, are described, focusing on phenolics and related compounds.

Olive mill wastewater biological treatment by fungi biomass

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Caffaz ◽  
C. Caretti ◽  
M. Morelli ◽  
C. Lubello ◽  
E. Azzari
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewaters ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
The One ◽  
By Products ◽  
Olive Mill

Olive oil extraction is one of the most important traditional food industries in the Mediterranean region, especially in Italy. In addition to olive oil, this industry produces by-products, in particular olive mill wastewaters (OMWs) and olive husks, which represent a serious environmental problem. OMWs can be rarely treated in a municipal WWTP, using conventional wastewater treatments. A novel biological process has to be considered in order to treat OMWs. Literature data show that yeasts and different kinds of fungi are able to reduce both the organic and the phenolic content of the OMW. The present work is aimed at investigating the growth of a biomass rich in fungi in a batch reactor filled with OMW and its capacity to degrade the organic and phenolic load. The aerobic OMW degradation obtained using this biomass reached a COD and TP removal efficiency of 86 and 70%, respectively. Respirometric tests have been carried out in order to measure the biomass activity on different substrates: OMW and phenolic compounds (gallic and p-coumaric acids). The polyphenolic biodegradation efficiency of fungi biomass was higher than the one of a non-acclimated activated sludge biomass. Fungi biomass was able to completely degrade pure phenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Fundamentals and Technoeconomical Analysis of Exploitation of Olive Mill Wastewater to Highadded Vale By-Products

2017 ◽  
pp. 216-223
Author(s):  
C.A. Paraskeva ◽  
E. C. Arvaniti ◽  
V.G. Papadakis
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewaters ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Western Greece ◽  
Olive Mill

The olive oil industry is very important in many Mediterranean countries, both in terms of wealth and tradition. The extraction of olive oil generates huge quantities of high organic wastewaters with toxic constituents that may have a great impact on land and water environments. Series of laboratory experiments, based on the technology of membrane filtration (Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration and/or Reverse Osmosis), have been carried out for the fractionation of olive mill wastewaters into fractions with nutritive value, phytotoxic action and pure water. Based on these results, a pilot plant of membranes installed in an olive oil mill enterprise for an entire harvesting period and appropriate experiments were performed. The study showed that a fraction of pure water up to 75% can recovered and fractions that contained concentrate nutritious and polyphenol content can be isolated and further exploited in order to reduce the, indeed, high cost of the suggested treatment process. In this study, a techno-economic analysis for the implementation of the suggested method for the Region of Western Greece is presented. The present study took into account the fixed and the operational costs of the equipment, the costs for the infrastructure and land, the costs for the maintenance, etc., considering the treatment of 50,000 tones per harvesting period in the Region of Western Greece. The study showed that the establishment of one central treatment manufacture could reduce the uncontrolled disposal of OMW and their final discharging in the aqueous receptors. The exploitation of the nutritious content of the fractions as manure in fertilizers together with the polyphenol content that can be used as components of ecological herbicides can depreciate the total cost in a very short period of 1.5 years.

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