scholarly journals Compton Scattering Imaging of Liquid Water in Porous Carbon-Based Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3851
Author(s):  
Naruki Tsuji ◽  
Yoichiro Tsuji ◽  
Yoshiharu Uchimoto ◽  
Hideto Imai ◽  
Yoshiharu Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Light Element ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depth Dependency ◽  
Carbon Based

Synchrotron-based Compton scattering imaging with intense high-energy X-rays allows the visualization of light element substances in an electrochemical device under an operando condition. In this study, we apply this imaging technique to a water-contained, porous carbon-based composite, which is used as a material for the gas diffusion layer in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Analyses of the two-dimensional intensity images of Compton scattered X-rays provide the cross-sectional distributions of liquid water, as well as the depth dependency of the water content. In addition, the analyses reveal a significant interaction between the carbon materials and water droplets.

High-Energy Inelastic-Scattering Beamline for Electron Momentum Density Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Compton Scattering ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Momentum Density ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Magnetic Structures ◽  
Momentum Resolution

The advent of synchrotron radiation sources for well polarized and high-energy X-rays offers new opportunities for exploiting Compton scattering spectroscopy as a tool for investigating the electronic and magnetic structures of materials. Recent high-resolution Compton scattering experiments show the unique capability for the study of Fermiology-related issues and electron–electron correlation effects. Intense, high-energy and circularly polarized X-ray sources have improved magnetic Compton scattering spectroscopy from the point of statistical accuracy and momentum resolution. As a next advance, a high-energy inelastic scattering beamline dedicated to Compton scattering spectroscopies is being constructed at SPring-8. The light source is an elliptic multipole wiggler with a periodic length of 12 cm. The beamline includes two experimental stations: one is for high-resolution spectroscopy using 100–150 keV X-rays and the other is for magnetic Compton scattering experiments using circularly polarized 300 keV X-rays. The use of such high-energy X-rays makes it possible to carry out experiments efficiently on samples including heavier elements, such as high-T c superconductors and 4f and 5f magnetic materials.

Numerical Simulation of Liquid Water Behavior in Separator-Channels in PEMFC Using LBM

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Tabe ◽  
Takamichi Ochi ◽  
Kazushige Kikuta ◽  
Takemi Chikahisa ◽  
Hideki Shinohara
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Layer ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Gas Diffusion Layer ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Water Behavior ◽  
Condensed Water

In a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, the condensed water in the separator-channel prevents the supply of reactants to electrodes, which deteriorates the cell performance. The Lattice Boltzmann simulation has been conducted to understand the behavior of condensed water in the separator-channels. The scheme for the two-phase flow with large density difference was applied and the boundary condition for wettability at the corner inside the channel was examined. The present simulation demonstrates the effects of the cross-sectional shape, the wettability of channel and the volume of condensed water on the liquid water behavior. In the hydrophilic separator-channels, the liquid water spreads along the channel wall to form film and, in a specific condition, the water draws away from the gas diffusion layer, which suppresses the flooding. On the other hand, the liquid water forms sphere, covering larger area of the surface of gas diffusion layer in the hydrophobic separator-channels, but the drain performance of liquid water is superior.

scholarly journals Dependency of Charge-Discharge Rate on Lithium Reaction Distributions for a Commercial Lithium Coin Cell Visualized by Compton Scattering Imaging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Suzuki ◽  
Ryo Kanai ◽  
Naruki Tsuji ◽  
Hisao Yamashige ◽  
Yuki Orikasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Positive Electrodes ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Charge Discharge

In this study, lithium reaction distributions, dependent on charge-discharge rate, were nondestructively visualized for a commercial lithium-ion battery, using the Compton scattering imaging technique. By comparing lithium reaction distributions obtained from two different charge-discharge speeds, residual lithium ions were detected at the center of the negative electrode on a fully discharged state, by relatively high-speed discharge rate. Moreover, we confirmed that inhomogeneous reactions were facilitated on a relatively high-speed charge-discharge rate, in both the negative and positive electrodes. A feature of our technique is that it can be applied to commercially used lithium-ion batteries, because it uses high-energy X-rays with a high penetration power. Our technique thus opens a novel analyzing pathway for developing advanced batteries.

scholarly journals Suzaku observation of Jupiter’s X-rays around solar maximum

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Numazawa ◽  
Yuichiro Ezoe ◽  
Kumi Ishikawa ◽  
Takaya Ohashi ◽  
Yoshizumi Miyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Compton Scattering ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Relativistic Electrons ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Diffuse Emission ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inverse Compton Scattering ◽  
Inverse Compton

Abstract We report on results of imaging and spectral studies of X-ray emission from Jupiter observed by Suzaku. In 2006, Suzaku found diffuse X-ray emission in 1–5 keV associated with Jovian inner radiation belts. It has been suggested that the emission is caused by the inverse-Compton scattering by ultra-relativistic electrons (∼50 MeV) in Jupiter’s magnetosphere. To confirm the existence of this emission and to understand its relation to the solar activity, we conducted an additional Suzaku observation in 2014 around the maximum of the 24th solar cycle. As a result, we successfully found the diffuse emission around Jupiter in 1–5 keV again, and also found point-like emission in 0.4–1 keV. The luminosity of the point-like emission, which was probably composed of solar X-ray scattering, charge exchange, or auroral bremsstrahlung emission, increased by a factor of ∼5 with respect to the findings from 2006, most likely due to an increase of the solar activity. The diffuse emission spectrum in the 1–5 keV band was well-fitted with a flat power-law function (Γ = 1.4 ± 0.1) as in the past observation, which supported the inverse-Compton scattering hypothesis. However, its spatial distribution changed from ∼12 × 4 Jovian radius (Rj) to ∼20 × 7 Rj. The luminosity of the diffuse emission increased by the smaller factor of ∼3. This indicates that the diffuse emission is not simply responding to the solar activity, which is also known to cause little effect on the distribution of high-energy electrons around Jupiter. Further sensitive study of the spatial and spectral distributions of the diffuse hard X-ray emission is important to understand how high-energy particles are accelerated in Jupiter’s magnetosphere.

scholarly journals Cobs Porous Carbon-Based Materials With High Energy And Excellent Cycle Stability For Supercapacitor Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Kigozi ◽  
Richard K Koech ◽  
Kingsley Orisekeh ◽  
Ravi Kali ◽  
Omar L M Kamoga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
Supercapacitor Applications ◽  
Maize Cobs ◽  
Carbon Based

Abstract Background and purpose: For application in supercapacitors, improving the efficiency of the electrode materials is the most important for obtaining high performance. Porous carbon with suitable architectures is reliable for improved electrochemical capacitors. In this study, we optimized the maize cobs as a potential abundant precursor for the production of porous carbon supercapacitor applications. This research study aimed to advance on the activation method for Activation of the biomass and to up-cycling agricultural biomass into carbon-based porous materials for supercapacitor electrode application. The carbonized samples were kept in a desiccator for 3 hours to allow intercalation and interaction of the carbon lattice expansion by K+ ion before Activation [Topic, RQ]. Results: The physical and chemical characterization of the synthesized materials was carried out several techniques for determining different properties of the activated carbon from maize cobs, including; structural-functional groups, morphology, chemical composition, physical properties and electrochemical performance. The results revealed surface structure with oxygen-based functional groups carried by XPS and FTIR, the amorphous nature by XRD, high-temperature stability to degradation by TGA/DSC, among others. Also, the structural characterization revealed a BET specific surface area of 1443.94 m2/g with a pore volume of 0.7915cm3/g. Symmetric devices based on the produced materials delivered a specific capacitance of 358.7F/g with an energy density of 12.45 Wh/kg and a corresponding power density of 250 W/kg at 0.5A/g [Outcome]. Conclusions: The as-prepared electrodes exhibited excellent stability with the capacitance retention of 99% at the maximum potential for a repeated 10hr to a total of 130 h. The industries can commercialise these activated carbon materials for application in energy storage systems and water purification due to their porosity and high-temperature resistance to degradation [Contributions].

Edge-Enriched, Porous Carbon-Based, High Energy Density Supercapacitors for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

ChemSusChem ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Jung Kim ◽  
Cheol-Min Yang ◽  
Ki Chul Park ◽  
Katsumi Kaneko ◽  
Yoong Ahm Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Carbon Based

scholarly journals In operandoquantitation of Li concentration for a commercial Li-ion rechargeable battery using high-energy X-ray Compton scattering

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1006-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Suzuki ◽  
Ayahito Suzuki ◽  
Taiki Ishikawa ◽  
Masayoshi Itou ◽  
Hisao Yamashige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Compton Scattering ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Rechargeable Battery ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scattered Energy ◽  
Negative Electrodes ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
In Operando

Compton scattering is one of the most promising probes for quantitating Li underin operandoconditions, since high-energy X-rays, which have high penetration power, are used as the incident beam and the Compton-scattered energy spectrum has specific line-shapes for each element. Anin operandoquantitation method to determine the Li composition in electrodes has been developed by using line-shape (S-parameter) analysis of the Compton-scattered energy spectrum. In this study,S-parameter analysis has been applied to a commercial coin cell Li-ion rechargeable battery and the variation of theS-parameters during the charge/discharge cycle at the positive and negative electrodes has been obtained. By using calibration curves for Li composition in the electrodes, the change in Li composition of the positive and negative electrodes has been determined using theS-parameters simultaneously.

scholarly journals Densitometry and temperature measurement of combustion gas by X-ray Compton scattering

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Sakurai ◽  
Nobuyuki Kawahara ◽  
Masayoshi Itou ◽  
Eiji Tomita ◽  
Kosuke Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Combustion Reaction ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Position Dependence

Measurement of combustion gas by high-energy X-ray Compton scattering is reported. The intensity of Compton-scattered X-rays has shown a position dependence across the flame of the combustion gas, allowing us to estimate the temperature distribution of the combustion flame. The energy spectra of Compton-scattered X-rays have revealed a significant difference across the combustion reaction zone, which enables us to detect the combustion reaction. These results demonstrate that high-energy X-ray Compton scattering can be employed as anin situtechnique to probe inside a combustion reaction.

scholarly journals Compton scattering imaging of a working battery using synchrotron high-energy X-rays

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Itou ◽  
Yuki Orikasa ◽  
Yuma Gogyo ◽  
Kosuke Suzuki ◽  
Hiroshi Sakurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Positive Electrode ◽  
Electrochemical Cells ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Coin Cell ◽  
Intensity Map

Results of studies on Compton scattering imaging using synchrotron high-energy X-rays are reported. The technique is applied to a discharging coin cell, and the intensity of Compton scattered X-rays from the inside of the cell has been measured as a function of position and time. The position–time intensity map captures the migration of lithium ions in the positive electrode and reveals the structural change due to the volume expansion of the electrode. This experiment is a critical step in developing synchrotron-based Compton scattering imaging for electrochemical cells at a product level.

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