scholarly journals (In-Vitro Comparison between Closed Versus Open CAD/CAM Systems) Comparison between Closed and Open CAD/CAM Systems by Evaluating the Marginal Fit of Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate Ceramic Crowns

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4534
Author(s):  
Gil Ben-Izhack ◽  
Asaf Shely ◽  
Omer Koton ◽  
Avi Meirowitz ◽  
Shifra Levartovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Marginal Gap ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Crowns ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Cam Systems

Background: This study compared the marginal gap (MG) and absolute marginal discrepancy (AMD) of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD–CAM) used in open systems (OSs) and closed systems (CSs) for producing monolithic zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramic crowns. Methods: 60 ZLS ceramic crowns were cemented to abutment acrylic teeth; thirty crowns were designed and milled by an OS, and thirty by a CS. All crowns were sectioned for evaluating the marginal gap by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). To compare the marginal gap between CS and OS techniques, data were analyzed using the independent-samples Mann–Whitney U Test (α = 0.05). Results: AMD was found to be significantly better for the closed system (p < 0.05). Mean AMD values for the CS were 148 µm, and for the OS it was 196 µm. MG was found to be significantly better for the OS (p < 0.05). Mean MG values for the CS were 55 µm, and for the OS they were 38 µm. Conclusions: The marginal gap in relation to AMD was significantly better for CS. However, the marginal gap in relation to MG was significantly better for OS. Both techniques showed clinically acceptable MG values (<120 µm).

scholarly journals Marginal and Internal Fit of Ceramic Prostheses Fabricated from Different Chairside CAD/CAM Systems: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Keunbada Son ◽  
Kyu-Bok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Marginal Gap ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Crowns ◽  
Internal Fit ◽  
Cam Systems

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate marginal and internal fits of ceramic crowns fabricated with chairside computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. An experimental model based on ISO 12836:2015 was digitally scanned with different intraoral scanners (Omnicam (CEREC), EZIS PO (DDS), and CS3500 (Carestream)). Ceramic crowns were fabricated using the CAD/CAM process recommended by each system (CEREC, EZIS, and Carestream systems; N = 15). The 3-dimensional (3D) marginal and internal fit of each ceramic crown was measured using a 3D inspection software (Geomagic control X). Differences among the systems and various measurements were evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Statistically significant differences were validated using pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05). Occlusal gaps in the CEREC, EZIS, and Carestream groups were 113.0, 161.3, and 438.2 µm, respectively (p < 0.001). The axial gaps were 83.4, 78.0, and 107.9 µm, respectively. The marginal gaps were 77.8, 99.3, and 60.6 µm, respectively, and the whole gaps were 85.9, 107.3, and 214.0 µm, respectively. Significant differences were observed with the EZIS system compared with the other two systems in terms of the marginal gap sizes. The CEREC system showed no significant differences among the four measured regions. However, the EZIS and Carestream systems did show a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). All three systems were judged to be capable of fabricating clinically acceptable prostheses, because the marginal gap, which is the most important factor in the marginal fit of prostheses, was recorded to be below 100 µm in all three systems.

scholarly journals Marginal Gap Evaluation of Metal Onlays and Resin Nanoceramic Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing Blocks Onlays

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 017-021
Author(s):  
Nor Faharina Abdul Hamid ◽  
Wan Zaripah Wan Bakar ◽  
Zaihan Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Marginal Gap ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract Objective This study was carried out to assess and compare the marginal gap of conventionally used metal onlays and new resin nanoceramic (RNC) (Lava Ultimate block) onlays. Materials and Methods This is an in vitro study using two extracted sound human mandibular molars. One tooth was prepared to receive the metal onlays and another one for the RNC onlays which were fabricated using the computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. Twelve metals and 12 ceramic onlays were fabricated before they were placed at their respective preparation and examined under the Leica stereomicroscope, M125C (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) for a marginal analysis. The gap width was measured at 10 predefined landmarks which included 3 points on the buccal and lingual surfaces each and 2 points each on the mesial and distal surfaces, respectively. Statistical Analysis Mann–Whitney post hoc test was used for statistical analysis (P ≤ 0.05). Results Overall, the RNC onlays showed significant lower marginal gap with the exception of the landmarks 5 and 6 (on distolingual) and no significant difference at landmark 7 (on midlingual). It was observed that the marginal gap were all within the clinically acceptable limit of 120 μm. Conclusions Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the RNC CAD/CAM onlays are a promising alternative to the metal onlays.

Review of Marginal Adaptation and Fracture Resistance of Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturer (CAD‐CAM) Fabricated Endo-crowns

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-208
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Alhaddad ◽  
Samar Abuzinadah ◽  
Abdullah Al-Otaibi ◽  
Abrar Alotaibi ◽  
Mohsen Alfkih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Marginal Adaptation ◽  
Marginal Gap ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Electronic Database Search ◽  
Cause Of Failure

Background: Zirconia-based restorations have become more popular in dentistry during the last two decades. Patients choose metal-free restorations, preferring materials with similar attributes to natural teeth and similar light scattering characteristics, resulting in a nice esthetic appearance. Restoring a root canal treated teeth is one of the hot topics today. endo crown materials can be either; feldspathic, glass-ceramic, monolithic hybrid ceramic or composite material. Considering the marginal gap of endocrown, an important cause of failure of treatment, the current study evaluated the marginal gap of CAD‐CAM concocted endo-crowns. Materials and Methods: This research is an analysis systemic review study was conducted between January 2020 and October 2021. We followed the PRISMA principles and recorded this systematic review using the PROSPERO database to find and identify published literature related to the marginal adaptation of CAD-CAM-fabricated endocrown. The search will include all relevant articles through the end of 2021. Finally, 24 papers on marginal clearance and fracture resistance in coronary arteries were reviewed. Results: The electronic database search yielded 98 studies that were relevant. After cross-referencing, further seven studies were added. After a full-text analysis and duplicate reduction, 74 of the 98 articles were eliminated. 5 clinical (prospective) studies, 19 in vitro studies were found. Conclusion: This analysis of the recent literature on the marginal seating integrity and fracture resistance of CAD/CAM made-up endo-crowns showed that the endo-crown had superior marginal seating integrity than classical full crown. CAM/CAM showed statistically significant higher mean fracture resistance than MAD/MAM.

Premolar Axial Wall Height Effect on CAD/CAM Crown Retention

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Gillette ◽  
R Buck ◽  
N DuVall ◽  
S Cushen ◽  
M Wajdowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Failure Resistance ◽  
All Ceramic ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Crowns ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Post Hoc

SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate the significance of reduced axial wall height on retention of adhesively luted, all-ceramic, lithium disilicate premolar computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) crowns based on preparations with a near ideal total occlusal convergence of 10°. Methods: Forty-eight recently extracted premolars were randomly divided into four groups (n=12). Each group received all-ceramic CAD/CAM crown preparations featuring axial wall heights of 0, 1, 2, and 3 mm, respectively, all with a 10° total occlusal convergence. Scanned preparations were fitted with lithium disilicate all-ceramic crowns that were luted with a self-etching resin cement. Specimens were tested to failure at a 45° angle to the tooth long axis with failure load converted to megapascals (MPa) based on the measured bonding surface area. Mean data were analyzed using analysis of variance/Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). Results: Lithium disilicate crowns adhesively luted on preparations with 0 axial wall height demonstrated significantly less failure resistance compared with the crowns luted on preparations with axial wall heights of 1 to 3 mm. There was no failure stress difference between preparations with 1 to 3 mm axial wall height. Conclusions: Under conditions of this study, adhesively luted lithium disilicate bicuspid crowns with a total occlusal convergence of 10° demonstrated similar failure resistance independent of axial wall height of 1 to 3 mm. This study provides some evidence that adhesion combined with an ideal total occlusal convergence may compensate for reduced axial wall height.

scholarly journals In vitro Study of the Effect of Internal Relief Space on the Color of Ceramic Laminate Veneer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (D) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Abd El Azeem Mostafa ◽  
Cherif A. Mohsen
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Color Change ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam

BACKGROUND: Ceramic laminate veneer restoring is considered a challenging modality in solving various esthetic dental problems. AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of digital internal relief space on the color of ceramic laminate veneer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An acrylic central incisor model was prepared for ceramic laminate veneer with standard measures. The prepared acrylic resin dentotype model was scanned with intraoral computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) optical scanner (CEREC Omnicam|Dentsply Sirona). The laminate veneer design was planned on the optically scanned preparation on CAD/CAM system software (CEREC software|Dentsply Sirona). Thirty ceramic laminate veneer specimens were machined from zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Celtra Duo blocks, Dentsply/Sirona) according to standard design by CAD/CAM system with the change of the digital internal relief space settings. The specimens were divided into three groups according to their digital internal relief settings (IRS) (20, 60, and 100 μm) (n = 10). Thirty epoxy dies were duplicated from the prepared acrylic model. The ceramic laminate veneer specimens were cemented to epoxy dies with total etch resin cement system according to the manufacture instructions. The color change (ΔE) of the cemented ceramic laminate veneer specimens was measured by spectrophotometer (Vita Easy shade, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) using the CIELAB scale and L*, a*, b*. Each specimen was measured two times (before and after cementation). The value of color difference (ΔE) was calculated according to the formula: ΔE = [(L*2 - L*1)2 + (a*2 - a*1)2 + (b*2- b*1) 2]½. RESULTS: The highest mean value of ΔE was recorded in G100 group (1.91 ± 0.33), followed by G60 group (1.83 ± 0.09), with the least value recorded in G20 group (1.49 ± 0.49). Analysis of variance test revealed a statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.024). CONCLUSION: The change of the digital IRS affects the color of ceramic laminate veneers.

Computer Aided Design of Implant Based Dental Restorations

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming C. Leu ◽  
Amit Gawate
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Dental Restorations ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Cam Systems

Implant based dental restorations have many advantages over standard removable dentures because using implants can prevent the loss of jawbones, help restore facial features, and enable the patients to get firm bites. A critical step in this kind of restorations is the fabrication of the dental bar on which the denture sits. A dental bar is patient-specific because each patient’s jawbone is unique and the device needs to be conforming to the patient’s gingival surface. The design of a dental bar is crucial to the success of dental restorations. Traditionally, designing a dental bar is a lengthy and laborious process and requires high levels of craftsmanship. There have been attempts to develop CAD/CAM systems towards automating design and fabrication of dental restorations. However, currently available commercial CAD/CAM systems are only capable of making crowns, bridges, copings, onlays and veneers, and they are not capable of making dental restorations involving multiple teeth. The present paper describes a method for computer aided design of a dental bar used in implant based dental restorations. The method starts with a set of digital scan data representing the patient’s gingival surface and generates a CAD model of a dental bar that is ready for fabrication of a physical dental bar.

scholarly journals Digital restoration of maxillary central incisors after trauma using an intraoral scanner and a CAD/CAM system in an 11-year-old

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Digital Restoration ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Crowns ◽  
One Year ◽  
Aided Design

Background: Most dental trauma in children and adolescents involve anterior tooth fractures. Advancements in ceramics technology and in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems, have led to the technological abilities to produce single all-ceramic crowns with high biocompatibility, esthetics, and optimal mechanical properties. However, there is no information regarding the use of this technique in children. Case report:Treatment of extensive crown fractures on an 11 years old patient using a chairside CAD/CAM technology. The teeth were scanned and the restorations were fabricated using the manufacturing unit of the CAD/CAM system and glazed to the appropriate tooth color. At a follow up visits the restorations kept their strength and esthetic appearance (one year follow up). Conclusion: The digital restoration treatment is especially suitable for treating children with dental trauma. It has the advantage of better esthetic, functional and durable results compering to conventional restorations, and it often requires only a single session.

scholarly journals Computer aided design and manufacturing of dental restorations - “computerized impression” technology

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Todorovic ◽  
Vojkan Lazic
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Measurement ◽  
Dental Restorations ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Cam Systems

CAD/CAM technology (Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing) in the matter of fact helps in design and development of two-dimensional or three-dimensional models and their realization on numerical controlled machines. The key to direct or indirect CAD/CAM dental restorations is the measurement of dental preparation in the mouth or on the plaster die. The aim of this paper is to describe the possibilities and the way of function of different computer aided inspection (CAI) systems as a first part of CAD/CAM systems. Different researchers have presented several approaches of methods for three dimensional (3D) measurement. Today, for chairside dental treatment, only the optical method of measurement has lead to satisfactory results in practice. Laboratory CAD/CAM systems use mechanical and optical technologies for 3D measurement. Optical impression grows as a leader of CAI segment of almost every new CAD/CAM system. The most important properties of 3D scanners are: accuracy, volume and speed of measurement and ergonomy of instrument. .

scholarly journals Efeito da fumaça de cigarro e escovação simulada na cêramica vítrea de dissilicato de lítio CAD/CAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e7296
Author(s):  
Magna Andréa Rabêlo Diógenes ◽  
Francisca Tauliane Lemos de Castro ◽  
Samara Kelly da Silva Cavalcante ◽  
Ana Carolina Matias Dinelly Pinto ◽  
Pedro Henrique Chaves Isaias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

Objetivo: Revisar acerca do efeito da fumaça do cigarro, associada ou não à escovação, na rugosidade superficial e na microdureza de uma cerâmica vítrea de dissilicato de lítio “Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing” (CAD/CAM). Métodos: Pesquisaram-se os descritores cadastrados no MeSH “lithium disilicate”, “smoking”, “CAD CAM”, “brushing”, “rough”, “hardness”, combinados entre si pelo operador booleano “AND”, na base de dados PubMed nos últimos 5 anos. Resultados: De acordo com a pesquisa, foram encontrados 625 artigos e selecionados 12 estudos in vitro. 5 estudos concluíram que as restaurações cerâmicas CAD/CAM apresentaram estabilidade de cor e de rugosidade da superfície, após escovação simulada e termociclagem.  4 estudos observaram que a escovação simulada e algumas bebidas aumentaram significativamente a rugosidade superficial da cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio. 3 estudos inferiram que a rugosidade superficial e a microdureza podem ser influenciadas pelos tratamentos de superfícies. Considerações finais: As cerâmicas de dissilicato de lítio CAD/CAM possuem propriedades satisfatórias em relação a sua resistência e estética, após exposição à fumaça do cigarro, associada ou não com a escovação.

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