scholarly journals Effects of Gynura bicolor on Glycemic Control and Antioxidant Ability in Prediabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5066
Author(s):  
Chu-Hsuan Hsia ◽  
Yu-Tang Tung ◽  
Yu-Sheng Yeh ◽  
Yi-Wen Chien
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Gynura Bicolor ◽  
Serving Sizes

There exists an intermediate group of individuals whose glucose levels do not meet the criteria for diabetes yet are higher than those considered normal (prediabetes mellitus (preDM)). Those people have a higher risk of developing diabetes in the future. Gynura bicolor (GB) is a red-purple-colored vegetable, which is common in Taiwan. GB has shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic effects in previous studies. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of serving two serving sizes of GB every day on the glycemic control and antioxidant ability of preDM subjects. According to the age and anthropometry data of the participates, we assigned them into a control or GB group for the 8-week intervention and 4-week washout period. Data of anthropometry and biochemical analysis were collected at 0, 8 and 12 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed, and we collected dietary records on the baseline and Week 8. Both groups received nutrition education and a diet plan individually. After intervention, the fasting glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) values were significantly decreased in the GB group. HOMA-IR and QUICKI values were improved, and antioxidant activity was increased in the GB group. GB could improve glycemic control and decrease oxidative stress because of its large amounts of polyphenols.

Rapid Change of Platelet Aggregability in Acute Hyperglycemia

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (03) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Sakamoto ◽  
Hiroaki Kawano ◽  
Nobutaka Hirai ◽  
Shinzo Miyamoto ◽  
Keiji Takazoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Acute Hyperglycemia ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
The One

SummaryWe examined the alteration of platelet aggregability in acute hyperglycemia during 75-gram oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). Twenty subjects underwent 75-gram OGTT and venous blood samples were obtained before (0 min), 60, 120 and 180 min postload. Platelet aggregability shown as the number of small platelet aggregates was measured with a novel laser-light scattering (LS) method. Platelet aggregability increased in parallel with both glucose and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels. The number of mean small aggregates at 60 min (12.30 ± 1.10 × 104) was significantly higher than the one at 0 min (8.32 ± 0.88 × 104, p <0.001), 120 min (10.63 ± 0.98 × 104, p <0.05) and 180 min (8.28 ± 0.84 × 104, p <0.001) (mean ± SEM). Small aggregates correlated positively with plasma glucose levels at 60 min postload (r = 0.67, p = 0.001) while not with IRI. It might be important to suppress transient hyperglycemia for preventing the onset of acute coronary syndromes that could be closely related to platelet hyperaggregability.

scholarly journals Glucose levels during gestational diabetes pregnancy and the risk of developing postpartum diabetes or prediabetes

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadakarn Phaloprakarn ◽  
Siriwan Tangjitgamol
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Blood glucose levels during pregnancy may reflect the severity of insulin secretory defects and/or insulin resistance during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancy. We hypothesized that suboptimal glycemic control in women with GDM could increase the risk of postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or prediabetes. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of plasma glucose levels throughout GDM pregnancy on the risk of postpartum T2DM or prediabetes. Methods The medical records of 706 women with GDM who underwent a postpartum 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test at our institution between January 2011 and December 2018 were reviewed. These women were classified into 2 groups according to glycemic control during pregnancy: ≤ 1 occasion of either fasting glucose ≥ 95 mg/dL or 2-hour postprandial glucose ≥ 120 mg/dL was defined as optimal glycemic control or else was classified as suboptimal glycemic control. Rates of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes were compared between women with optimal (n = 505) and suboptimal (n = 201) glycemic control. Results The rates of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes were significantly higher in the suboptimal glycemic control group than in the optimal glycemic control group: 22.4% vs. 3.0%, P < 0.001 for T2DM and 45.3% vs. 23.5%, P < 0.001 for prediabetes. In a multivariate analysis, suboptimal glucose control during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for developing either postpartum T2DM or prediabetes. The adjusted odds ratios were 8.4 (95% confidence interval, 3.5–20.3) for T2DM and 3.9 (95% confidence interval, 2.5–6.1) for prediabetes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that blood glucose levels during GDM pregnancy have an impact on the risk of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes.

Exercise and Prediabetes after Renal Transplantation (EXPRED): Protocol Description

Nephron ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Raúl Morales Febles ◽  
Natalia Negrín Mena ◽  
Ana Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Laura Díaz Martín ◽  
Federico González Rinne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Reversible Condition

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a frequent and severe complication after renal transplantation. In fact, PTDM is a risk factor for both infection and cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence and incidence of PTDM have a bimodal evolution: early (up to 3 months) and late PTDM (beyond 12 months). The majority of late PTDM occurs in subjects with prediabetes after transplantation. So, treating patients with prediabetes, a potentially reversible condition, might help preventing PTDM. In the general population, exercise prevents the evolution from prediabetes to diabetes. However, in renal transplantation, not enough evidence is available in this field. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We designed an exploratory analysis to evaluate the feasibility of exercise to reverse prediabetes as a first step in the design of a trial to prevent PTDM. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Only patients with prediabetes beyond 12 months after transplantation with capacity to perform exercise will be included. Prediabetes will be diagnosed based on fasting glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). Patients will be treated with a stepped training intervention, starting with aerobic exercise training (brisk walking, swimming, and cycling) 5 times per week and 30 min/day. Aerobic exercise training will be gradually increased to 60 min/day or eventually combined with anaerobic exercise training in case of persistent prediabetes. The reversibility/persistence of prediabetes will be measured with fasting glucose and OGTTs every 3 months. This study will last for 12 months.

scholarly journals Preserved insulin secretion and kidney function in recipients with functional pancreas grafts 1 year after transplantation: a single-center prospective observational study

2018 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Nordheim ◽  
Kåre I Birkeland ◽  
Anders Åsberg ◽  
Anders Hartmann ◽  
Rune Horneland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
First Year ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Serum Clearance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests

Objective Successful simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK) or pancreas transplantation alone (PTA) restores glycemic control. Diabetes and impaired kidney function are common side effects of immunosuppressive therapy. This study addresses glucometabolic parameters and kidney function during the first year. Methods We examined 67 patients with functioning grafts (SPK n = 30, PTA n = 37) transplanted between September 2011 and November 2016 who underwent repeated oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) 8 and 52 weeks after transplantation. Another 19 patients lost their graft the first year post-transplant and 28 patients did not undergo repeated OGTTs and could not be studied. All patients received ATG induction therapy plus tacrolimus, mycophenolate and prednisolone. Glomerular filtration rate was measured before and 8 and 52 weeks after transplantation by serum clearance methods. Results From week 8 to 52 after transplantation, mean fasting glucose decreased (SPK: 5.4 ± 0.7 to 5.1 ± 0.8 mmol/L, PTA: 5.4 ± 0.6 to 5.2 ± 0.7 mmol/L; both P < 0.05), and also 120-min post-OGTT glucose (SPK: 6.9 ± 2.9 to 5.7 ± 2.2 mmol/L; P = 0.07, PTA: 6.5 ± 1.7 to 5.7 ± 1.2 mmol/L; P < 0.05). Fasting C-peptide levels also decreased (SPK: 1500 ± 573 to 1078 ± 357 pmol/L, PTA: 1210 ± 487 to 1021 ± 434 pmol/L, both P < 0.005). Measured GFR decreased from enlistment to 8 weeks post transplant in PTA patients (94 ± 22 to 78 ± 19 mL/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.005), but did not deteriorate from week 8 to week 52 (SPK: 55.0 ± 15.1 vs 59.7 ± 11.3 ml/min/1.73 m²; P = 0.19, PTA: 76 ± 19 vs 77 ± 19 mL/min/1.73 m²; P = 0.74). Conclusion Glycemic control and kidney function remain preserved in recipients with functioning SPK and PTA grafts 1 year after transplantation.

Relation between plasma insulin and blood glucose in a cross-sectional population study of the oral glucose tolerance test

1983 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Berntorp ◽  
E. Trell ◽  
J. Thorell ◽  
B. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests

Abstract. In a material of 3596 oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) performed in a population investigation of middle-aged males in Malmö, fasting and 120 min values of blood glucose and plasma insulin immunoreactivity (IRI) were studied while taking factors like body weight, smoking, alcohol, gastric resection and selfreported diabetes heredity into account. The fasting as well as the 120 min levels of both glucose and IRI were markedly influenced by body weight and smoking habits but not by the hereditary background. At 120 min, but not in the fasting state, there was a linear correlation between the IRI and glucose levels. The increase of IRI on glucose was significantly steeper in most of the hereditary subjects in comparison with their non-hereditary controls.

scholarly journals Personalized Postprandial Glucose Response–Targeting Diet Versus Mediterranean Diet for Glycemic Control in Prediabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orly Ben-Yacov ◽  
Anastasia Godneva ◽  
Michal Rein ◽  
Smadar Shilo ◽  
Dmitry Kolobkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Time

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> To compare the clinical effects of a Personalized Postprandial-Targeting (PPT) diet vs a Mediterranean (MED) diet, on glycemic control and metabolic health in prediabetes. <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS </b>We randomly assigned adults with prediabetes (n=225) to follow a MED diet or a PPT diet for a 6-month dietary intervention and additional 6-month follow-up. The PPT diet relies on a machine-learning algorithm that integrates clinical and microbiome features to predict personal postprandial-glucose-responses (PPGR). During the intervention, all participants were connected to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and self-reported dietary intake using a smartphone application.</p> <p><b>RESULTS </b>Among 225 participants randomized (58.7% women; mean±SD age, 50±7 years; BMI, 31.3±5.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; HbA1c, 5.9±0.2% (41±2.4 mmol/mol); fasting plasma glucose 114±12mg/dl [6.33±0.67 mmol/L]), 200 (89%) completed the 6-month intervention. A total of 177 participants additionally contributed 12-month follow-up data. Both interventions reduced the daily time with glucose levels above 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/L) and HbA1c levels, but reductions were significantly greater in PPT compared to MED. The mean 6-month change in ‘time above 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/L)’ was -0.3±0.8 hour/day and -1.3±1.5 hour/day for MED and PPT, respectively (95% CI between-group difference, -1.29 to -0.66; p<0.001). The mean 6-month change in HbA1c was -0.08±0.19% (-0.9±2.1 mmol/mol) and -0.16±0.24% (-1.7±2.6 mmol/mol) for MED and PPT, respectively (95% CI between-group difference, -0.14 to -0.02; p=0.007). The significant between-group differences maintained at 12-month follow-up. No significant differences were noted between the groups in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, CGM-measured). </p> <b>CONCLUSIONS </b>In this clinical trial in prediabetes,<b> </b>a PPT diet improved glycemic control significantly more than a MED diet as measured by daily time of glucose levels above 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/L) and HbA1c. These findings may have implications to dietary advice in clinical practice.

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