scholarly journals Comparison of Economic Performance of Lead-Acid and Li-Ion Batteries in Standalone Photovoltaic Energy Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3587
Author(s):  
Javier Carroquino ◽  
Cristina Escriche-Martínez ◽  
Luis Valiño ◽  
Rodolfo Dufo-López
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Lead Acid

Standalone renewable energy systems usually incorporate batteries to get a steady energy supply. Currently, Li-ion batteries are gradually displacing lead-acid ones. In practice, the choice is made without previous comparison of its profitability in each case. This work compares the economic performance of both types of battery, in five real case studies with different demand profiles. For each case, two sets of simulations are carried out. In one of the sets, the energy demand is supplied by a standalone photovoltaic system and, in the other one, by a standalone hybrid photovoltaic-diesel system. Through optimization processes, the economic optimum solutions are obtained. In addition, sensitivity analyses on various parameters have been carried out, seeking the influence in favor of one or another type of battery. The results show that if the type of battery is changed, to achieve the economic optimum the entire system must be resized. In some cases, the economic optimum is reached with Li-ion and in others with lead-acid batteries, depending on the demand profiles. Thus, both types of batteries can be profitable options in standalone energy systems, with a greater tendency to lead-acid in fully photovoltaic systems and to Li-ion in hybrids. The price reductions that would make Li-ion the only choice is quantified.

scholarly journals Techno-economic analysis of the Li-ion batteries and reversible fuel cells as energy-storage systems used in green and energy-efficient buildings

Clean Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mayyas ◽  
Assia A Chadly ◽  
Iman Khaleel ◽  
Maher Maalouf
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Building Site ◽  
Li Ion

Abstract Green buildings have become broadly adopted in commercial and residential sectors with the objective of minimizing environmental impacts through reductions in energy usage and water usage and, to a lesser extent, minimizing environmental disturbances from the building site. In this paper, we develop and discuss a techno-economic model for a green commercial building that is 100% powered by a photovoltaic (PV) system in stand-alone configuration. A medium-sized office building in El Paso, TX was modelled to rely on a photovoltaic system to supply all of its electricity needs either directly from the PV system or through an energy-storage system (ESS) using Li-ion batteries (LIBs) or reversible fuel cells (RFCs). Cost results show that a 400-kW PV system can generate electricity at a cost of 2.21 cents/kWh in El Paso, TX and the average levelized cost of energy storage (LCOS) using 450-kW RFC is ~31.3 cents/kWh, while this could reach as low as 25.5 cents/kWh using a small LIB ESS. While the RFC provides the flexibility required to meet building-energy demand, LIBs may not be able to meet building needs unless the storage size is increased substantially, which in turn incurs more energy-storage cost, making LIBs less favourable from an economic perspective. Sensitivity analysis revealed that capital cost, discount rate and expected system lifetime play key roles in shaping the LCOS in both systems.

scholarly journals A Robust Optimization for Designing a Charging Station Based on Solar and Wind Energy for Electric Vehicles of a Smart Home in Small Villages

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Ahadi ◽  
Shrutidhara Sarma ◽  
Jae Sang Moon ◽  
Jang Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Charging Station

In recent years, integration of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased dramatically due to their lower carbon emissions and reduced fossil fuel dependency. However, charging EVs could have significant impacts on the electrical grid. One promising method for mitigating these impacts is the use of renewable energy systems. Renewable energy systems can also be useful for charging EVs where there is no local grid. This paper proposes a new strategy for designing a renewable energy charging station consisting of wind turbines, a photovoltaic system, and an energy storage system to avoid the use of diesel generators in remote communities. The objective function is considered to be the minimization of the total net present cost, including energy production, components setup, and financial viability. The proposed approach, using stochastic modeling, can also guarantee profitable operation of EVs and reasonable effects on renewable energy sizing, narrowing the gap between real-life daily operation patterns and the design stage. The proposed strategy should enhance the efficiency of conventional EV charging stations. The key point of this study is the efficient use of excess electricity. The infrastructure of the charging station is optimized and modeled.

scholarly journals A HYBRID SOLAR-WIND ENERGY GENERATION APPROACH FOR SRI LANKA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S.L. Mendis ◽  
◽  
K.G.A.S. Waidyasekara ◽  
S.S.C. Ginthotavidana ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
National Level ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy

The escalation of global energy demand has enhanced the interest on renewable energy technologies worldwide. The reliance of a single energy source has become problematic, and hybrid renewable energy technology has been identified as a feasible solution. Producing energy to limitless increasing demand is a challenging issue faced by Sri Lanka nowadays. Although, there are some studies carried out for renewable energy systems, solar-wind based hybrid renewable systems is an understudied area in Sri Lankan context. Hence, this paper aims to explore the applicability of hybrid solar-wind renewable energy generation approach for Sri Lanka. The study follows a qualitative approach with semi structured interviews from eight industrial experts, and manual content analysis technique was used for data analysis. The paper discussed the current installation practices of solar and wind technologies, applicability of hybrid solar and wind renewable energy systems and national level contribution for hybrid systems. Finally, a validated model was proposed to implement hybrid renewable energy generation systems for Sri Lanka.

IAEA INPRO Project: A Vision of How to Meet the Opportunities and Challenges of Large-Scale Nuclear Energy Development

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khoroshev ◽  
F. Depisch ◽  
S. Subbotin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
International Project ◽  
Fuel Cycles ◽  
Sustainable Energy Supply

The IAEA International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO) can be considered as the IAEA’s response to the challenges of growing energy demand. INPRO’s activities are intended to help to achieve one of the main objectives of the IAEA — to promote the development and peaceful use of nuclear energy. INPRO applies a carefully developed Methodology to assess Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems (INS) and to define R&D needs and deployment strategies for the development of large-scale regional and global INS. The purpose is to match the opportunities and challenges of sustainable energy supply provided by nuclear energy (NE) to the global balance of demands and resources.

scholarly journals Robust Design Optimization of Electromagnetic Actuators for Renewable Energy Systems Considering the Manufacturing Cost

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Deng ◽  
Xiaohan Liu ◽  
Guofu Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Robust Design ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Robust Design Optimization ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuators ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
The Impact

Power transmission and protection of power electronics–electromagnetic actuators are crucial parts in renewable energy systems (energy management of photovoltaic, wind power, hybrid and electric vehicles). Consistency optimization of electromagnetic actuators has attracted extensive attention from corporations in competitive markets. Robust design has been widely applied for reducing the influence of uncertainties in the manufacturing process to improve the consistency of product quality. However, the cost factors of the actual manufacturing process are not fully considered in state-of-art methods. Although the consistency has been improved, the optimization scheme may not be optimal from the perspective of engineering applications, because unnecessary cost increments may be produced. In this paper, an application-oriented robust design method for consistency optimization is proposed. The impact of tolerance values on quality loss and manufacturing cost can be considered simultaneously to guide the tolerance optimization process. Thus, the optimal solution of total loss is obtained by optimizing the quality fluctuation to the design objective with the minimum increment of manufacturing cost. An example of the consistency optimization of an electromagnetic actuator used in the photovoltaic system is presented to illustrate the procedure and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Investigation on Optimal Electric Energy Storage Capacity to Maximize Self-Consumption of Photovoltaic System

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Ruda Lee ◽  
Hyomun Lee ◽  
Dongsu Kim ◽  
Jongho Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems

Abstract Battery systems are critical factors in the effective use of renewable energy systems because the self-production of electricity by renewables for self-consumption has become profitable for building applications. This study investigates the appropriate capacity of the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) installed in all-electric zero energy power houses (AEZEPHs). The AEZEPH used for this study is a highly energy-efficient house. Its criteria indicate that all the electrical energy within the home is covered based on the generated electricity from on-site renewable energy systems, including that the annual net site energy use is almost equal to zero. The experiment for measured data of electricity consumed and generated in the buildings is conducted for a year (i.e., Jan. through Dec. 2014). Based on the measured data, patterns of the electricity consumed by the AEZEPH and generated by an on-site renewable energy system (i.e., photovoltaic (PV) system), and BESS's appropriate capacity is then analyzed and evaluated using the EES analysis tool, named Poly-sun. This study indicates that self-consumption can be increased up to 66% when the ESS system is installed and used during operating hours of the PV system. The amount of received electricity during the week tends to be reduced by about two times.

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