scholarly journals Solar Potential in Saudi Arabia for Southward-Inclined Flat-Plate Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4101
Author(s):  
Ashraf Farahat ◽  
Harry D. Kambezidis ◽  
Mansour Almazroui ◽  
Emad Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Energy Zone ◽  
Correct Energy

The major objective of the present work is to investigate into the appropriate tilt angles of south-oriented solar panels in Saudi Arabia for maximum performance. This is done with the estimation of the annual energy sums received on surfaces with tilt angles in the range 15°–55° inclined to south at 82 locations covering all Saudi Arabia. The analysis shows that tilt angles of 20°, 25° and 30° towards south are the optimum ones depending on site. These optimum tilt angles define three distinct solar energy zones in Saudi Arabia. The variation of the energy sums in each energy zone on annual, seasonal and monthly basis is given; the analysis provides regression equations for the energy sums as function of time in each case. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the annual global inclined solar energy in Saudi Arabia is shown in a solar map specially derived. The annual energy sums are found to vary between 1612 kWhm−2year−1 and 2977 kWhm−2year−1 across the country. Finally, the notion of a correction factor is introduced, defined, and employed. This factor can be used to correct energy values estimated by a reference ground albedo to those based on near-real ground albedo.

scholarly journals Solar Potential in Saudi Arabia for Flat-Plate Surfaces of Varying Tilt Tracking the Sun

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11564
Author(s):  
Harry D. Kambezidis ◽  
Ashraf Farahat ◽  
Mansour Almazroui ◽  
Emad Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Real Value

The objective of the present work is to investigate the performance of flat-plate solar panels in Saudi Arabia that continuously follow the daily motion of the sun. To that end, the annual energy sums are estimated for such surfaces at 82 locations covering all Saudi Arabia. All calculations use a surface albedo of 0.2 and another one with a near-real value. The variation of the solar energy sums on annual, seasonal, and monthly basis is given for near-real ground albedos; the analysis provides regression equations for the energy sums as function of time. A map of the annual inclined solar energy for Saudi Arabia is derived and presented. The annual energy sums are found to vary between 2159 and 4078 kWhm−2year−1. Finally, a correction factor, introduced in a recent publication, is used; it is confirmed that the linear relationship between the correction factor and the ground-albedo ratio is general enough to be graphically representable as a nomogram. A discussion regarding the differences among solar systems on horizontal, fixed-tilt, 1-axis, and 2-axis systems is presented.

scholarly journals Solar Potential in Saudi Arabia for Inclined Flat-Plate Surfaces of Constant Tilt Tracking the Sun

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7105
Author(s):  
Ashraf Farahat ◽  
Harry D. Kambezidis ◽  
Mansour Almazroui ◽  
Mohammed Al Al Otaibi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
General Application ◽  
Real Value ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the present work is to investigate the optimally performing tilt angles in Saudi Arabia of solar panels that follow the daily motion of the Sun. To that end, the annual energy sums are estimated for surfaces with tilt angles in the range 5°–55° at 82 locations covering all Saudi Arabia. All calculations use a surface albedo of 0.2 and a near-real value, too. It is found that tilt angles of 40°, 45°, and 50°, respectively, are optimal for the three recently defined solar energy zones in Saudi Arabia. The variation of the energy sums in each energy zone on annual, seasonal and monthly basis is given for near-real ground albedos; the analysis provides regression equations for the energy sums as functions of time. A map of the annual global inclined solar energy for Saudi Arabia is derived and presented. The annual energy sums are found to vary between 2159 kWhm−2year−1 and 4078 kWhm−2year−1. Finally, a correction factor, introduced in a recent publication, is used; it is confirmed that the relationship between the correction factor and either the tilt angle or the ground-albedo ratio has a general application and it may constitute a nomogram.

scholarly journals Investigation of Performance of Solar Flat and Curved Plate Collectors through Numerical Simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Luqman Ahmed Pirzada ◽  
Xiaoli Wu . ◽  
Qaiser Ali ◽  
Asif Khateeb .
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Flat Plate Collector

Solar energy is radiant light as a form of thermal heat energy which can be obtained and used by means of a variety of solar apparatus. As apparatus the flat and curved plate solar collector is specifically designed for assembling solar energy as a solar water heater system. The designing potency of this collector lone can generate medium level hot water from radiant sunlight source via absorbed plates. Standard type flat and curved plates solar collector plates are mostly used in remote coldest regions of the world where hot water is consumed for commercial and domestic purposes. These types of solar collector Plates can cheaply be manufactured compared to other solar panels like solar Shingles, Polycrystalline Solar Panels, Mono-crystalline Solar Panels, and Thin Film Solar Panels. For future work, this proposed pre-design is recommended for fabrication. A numerical study was carried-out on eight city locations in China by tracing their horizontal and vertical longitudinal, latitudinal lines noting the date, time and sunlight feeding of temperatures in the Celsius scale with the help of simulation and modeling tools like CFD, ANSYS FLUENT software, mesh geometry tools, and by using the Navier-Stokes and Continuity equations by fluid flow discharge rate, mass flow, water temperature and dropping of temperature, radiation working mechanisms, dimensions of water flowing tubes and absorber plates, density, the velocity of water as the working fluid, the viscosity of water in a cold and hot state as a process of Pre-design. Work also focuses on the comparison between flat plate collector and curved plate collector radiant sunlight absorption, As end result it is found the Curved plate collector produces 22% more elevated heat of outgoing water than flat plate collector.

On Optimizing Solar Collectors Orientation Under Daily Nonrandom Cloudiness Conditions

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-348
Author(s):  
M. Segal ◽  
R. A. Pielke ◽  
Y. Ookouchi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Energy Gains ◽  
Geographical Locations

Seasonal daily nonrandom cloudiness is typical in many geographical locations. Optimization of flat-plate solar collectors orientation in such situations requires azimuth and tilt modifications from those when daily cloudiness is random. The present study evaluates the significance of optimizing solar radiation gains, while considerating an illustrative case of nonrandom afternoon/morning cloudiness. Results suggest that for fixed flat-plate collectors the related gain in solar energy is practically insignificant. For nonfixed collectors the solar energy gains can be improved on a monthly basis by up to ∼6 percent.

Spatial Simulation of Precipitation Resources in Chongqing

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4261-4265
Author(s):  
Xiao Song Lin ◽  
Sha Sha Yu ◽  
Hai Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Regional Difference ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Spatial Simulation ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Spatial Interpolation Method ◽  
Precise Simulation

Years’ precipitation data of Chongqing from 101 metrological stations has been adopted in the paper and the regression equations between annual precipitation and altitude, longitude, and height have been obtained by the use of SPSS, then elaborate simulation of Chongqing’s precipitation resources based on regression analysis was completed through the 1km×1km grid system and fitted equation. Elaborated simulation of precipitation resources was realized by best spatial interpolation method with the support of GIS; then the results of two different simulation methods were coupled in the form of linear combination to obtain the coupling simulation of spatial distribution of Chongqing’s precipitation resources, finally the precipitation resources were summed up and distributed according to different administration areas at county level and thus obtain precise simulation data of precipitation resources in each county of Chongqing. The results showed that there is a remarkable regional difference in the spatial distribution of precipitation resources of Chongqing, and it decreases from the southeast to the northwest in general, with the annual precipitation higher than 1270mm in southeast and lower than 1080mm in northwest.

scholarly journals Solar Energy Absorbed Thermosyphon Flat Plate Collector Analysis Using Cu/H2O Nanofluid – An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 100028
Author(s):  
L. Syam Sundar ◽  
V. Punnaiah ◽  
Manoj K. Singh ◽  
António M.B. Pereira ◽  
António C.M. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Flat Plate Collector
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