scholarly journals Influence of Silver Nanoparticles, Laser Light and Electromagnetic Stimulation of Seeds on Germination Rate and Photosynthetic Parameters in Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2780
Author(s):  
Agata Dziwulska-Hunek ◽  
Magdalena Kachel ◽  
Mariusz Gagoś ◽  
Mariusz Szymanek
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Electromagnetic Stimulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Greenness Index

The study aimed to determine the impact of laser light (L), magnetic stimulation (p) and silver nanocolloid (AgNC) on pumpkin seeds on the germination rate and content of photosynthetic pigments as well as the efficiency of photosynthesis and greenness index in the plant’s development stages. Seeds germinated after the use of various combinations of different refining techniques. The best results were observed for the alternating magnetic field, where the germination energy increased significantly by 20% relative to the control. A similar effect was observed in terms of germination capacity which increased by 4%. A decrease in terms of emergence rate was observed in all study groups. Leaves grown from seeds soaked in nanocolloidal silver on platters were characterised by a significantly higher content of chlorophyll a and b by, respectively, 53 and 11%, as well as 79% higher carotenoid content. The leaves of potted plants contained 42 and 43% more chlorophyll a in groups p and AgNC. In addition, 66 and 81% more carotenoids in groups L and p. At the stage of the onset of flowering of pumpkin, an improvement in terms of photosynthetic efficiency and greenness index was observed in all study groups. The highest improvement was recorded for seeds soaked in silver and reached 23% (intensity of photosynthesis) and 11% (greenness index SPAD).

scholarly journals Effect of Bacillus spp. and Brevibacillus sp. on the Photosynthesis and Redox Status of Solanum lycopersicum

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Marino Costa-Santos ◽  
Nuno Mariz-Ponte ◽  
Maria Celeste Dias ◽  
Luísa Moura ◽  
Guilhermina Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
The Impact

Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are gaining attention as a sustainable alternative to current agrochemicals. This study evaluated the impact of three Bacillus spp. (5PB1, 1PB1, FV46) and one Brevibacillus sp. (C9F) on the important crop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) using the model cv. ‘MicroTom’. The effects of these isolates were assessed on (a) seedlings’ growth and vigor, and (b) adult potted plants. In potted plants, several photosynthetic parameters (chlorophylls (a and b), carotenoids and anthocyanins contents, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, net CO2 photosynthetic rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration, and on chlorophyll fluorescence yields of light- and dark-adapted leaves)), as well as soluble sugars and starch contents, were quantified. Additionally, the effects on redox status were evaluated. While the growth of seedlings was, overall, not influenced by the strains, some effects were observed on adult plants. The Bacillus safensis FV46 stimulated the content of pigments, compared to C9F. Bacillus zhangzhouensis 5PB1 increased starch levels and was positively correlated with some parameters of the photophosphorylation and the gas exchange phases. Interestingly, Bacillus megaterium 1PB1 decreased superoxide (O2−) content, and B. safensis FV46 promoted non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses, increasing total phenol content levels. These results, conducted on a model cultivar, support the theory that these isolates differently act on tomato plant physiology, and that their activity depends on the age of the plant, and may differently influence photosynthesis. It would now be interesting to analyze the influence of these bacteria using commercial cultivars.

scholarly journals Influence of Electromagnetic Stimulation of Seeds on the Photosynthetic Indicators in Medicago sativa L. Leaves at Various Stages of Development

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Agata Dziwulska-Hunek ◽  
Agnieszka Kornarzyńska-Gregorowicz ◽  
Agnieszka Niemczynowicz ◽  
Arkadiusz Matwijczuk
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Alternating Magnetic Field ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Electromagnetic Stimulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exposition Time ◽  
Stimulation Of

The paper explores the impact of electromagnetic stimulation of Ulstar alfalfa seeds on fresh mass yield, the quantum efficiency of the plants’ photochemical reactions, and the content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves. Before sowing, seeds were subjected to electromagnetic stimulation in the following configurations: control (C), no stimulation; stimulation with He–Ne laser light with the wavelength of 632.8 nm, surface power density of 3 mW·cm−2 and exposition time of 1 min (L1) or 5 min (L5); stimulation with alternating magnetic field with the induction of 30 mT and exposition time of 1 min (F1) or 5 min (F5). It was established that the variability of alfalfa yields at the onset of anthesis was dependent on weather conditions as well as, above all, on the electromagnetic stimulation employed. At the same time, the values of fresh mass yield of alfalfa and photosynthetic efficiency were higher in the first year of cultivation (2014) compared to the last year (2016). In terms of photosynthetic efficiency, the best results were observed for L1 and F5, respectively: 0.801 and 0.800. The significantly highest values in terms of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid content were observed in 2014 at the onset of budding in the combination involving alternating magnetic field stimulation (F5), and were, respectively, 30%, 28% and 73% relative to the control.

ASSOCIATION OF PLATELET-DERIVED MICROVESICLES WITH HIGH ON-TREATMENT PLATELET REACTIVITY IN CONVALESCENT ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS TREATED WITH ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1426-1436
Author(s):  
Justyna Rosińska ◽  
Joanna Maciejewska ◽  
Robert Narożny ◽  
Wojciech Kozubski ◽  
Maria Łukasik
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Elevated concentrations of platelet-derived microvesicles are found in cerebrovascular diseases. The impact of acetylsalicylic acid on these microvesicles remains inconsistent, despite its well-established effect on platelet aggregation. High residual platelet aggregation is defined as high on-treatment platelet reactivity, while “treatment failure” is the occurrence of vascular events despite antiplatelet treatment. The aim of this study was to determine whether the antiaggregatory effect of acetylsalicylic acid correlates with platelet-derived microvesicles in convalescent ischaemic stroke patients and cardiovascular risk factor controls as well as to evaluate the association between high on-treatment platelet reactivity and recurrent vascular events with the studied platelet-derived microvesicle parameters. Materials and methods: The study groups consisted of 76 convalescent stroke patients and 74 controls. Total platelet-derived microvesicles, annexino-positive microvesicles number, and platelet-derived microvesicles with surface expression of proinflammatory (CD40L, CD62P, CD31) and procoagulant (PS, GPIIb/IIIa) markers were characterized and quantified using flow cytometry. Cyclooxygenase-1-specific platelet responsiveness, with whole blood impedance platelet aggregation under arachidonic acid stimulation and the serum concentration of thromboxane B2, were evaluated. Results: Neither acetylsalicylic acid intake nor modification of its daily dose caused statistically significant differences in the studied microvesicle parameters. Additionally, no statistically significant differences in the studied microvesicle parameters were revealed between high on-treatment platelet reactivity and non-high on-treatment platelet reactivity subjects in either study subgroup. However, elevated concentrations of PAC-1+/CD61+, CD62P+/CD61+ and CD31+/CD61+ microvesicles were found in stroke patients with treatment failure, defined in this study as a recurrent vascular events in a one-year follow-up period. Conclusions: This study revealed no relationship between circulating microvesicle number and platelet aggregation. The procoagulant and proinflammatory phenotype of circulating platelet-derived microvesicles might contribute to acetylsalicylic acid treatment failure.

scholarly journals Impact on Quality of Life of Patients Treated by Different File Systems for Root Canal Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.S. Priyanka ◽  
Lakshmi Nidhi Rao ◽  
Aditya Shetty ◽  
Mithra N. Hegde ◽  
Chitharanjan Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
File Systems ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The outcomes of oral health conditions and therapy for those conditions are described by the term “oral health-related quality of life.” Oral health-related quality of life is recognized by the World Health Organization as an important part of the Global Oral Health Program. The study aims to compare the impact of three root canal preparation systems on patients’ quality of life and correlate postoperative pain with the impact on the quality of life. Materials and Methods A survey was performed in which 90 patients were randomly assigned to three groups based on the root canal preparation system: (1) ProTaper Gold (Dentsply, Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States), (2) Neoendo flex (Neoendo, India),and (3) Hyflex EDM/CM (Coltene Whaledent) that included 30 participants in each group. Data collection included the implementation of a demographic data questionnaire, Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (quality of life), and visual analogue scale(pain). The questionnaire was given after root canal treatment in the first 24 hours. The data obtained were statistically analyzed. Results No significant differences were found in the quality of life among study groups. Group 1 demonstrated a highly significant difference in the postoperative pain with p value of 2.67. Conclusion Within the limitations of the present study, Protaper Gold showed a highly significant difference in postoperative pain when compared with other file systems. No significant differences were found in the quality of life among the study groups.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Two Generalist Predators on the Leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata Population Density

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Stefan Cristian Prazaru ◽  
Giulia Zanettin ◽  
Alberto Pozzebon ◽  
Paola Tirello ◽  
Francesco Toffoletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Orius Majusculus ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Pest Outbreaks ◽  
The Impact

Outbreaks of the Nearctic leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata represent a threat to vinegrowers in Southern Europe, in particular in North-eastern Italy. The pest outbreaks are frequent in organic vineyards because insecticides labeled for organic viticulture show limited effectiveness towards leafhoppers. On the other hand, the naturally occurring predators and parasitoids of E. vulnerata in vineyards are often not able to keep leafhopper densities at acceptable levels for vine-growers. In this study, we evaluated the potential of two generalist, commercially available predators, Chrysoperla carnea and Orius majusculus, in suppressing E. vulnerata. Laboratory and semi-field experiments were carried out to evaluate both species’ predation capacity on E. vulnerata nymphs. The experiments were conducted on grapevine leaves inside Petri dishes (laboratory) and on potted and caged grapevines (semi-field); in both experiments, the leaves or potted plants were infested with E. vulnerata nymphs prior to predator releases. Both predator species exhibited a remarkable voracity and significantly reduced leafhopper densities in laboratory and semi-field experiments. Therefore, field studies were carried out over two growing seasons in two vineyards. We released 4 O. majusculus adults and 30 C. carnea larvae per m2 of canopy. Predator releases in vineyards reduced leafhopper densities by about 30% compared to the control plots. Results obtained in this study showed that the two predators have a potential to suppress the pest density, but more research is required to define appropriate predator–prey release ratios and release timing. Studies on intraguild interactions and competition with naturally occurring predators are also suggested.

scholarly journals Potentiating Effect of Mandelate and Lactate on Chemically Induced Germination in Members of Bacillus cereus Sensu Lato

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair H. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Clostridium Sporogenes ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Significant Discovery ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Endospores of the genus Bacillus can be triggered to germinate by a limited number of chemicals. Mandelate had powerful additive effects on the levels and rates of germination produced in non-heat-shocked spores of Bacillus anthracis strain Sterne, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis when combined with l-alanine and inosine. Mandelate had no germinant effect on its own but was active with these germinants in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations higher than 0.5 mM. The maximum rate and extent of germination were produced in B. anthracis by 100 mM l-alanine with 10 mM inosine; this was equaled by just 25% of these germinants when supplemented with 10 mM mandelate. Half the maximal germination rate was produced by 40% of the optimum germinant concentrations or 15% of them when supplemented with 0.8 mM mandelate. Germination rates in B. thuringiensis were highest around neutrality, but the potentiating effect of mandelate was maintained over a wider pH range than was germination with l-alanine and inosine alone. For all species, lactate also promoted germination in the presence of l-alanine and inosine; this was further increased by mandelate. Ammonium ions also enhanced l-alanine- and inosine-induced germination but only when mandelate was present. In spite of the structural similarities, mandelate did not compete with phenylalanine as a germinant. Mandelate appeared to bind to spores while enhancing germination. There was no effect when mandelate was used in conjunction with nonnutrient germinants. No effect was produced with spores of Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium sporogenes, or C. difficile. IMPORTANCE The number of chemicals that can induce germination in the species related to Bacillus cereus has been defined for many years, and they conform to specific chemical types. Although not a germinant itself, mandelate has a structure that is different from these germination-active compounds, and its addition to this list represents a significant discovery in the fundamental biology of spore germination. This novel activity may also have important applied relevance given the impact of spores of B. cereus in foodborne disease and B. anthracis as a threat agent. The destruction of spores of B. anthracis, for example, particularly over large outdoor areas, poses significant scientific and logistical problems. The addition of mandelate and lactate to the established mixtures of l-alanine and inosine would decrease the amount of the established germinants required and increase the speed and level of germination achieved. The large-scale application of “germinate to decontaminate” strategy may thus become more practicable.

scholarly journals SPAD Leaf Greenness Index: Green Mass Yield Indicator of Maize (Zea mays L.), Genetic and Agriculture Practice Relationship

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 830
Author(s):  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Kamila Nowosad ◽  
Waldemar Zielewicz ◽  
Joanna Kobus-Cisowska
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Leaf Greenness ◽  
Greenness Index

The study presents the results of two field studies (Experiment I, Experiment II), whose aim was to assess the impact of agriculture factors on maize green mass and leaf greenness index (Soil and Plant Analysis Development, SPAD) in critical growth stages, as well as to determine the relationship between the SPAD index and the yield of green maize for ensiling. It was shown that thermal and humidity conditions in maize growing seasons determined the value of the SPAD leaf greenness index and the yield of maize harvested for silage. Row application of mineral fertilizer (N, NP) and selection of “stay-green” varieties guarantee a higher yield of maize green mass. Growing maize in direct sowing reduces chlorophyll content expressed in SPAD units, thereby reducing plant nitrogen condition, which significantly decreases the yield of biomass intended for silage. The SPAD leaf greenness index determined in critical stages of maize growth can be considered as a yield predictor of green mass for ensiling. The examined maize cultivars were divided into two groups on the basis of hierarchically grouping using the unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means. The first group comprised cultivars SY Cooky and Drim “stay-green,” while the second one included cultivars ES Paroli “stay-green” and ES Palazzo.

Altered plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid profile in elite female water polo and football players

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Arsić ◽  
Vesna Vučić ◽  
Jasna Tepšić ◽  
Sanja Mazić ◽  
Marina Djelić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The impact of chronic, intense exercise, such as in elite athletes, on phospholipids fatty acids (FA) composition has not been studied in women so far. This study aimed to investigate FA profiles in plasma and erythrocytes phospholipids in elite female water polo (N = 15) and football (N = 19) players in comparison with sedentary women. In spite of similar dietary patterns, as assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, plasma FA profile in the football players showed significantly higher proportions of stearic acid, oleic acid, and monounsaturated FA (MUFA), and significantly lower proportions of total and n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) than in the water polo and control group. The water polo players had higher percentages of palmitoleic acid and arachidonic acid than the control subjects. Erythrocyte FA profile differed among groups. We found significantly higher proportion of oleic acid and MUFA in the football group than in the controls, and decreased stearic acid and elevated palmitic and palmitoleic acid in the water polo players than in the other 2 groups. Both groups of athletes had significantly lower percentages of n-6 dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, n-6 PUFA, and total PUFA compared with the controls. The estimated activities of elongase and desaturases in erythrocytes were also altered in the athletes. Our results indicate that long-term, intense physical training significantly affects FA status of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids in women. The observed differences between the water polo and the football players suggest that the type of regular training may contribute to the altered metabolism of FA, although possible genetic differences among the 3 study groups cannot be ruled out.

An increase in water deficit has no impact on the photosynthetic capacity of field-grown Mediterranean plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Nogués ◽  
Leonor Alegre
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Relative Quantum ◽  
Mediterranean Plants ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quantum Efficiency Of Psii

In the Mediterranean, annual mean precipitation has continuously decreased over the last three years (by ca 36% in Barcelona), and the decrease has been dramatic during the summer (by ca 78 and 64% during July and August, respectively). The impact of increased drought on the photosynthetic capacity of Mediterranean vegetation is currently unknown. In this study, two native Mediterranean plants [rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.)] were grown outdoors and subjected to two water regimes (50 mm month–1 during the summer, or no supplementary water at all). Rosemary and lavender plants watered with 50 mm month–1 during the summer had higher relative leaf water content and water potential than non-watered plants. Changes in water status were accompanied by large decreases in parameters of gas exchange [i.e. the light-saturated rate of CO2 assimilation, the maximum velocity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation by Rubisco and the capacity for RuBP] and of modulated chlorophyll fluorescence (i.e. the relative quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry and the efficiency of energy capture by open PSII reaction centres) during the summer, but no differences were found in any photosynthetic parameters for leaves subjected to the two water regimes. The drought-induced decreases in the relative quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry in rosemary and lavender plants were attributable to ‘downregulation’ of electron transport. Photodamage to PSII in the field appeared to be a later effect of drought in these plants. Photorespiration was not a major mechanism protecting the photosynthetic apparatus of these plants from photodamage in the field. After the autumn rainfall, photosynthetic capacity fully recovered. We conclude that rosemary and lavender are well adapted to drought, and that an increase in water deficit is unlikely to have a significant impact on the photosynthetic capacity of leaves.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on CYP450 metabolic activities: protocol for a case–control pharmacokinetic study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e020922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Gravel ◽  
Jean-Louis Chiasson ◽  
Suzanne Dallaire ◽  
Jacques Turgeon ◽  
Veronique Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Probe Drug ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionDiabetes affects more than 9% of the adult population worldwide. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) show variable responses to some drugs which may be due, in part, to variability in the functional activity of drug-metabolising enzymes including cytochromes P450 (CYP450s). CYP450 is a superfamily of enzymes responsible for xenobiotic metabolism. Knowledge must be gained on the impact of T2DM and related inflammatory processes on drug metabolism and its consequences on drug response. The aim of this study is to characterise the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4/5 in T2DM versus non-T2DM subjects following the administration of a cocktail of probe drug substrates.Methods and analysisThis single-centre clinical study proposes the first detailed characterisation of T2DM impacts on major CYP450 drug-metabolising enzyme activities. We intend to recruit 42 patients with controlled T2DM (A1C≤7%), 42 patients with uncontrolled T2DM (A1C>7%) and 42 non-diabetic control subjects. The primary objective is to determine and compare major CYP450 activities in patients with T2DM versus non-diabetic subjects by dosing in plasma and urine probe drug substrates and metabolites following the oral administration of a drug cocktail: caffeine (CYP1A2), bupropion (CYP2B6), tolbutamide (CYP2C9), omeprazole (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), chlorzoxazone (CYP2E1) and midazolam (CYP3A4/5). Secondary objectives will evaluate the influence of variables such as glycaemia, insulinaemia, genetic polymorphisms and inflammation. The value of an endogenous biomarker of CYP3A activity is also evaluated. The first patient was recruited in May 2015 and patients will be enrolled up to completion of study groups.Ethics and disseminationApproval was obtained from the ethic review board of the CHUM research centre (Montreal, Canada).Trial registration numberNCT02291666.

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