scholarly journals Conventional Selection of Mechanical Fasteners for Flat Belts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2916
Author(s):  
Karol Konecki ◽  
Dominik Wojtkowiak ◽  
Krzysztof Talaśka ◽  
Andrzej Kołodziej ◽  
Grzegorz Domek
Keyword(s):  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Fabric Composite ◽  
Mechanical Fasteners ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
Mechanical Fastening ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Mechanical Fastener ◽  
The Right

Due to the variety of materials used for flat belts of belt conveyors and the further development of material engineering in relation to these belts, the methods of their connection become an increasingly problematic issue. The belts can be connected mainly in three ways: vulcanized (weldable or heat-weldable), glued or mechanically. The latter method is one of the simplest and most universal in terms of the material variety of belts; however, there are many design variations of mechanical fasteners, and each of them has a certain advantage in a narrow group of properties, e.g., the thickness spectrum of a conveyor belt, the minimum diameter of a drive roller or the range of transferable longitudinal loads. The objective of this paper is to analyze the design solutions of commercial mechanical fasteners used mainly for flat rubber-fabric, composite or plastic belts. To fulfill this goal, a preliminary analysis of the stress distribution for an exemplary solid mechanical fastener was carried out in two cases: during ramp-up and during circulating around the roll, followed by a detailed review of commercial solutions available on the market. In addition to determining the current state of knowledge and technology and determining the state of ignorance, special algorithm and design maps have been created, thanks to which the process of selecting the right mechanical fastening will be easier. The overview includes several tables with detailed information on individual connection properties. Additionally, several design aspects were derived, within which individual mechanical connections may differ. This is to enable the generation of customized solutions in the future by proposing an appropriate mathematical model, on the basis of which it will be possible to generate optimal design properties for a given application.

scholarly journals Modelling mechanical properties of the multilayer composite materials with the polyamide core

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 02052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Talaśka ◽  
Dominik Wojtkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Multilayer Composite ◽  
Thermosetting Polymers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Polyamide Film

Due to the wide range of application for belt conveyors, engineers look for many different combinations of mechanical properties of conveyor and transmission belts. It can be made by creating multilayer or fibre reinforced composite materials from base thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers. In order to gain high strength with proper elasticity and friction coefficient, the core of the composite conveyor belt is made of polyamide film core, which can be combined with various types of polymer fabrics, films or even rubbers. In this paper authors show the complex model of multilayer composite belt with the polyamide core, which can be used in simulation analyses. The following model was derived based on the experimental research, which consisted of tensile, compression and shearing tests. In order to achieve the most accurate model, proper simulations in ABAQUS were made and then the results were compared with empirical mechanical characteristics of a conveyor belt. The main goal of this research is to fully describe the perforation process of conveyor and transmission belts for vacuum belt conveyors. The following model will help to develop design briefs for machines used for mechanical perforation.

scholarly journals Coal Flowability Control on Preventing Spillage on Conveyor Belt Through Modeling and Simulation for Improving its Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-145
Author(s):  
Sabri Bahrun ◽  
Mohd Shahrizan Yusoff ◽  
Mohamad Sazali Said ◽  
Azmi Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Material ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Dem Simulation ◽  
Conveyor System ◽  
Average Production ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Belt Conveyors

Belt conveyors are generally used in mining plant areas, both surface and underground mines. The belt conveyor is mainly applied to transport the extracted bulk material from the mining site to delivery. The effectiveness of the extraction process depends on the reliability and durability of the conveyor belt system. In addition, conveyor performance is very important specially to control material flowability to prevent spills or other operational disturbances to optimize production throughput. However, the transfer chute and settling zone can cause some problems during the transfer process, such as material spills. This problem can reduce the function and performance of the conveyor belt. This paper discusses a design model to reduce the problem of spillage in the settling zone. The model was developed by compiling the previous defecting data from the durability of the conveyor system, then analyzed using Discrete Element Method (DEM) software and compared with bulk characteristics. The initial performance of certain conveyors is only capable of serving with an average production of 76% of the designed capacity while energy is consumed at full load. By applying the DEM simulation result, the blade gate can reduce the peak angle break in the depositional zone before exiting. After the analysis is completed using DEM, the conveyor increases the average production to 95% of the designed capacity. In conclusion, controlling the maximum belt load without spillage will reduce interruption on conveyor belt operation and maintenance costs therefore increase plant reliability and availability.

scholarly journals Words That Go Together: Teaching Collocations in the EFL Classroom

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Tünde Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Special Regard ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Right ◽  
Constituent Elements

Abstract Using the right collocations in a foreign language is often a challenge for language learners who may not be familiar with their use and characteristics. After presenting the types of collocations and the importance they have in the acquisition of a foreign language, the paper draws attention to the necessity of raising students’ awareness of collocations, and at the same time it reflects on possible ways of teaching them. Focusing especially on verb-noun collocations, the paper examines the learning materials used in the EFL classes at Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Miercurea Ciuc, with special regard to the exercises on these constructions. In line with construction grammar theories (Goldberg 1995, 1997, 2006), it is assumed that collocations are to be treated as constructions, pairings of form and meaning, including patterns with different degrees of predictability. Collocations, consisting of both predictable (e. g. read a book, blue sky) and non-predictable forms (e. g. run a program, safe and sound) can be more easily remembered if regarded as constructions where all the constituent elements contribute to the meaning of the construction as a whole (but whose meaning is more than the sum of the constituent elements). In order to gain a better understanding of collocations, the use of electronic corpora and electronic databases as well as additional materials on collocations that would complement the language materials used in class is highly encouraged. By making use of these resources, students can see examples of everyday language use and become more aware of the use of collocations as well as the similarities and differences between them in different languages.

scholarly journals Experimental tests of the impact of selected parameters on the indentation rolling resistances

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 00002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Woźniak ◽  
Lech Gładysiewicz ◽  
Martyna Konieczna
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Indentation Rolling Resistance ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
The Impact

Belt conveyors are main part of transporting systems in mines and in many other branches of industry. During conveyor belt works different types of resistances are generated. Indentation rolling resistance is the most significant component of the resistances from the perspective of energy losses and it cause the biggest costs as well. According to latest state of analyses and measurements it is well known that theoretical rolling resistance were underestimated in comparison with the measured in-situ one. In this paper new method for determination indentation rolling resistance is presented. The authors compared theoretically and experimentally established damping factors. The relation between these two values enabled to obtain more precise equation for damping function. This function is one of the most important component in calculation of the rolling resistance. In new theoretical model value of rolling resistance is nearly twice higher than this used so far.

Corrective Solutions for the Shaft with Flange Used for Fixing the Blade on a 5 kW Wind Turbine to Withstand Extreme Weather Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 1029 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Rodica Bădărău ◽  
Teodor Miloş ◽  
Ilare Bordeaşu ◽  
Adrian Bej
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Original Solution ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
Technical Solutions

The paper presents a case study on the original solution of a flange shaft as part of the root area of a 5 kW wind turbine blade. There were analyzed the causes that led to the shaft breakage under wind loadings in extreme weather conditions, and consequently technical solutions have been searched in order to improve the shaft design making it more reliable as mechanical strength at extreme wind loadings. The flange shaft is a welded subassembly that keeps the blades attached to the rotor hub. The first part of the paper consists in an analysis referring the loading status, the materials used for blade manufacturing, the identification of critical areas where the breaking was initiated and also the causes for which the materials assumed and specified in the technical design and manufacturing technology failed under loading at wind gusts of about 30 m/sec. Based on this preliminary analysis, the second part of the paper presents the technical solutions which were considered in reference to the materials and the improved design concept aiming to provide the right mechanical strength necessary to withstand specific wind loadings in extreme weather conditions.

Pulsed Ultraviolet Light Decontamination of Meat Conveyor Surfaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322110496
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Cassar ◽  
Edward W. Mills ◽  
Ali Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Surface Condition ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coated Fabric ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Xenon Flashlamp

Contact with continuous belt conveyors during processing results in opportunities for pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms to contaminate meat products. The objective of this project is to investigate the germicidal response on the surface of food-grade conveyor belt materials treated with pulsed ultraviolet (PUV) light. Four conveyor belt types including: a stainless-steel chain-link belt, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-coated fabric belt, a solid pliable polymer belt, and a rigid-linked polymer belt, were evaluated for the inactivation of Escherichia coli K12-NSR strain and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Prior to bacterial inoculation, samples were classified as soiled or unsoiled, based on the presence or absence of pork intramuscular fluid on the surfaces of the conveyor samples. Using a variable speed conveyor, equipped with a Xenon flashlamp positioned 10-cm above the surface, each belt sample was exposed to PUV light at three fixed conveyor speeds: 3.05, 15.24, and 30.48 cm/sec, resulting in a total energy exposure of 3.31, 0.66 and 0.33 J/cm2, respectively. For samples inoculated with E. coli K12-NSR, the surface condition (soiled or unsoiled) by treatment interaction was significant for microbial inactivation on the surface of the rigid polymer linked belt (P < 0.05). For samples inoculated with the LAB cocktail, the same interaction was significant for the PTFE-coated fabric belt and the solid pliable polymer belt (P < 0.05). Microbial reduction ranged from 0.74 to 5.04 log10 CFU/cm2 for E. coli K12-NSR and 0.63 to 4.61 Log10 CFU/cm2 for LAB for the evaluated treatment parameters. The results of this project demonstrate that PUV light is an effective means of decontamination for conveyor belts during food processing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of optic canal anatomy and symmetry using CT

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Yueh Lee ◽  
Daniel Olson ◽  
David Fleischman
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Optic Canal ◽  
Difference Threshold ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

ObjectiveWe aim to describe the anatomy and symmetry patterns of the optic canal in patients having undergone maxillofacial CT imaging.MethodsIn this retrospective chart review, we included all patients who received sinus and maxillofacial CT at the University of North Carolina hospitals between 2008 and 2016, without facial or cranial fractures or other medical conditions that would affect optic canal size. We measured the length of ≥75% enclosed canal, minimum cross-sectional area and minimum diameter bilaterally using iNtuition TeraRecon (Durham, North Carolina) and compared bilateral symmetry using a 20 % difference threshold. Each parameter above was compared among white, black, non-white and non-black patients.ResultsOf 335 patients, the mean canal length was 5.61±2.22 mm. The mean minimum area was 11.84±3.11 mm2. The mean minimum diameter was 3.28±0.55 mm. A total of 39.4% (132/335) of patients had asymmetric canal lengths, 18.8% (63/335) had asymmetric minimum areas, and 12.5% (42/335) had asymmetric minimum diameters. No differences were found between racial groups. The right optic canal was larger than the left (right: 12.12 mm vs left: 11.55 mm, p<0.0001).ConclusionOptic canal asymmetry is not uncommon. It may affect risk of papilloedema severity, explain cases of unilateral or asymmetric papilloedema and possibly asymmetric glaucoma.

scholarly journals A Computer Vision-Based Real-Time Load Perception Method for Belt Conveyors

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mengchao Zhang ◽  
Manshan Zhou ◽  
Hao Shi
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Conveyor System ◽  
Load Detection ◽  
Speed Regulation ◽  
Computer Vision Technology ◽  
Belt Conveyors ◽  
Energy Saving Control ◽  
Load Perception

Real-time load detection method for belt conveyors based on computer vision is the research topic of this paper. A belt conveyor system equipped with cameras and a laser generator is used as the test apparatus. As the basis for conveyor intelligent speed regulation, two methods from different angles to perceive the load of conveyor belt were proposed, applied, and compared in this paper. Method 1 is based on the area proportion and method 2 is the detection based on laser-based computer vision technology. Laboratory experiments show that both methods can well detect the load on the conveyor belt. Method 2 is more economical and practical under the background of existing technology, also compared to the method 1, which provides a new idea and theoretical basis for the energy-saving control and intelligent development of the conveyor.

Research of Particle Mechanics Application Based on Conveying Machinery

2014 ◽  
Vol 1021 ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Conveyer Belt ◽  
Friction Characteristics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Belt Conveyors

The conveyer belt is a major component of the conveyor , whose cost accounted for half of the of the entire cost of the conveyor. The loss of the conveyor is mainly due to the use of friction and wear generated in the process, so study on the friction characteristics is very meaningful. The friction and wear of the conveyor is one of the factors affecting their life. Therefore, conducting applied research on belt conveyors and mechanical analysis becomes increasingly important. In this paper, some qualitative research on the mechanical properties is carried out, starting from the application of the conveyor belt.

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