scholarly journals Strength Development and Microstructural Behavior of Soils Stabilized with Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA)-Based Geopolymer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3572
Author(s):  
Isam Adnan Khasib ◽  
Nik Norsyahariati Nik Daud ◽  
Noor Azline Mohd Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Direct Shear Tests ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel

Using geopolymer in soil stabilization has gained much attention recently due to its efficiency in improving soil properties and being environmentally friendly at the same time. This research aims to investigate the effect of palm oil fuel ash (POFA)-based geopolymer on soft soil stabilization. The mechanical and microstructural performance of two types of clay soil treated with geopolymer produce from POFA material was the focus of this study. In this respect, a series of unconfined compression and direct shear tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of soils treated with POFA-based geopolymer. Furthermore, the microstructural changes in the treated samples were analyzed using field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). In accordance with the results, it was indicated that the shear strength of both soils soared by increasing the dosage of POFA-based geopolymer. Geopolymer with 40% POFA of the dry weight of soils yielded the highest UCS value at both curing periods, 7 and 28 days. Furthermore, the microstructural analysis revealed material modifications (N-A-S-H gel formation) related to strength enhancement. These results suggest the potentiality of using a POFA-based geopolymer binder to stabilize soft soil.

Physical and Mechanical Study of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) based Geopolymer as a Stabilizer for Soft Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isam Adnan Khasib ◽  
Nik Norsyahariati Nik Daud
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel ◽  
Geopolymer Binder

Construction of structures on soft soil is a challenging task and considered as one of the biggest concerns in geotechnical engineering. Binders that are environmentally friendly such as fly ash based geopolymer have been explored widely. In this study, the agro-waste material, Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) was used to produce an environmentally friendly geopolymer binder to be used in soft soil stabilization. POFA was used in three ratios; 10%, 20% and 30% of dry weight of soil to produce geopolymer. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used as an alkali activator at 12 molarity along with sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). Physical properties of soil (Atterberg Limits, Plasticity Index, and Linear Shrinkage Limit) and compaction assessment; before and after mixing with the geopolymer binder were investigated. The studied soil was classified as an inorganic high plasticity silt (MH), according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). From compaction results; optimum moisture content (OMC) values showed a decreased pattern from 24.7% to 17.5%; and maximum dry density (MDD) increased from 1.37 Mg/m3 to 1.73 Mg/m3 for geopolymer with POFA ranging from 0% to 30% of the dry weight of soil, respectively. The optimum dosage of POFA based geopolymer was found to be 30% according to all tests mentioned. These properties suggest the potential use of the agro-waste based geopolymer binder to stabilize the soft soil.

THE EFFECT OF OIL PALM KERNEL SHELL IN PRODUCING DIFFERENT TYPES OF POFA BASED MORTAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim ◽  
Mohd Warid Hussin ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam ◽  
Mostafa Samadi ◽  
Mohamed A. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Oil Fuel

This paper presents the utilization of palm oil fuel ash and oil palm kernel shell as cement and sand replacement, respectively in the production of palm oil fuel ash based mortar mixes as part of new and innovative materials in the construction industry. The study includes basic properties such as water absorption, density, compressive strength, and microstructure test with regards to variations in the mix design process. In order to get better performance in terms of strength development, the ash used was subjected to heat treatment and grounded to the size of less than 2 µm. High volume of 80% palm oil fuel ash was used as cement replacement, while 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of oil palm kernel shell was used as sand replacement. The results indicated that the density of the mortar decreases with increasing volume of oil palm kernel ash as sand replacement. Three different types of mortar were produced with different percentages of oil palm kernel shell, which was high strength, medium strength, and low strength lightweight mortars.

The Effect of Eggshell Powder as an Accelerator for Blended Cement Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1032-1036
Author(s):  
Nur Nadhira Abdul Rasid ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam ◽  
Azman Mohamed ◽  
Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim ◽  
Zaiton Abdul Majid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Early Strength ◽  
Oil Fuel ◽  
Silica Oxide

Blended concrete has later strength development with long maturity strength development. An accelerator is thus needed to enhance the early strength development of concrete. This paper shows the combination of ground palm oil fuel ash and eggshell powder that was designed for later and early strength development, respectively. Two types of eggshell powder were utilised in concrete: uncarbonised eggshell powder and decarbonised eggshell powder. The study was initiated with compression test for concrete curing at age 1, 3, 7, and 28 days followed by rapid evaluation test of setting time to investigate the preliminary performance between materials. The results revealed decarbonised eggshell powder as a high accelerator that can improve the early age of concrete strength development. Meanwhile, despite showing the best performance, uncarbonised eggshell powder is a very low accelerator thus not fit the purpose. In conclusion, the combination of ground palm oil fuel ash (rich with silica oxide) and decarbonised eggshell powder (rich with calcium oxide) provided dual function, where ground palm oil fuel ash and decarbonised eggshell powder took later and early strength development, respectively. The combination between silica oxide and calcium oxide in cementitious materials has potential to be utilised to enhance the early age of a blended concrete strength development.

scholarly journals The Effect of Variation of Molarity of Alkali Activator and Fine Aggregate Content on the Compressive Strength of the Fly Ash: Palm Oil Fuel Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iftekhair Ibnul Bashar ◽  
U. Johnson Alengaram ◽  
Mohd Zamin Jumaat ◽  
Azizul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Alkali Activator ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel

The effect of molarity of alkali activator, manufactured sand (M-sand), and quarry dust (QD) on the compressive strength of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and fly ash (FA) based geopolymer mortar was investigated and reported. The variable investigated includes the quantities of replacement levels of M-sand, QD, and conventional mining sand (N-sand) in two concentrated alkaline solutions; the contents of alkaline solution, water, POFA/FA ratio, and curing condition remained constant. The results show that an average of 76% of the 28-day compressive strength was found at the age of 3 days. The rate of strength development from 3 to 7 days was found between 12 and 16% and it was found much less beyond this period. The addition of 100% M-sand and QD shows insignificant strength reduction compared to mixtures with 100% N-sand. The particle angularity and texture of fine aggregates played a significant role in the strength development due to the filling and packing ability. The rough texture and surface of QD enables stronger bond between the paste and the fine aggregate. The concentration of alkaline solution increased the reaction rate and thus enhanced the development of early age strength. The use of M-sand and QD in the development of geopolymer concrete is recommended as the strength variation between these waste materials and conventional sand is not high.

Strength and Microstructure of Palm Oil Fuel Ash–Fly Ash–Soft Soil Geopolymer Masonry Units

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 04019164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patimapon Sukmak ◽  
Kittipong Kunchariyakun ◽  
Gampanart Sukmak ◽  
Suksun Horpibulsuk ◽  
Sippakarn Kassawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel ◽  
Masonry Units

scholarly journals Application of alkali-activated palm oil fuel ash reinforced with glass fibers in soil stabilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1552-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokmane Abdeldjouad ◽  
Afshin Asadi ◽  
R.J. Ball ◽  
Haslinda Nahazanan ◽  
Bujang B.K. Huat
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel ◽  
Alkali Activated

Palm oil fuel ash-soft soil geopolymer for subgrade applications: strength and microstructural evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patimapon Sukmak ◽  
Gampanart Sukmak ◽  
Suksun Horpibulsuk ◽  
Monthian Setkit ◽  
Sippakarn Kassawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Microstructural Evaluation ◽  
Oil Fuel

scholarly journals Stabilisation of soft soil using binary blending of high calcium fly ash and palm oil fuel ash

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassnen Jafer ◽  
William Atherton ◽  
Monower Sadique ◽  
Felicite Ruddock ◽  
Edward Loffill
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
High Calcium Fly Ash ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel

Compressive strength and microstructural analysis of fly ash/palm oil fuel ash based geopolymer mortar

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 532-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Ranjbar ◽  
Mehdi Mehrali ◽  
Arash Behnia ◽  
U. Johnson Alengaram ◽  
Mohd Zamin Jumaat
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel
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