scholarly journals Conditional Measurements with Silicon Photomultipliers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4579
Author(s):  
Giovanni Chesi ◽  
Alessia Allevi ◽  
Maria Bondani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Photon Number ◽  
Fano Factor ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Correlated Noise ◽  
Nonclassical States ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers

Nonclassical states of light can be efficiently generated by performing conditional measurements. An experimental setup including Silicon Photomultipliers can currently be implemented for this purpose. However, these devices are affected by correlated noise, the optical cross talk in the first place. Here we explore the effects of cross talk on the conditional states by suitably expanding our existing model for conditional measurements with photon-number-resolving detectors. We assess the nonclassicality of the conditional states by evaluating the Fano factor and provide experimental evidence to support our results.

scholarly journals Simultaneous current, force and dissipation measurements on the Si(111) 7×7 surface with an optimized qPlus AFM/STM technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Majzik ◽  
Martin Setvín ◽  
Andreas Bettac ◽  
Albrecht Feltz ◽  
Vladimír Cháb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Talk ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Tunneling Current ◽  
Quartz Tuning Fork ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Force Signal ◽  
Reported Data

We present the results of simultaneous scanning-tunneling and frequency-modulated dynamic atomic force microscopy measurements with a qPlus setup. The qPlus sensor is a purely electrical sensor based on a quartz tuning fork. If both the tunneling current and the force signal are to be measured at the tip, a cross-talk of the tunneling current with the force signal can easily occur. The origin and general features of the capacitive cross-talk will be discussed in detail in this contribution. Furthermore, we describe an experimental setup that improves the level of decoupling between the tunneling-current and the deflection signal. The efficiency of this experimental setup is demonstrated through topography and site-specific force/tunneling-spectroscopy measurements on the Si(111) 7×7 surface. The results show an excellent agreement with previously reported data measured by optical interferometric deflection.

scholarly journals Measuring Nonclassicality of Mesoscopic Twin-Beam States with Silicon Photomultipliers †

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Giovanni Chesi ◽  
Luca Malinverno ◽  
Alessia Allevi ◽  
Romualdo Santoro ◽  
Massimo Caccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Information ◽  
Quantum Optics ◽  
Output Signal ◽  
Photon Number ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers ◽  
Nonclassical Properties ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Twin Beam ◽  
Proper Analysis

The study of nonclassical properties of quantum states is a relevant topic for fundamental Quantum Optics and Quantum Information applications. In the mesoscopic domain, promising results have been obtained using photon-number-resolving detectors. Here we show recent results achieved with the class of Silicon Photomultipliers: by a proper analysis of the output signal, the nonclassicality of twin-beam states can be detected and exploited.

NUV Silicon Photomultipliers With High Detection Efficiency and Reduced Delayed Correlated-Noise

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1318-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Acerbi ◽  
Alessandro Ferri ◽  
Gaetano Zappala ◽  
Giovanni Paternoster ◽  
Antonino Picciotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Correlated Noise ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers ◽  
High Detection ◽  
High Detection Efficiency

scholarly journals Bracket states for communication protocols with coherent states

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 1461018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Allevi ◽  
Stefano Olivares ◽  
Maria Bondani
Keyword(s):  
Coherent States ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Photon Number ◽  
Fano Factor ◽  
Local Oscillator ◽  
Input State ◽  
Optical Elements ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Communication Scheme ◽  
Phase Sensitive

We present the generation and characterization of the class of bracket states, namely phase-sensitive mixtures of coherent states exhibiting symmetry properties in the phase-space description. A bracket state can be seen as the statistical ensemble arriving at a receiver in a typical coherent-state-based communication channel. We show that when a bracket state is mixed at a beam splitter with a local oscillator, both the emerging beams exhibit a Fano factor larger than 1 and dependent on the relative phase between the input state and the local oscillator. We discuss the possibility to exploit this dependence to monitor the phase difference for the enhancement of the performances of a simple communication scheme based on direct detection. Our experimental setup involves linear optical elements and a pair of photon-number-resolving detectors operated in the mesoscopic photon-number domain.

Towards low-timing jitter photon number-resolved digital silicon photomultipliers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Berretta ◽  
Alfonso Incoronato ◽  
Vincenzo Sesta ◽  
Fabio Severini ◽  
Francesca Madonini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photon Number ◽  
Timing Jitter ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers

scholarly journals 0.16 µm–BCD Silicon Photomultipliers with Sharp Timing Response and Reduced Correlated Noise

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Sanzaro ◽  
Fabio Signorelli ◽  
Paolo Gattari ◽  
Alberto Tosi ◽  
Franco Zappa
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Correlated Noise ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers ◽  
Photon Detection ◽  
Systems On Chip ◽  
Photon Detection Efficiency ◽  
On Chip

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have improved significantly over the last years and now are widely employed in many different applications. However, the custom fabrication technologies exploited for commercial SiPMs do not allow the integration of any additional electronics, e.g., on-chip readout and analog (or digital) processing circuitry. In this paper, we present the design and characterization of two microelectronics-compatible SiPMs fabricated in a 0.16 µm–BCD (Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS) technology, with 0.67 mm × 0.67 mm total area, 10 × 10 square pixels and 53% fill-factor (FF). The photon detection efficiency (PDE) surpasses 33% (FF included), with a dark-count rate (DCR) of 330 kcps. Although DCR density is worse than that of state-of-the-art SiPMs, the proposed fabrication technology enables the development of cost-effective systems-on-chip (SoC) based on SiPM detectors. Furthermore, correlated noise components, i.e., afterpulsing and optical crosstalk, and photon timing response are comparable to those of best-in-class commercial SiPMs.

Photon-number statistics and correlations with silicon photomultipliers

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Allevi ◽  
Luca Nardo ◽  
Marco Ramilli ◽  
Maria Bondani
Keyword(s):  
Photon Number ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers

scholarly journals Experimental identification of non-classicality of noisy twin beams and other related two-mode states

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ievgen I. Arkhipov ◽  
Jan Peřina
Keyword(s):  
Beam Splitter ◽  
Photon Number ◽  
Exact Results ◽  
Nonclassical States ◽  
Experimental Identification ◽  
Twin Beam

Abstract Different non-classicality criteria expressed in the form of inequalities among intensity moments and elements of photon-number distributions are applied to noisy twin beams and other two-mode states obtained from a twin beam by using a beam splitter. Their performance in revealing the non-classicality is judged in comparison with the exact results provided by suitable entanglement and local non-classicality quantifiers. Whereas the non-classicality of noisy twin beams is always revealed by these criteria, not all the nonclassical states obtained at the output of the beam splitter can be identified by these experimentally easily reachable criteria.

scholarly journals Modelling of Output Statistics of Single and -Mode Straight and Curved :Ti:LiNb Waveguide Amplifiers

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Niculae N. Puscas
Keyword(s):  
Photon Number ◽  
Fano Factor ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Statistical Fluctuation ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Transversal Section ◽  
Waveguide Amplifiers ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Linear Amplifier ◽  
Small Gain

A theoretical analysis of some statistical parameters which characterize the -doped Ti:LiNbO3 single and -mode straight and curved waveguides is presented in this paper. In the derivation and the evaluation of the spectral optical quality factor, the power spectral density, the Fano factor, the statistical fluctuation, and the spontaneous emission factor we used the small gain approximation, and the photon statistics master equation of the linear amplifier (considering that the photon number distribution is determined by the normalized mode intensity profiles which are not uniform in the transversal section of the waveguide), transposed to the case of straight and curved amplifiers. The simulation results show the evolution of the above-mentioned parameters under various pump regimes and waveguide lengths.

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