scholarly journals Torrefaction Characteristics of Blended Ratio of Sewage Sludge and Sugarcane Bagasse for Energy Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2654
Author(s):  
Nwokolo Nwabunwanne ◽  
Tonga Vuyokazi ◽  
Adeniji Olagoke ◽  
Ojemaye Mike ◽  
Mukumba Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Fuel Ratio ◽  
Thermochemical Parameters ◽  
Biomass Particles

Torrefaction is a thermal pretreatment technique usually adopted for improving biomass properties to be on par with that of coal for energy production. In this study, the torrefaction characteristics of blended fuel of sewage sludge (SS) and sugarcane bagasse (BG) biomass were investigated for the purpose of gasification. The thermal degradation behavior of the blended biomass sample was tested in an inert atmosphere from ambient temperature to 900 °C using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The obtained TGA data aided in the determination of thermochemical parameters that are of necessity in gasification. Morphological changes in the blended torrefied samples were examined through scanning electron microscopy. Further changes in the chemical structure of the samples were investigated through Fourier-transform infrared analysis. The blend ratio of 75% SS + 25% BG torrefied at 350 °C gave the highest energy value (HHV) of 23.62 MJ/kg, fixed carbon of 51.37 wt % and fuel ratio of 1.70. The obtained fuel ratio is comparable to that required for optimum combustion performance of coal. The morphological structure of the samples showed that there was an aggregation of the biomass particles into small lumps at higher torrefaction temperature for 50% SS + 50% BG and 75% SS + 25% BG blend indicating a better grind ability of the biomass material. Thus, it can be concluded that the blend and torrefaction enhanced the properties of the biomass materials.

ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE BY ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION AND GRASS CULTIVATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. III_205-III_214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taira HIDAKA ◽  
Shuji SANO ◽  
Gen YOSHIDA ◽  
Fumitake NISHIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Energy Production

Effect of sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse biochar on soil properties and sugar beet production

Pedosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-582
Author(s):  
Barbara Samartini Queiroz ALVES ◽  
Katherin Prissila Sevilla ZELAYA ◽  
Fernando COLEN ◽  
Ledivan Almeida FRAZÃO ◽  
Alfredo NAPOLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Bagasse Biochar

scholarly journals Morphological alterations in the heart and aorta of rats treated with glucocorticoids

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
R. Dantas ◽  
K. Souza ◽  
D. Santos ◽  
V. Feitosa ◽  
E. Fioretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Heart Chamber ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoid

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze the morphological structure of the heart and aorta of rats treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: 08 control rats undergoing treatment with a 0.9% saline solution for 10 days and 08 rats treated for 10 days with dexamethasone (2mg/kg animal weight). Results: Histological analysis detected a mild cardiac hypertrophy and 15% reduction of collagen located in the aorta of animals treated with glucocorticoid when compared to the control group. Conclusion: We conclude that treatment with dexamethasone for a period of 10 consecutive days is able to promote morphological changes in the structure of the heart chamber and, impair morphological structure of aorta.

scholarly journals Features of the morphological structure of the placenta in pregnant women with preeclampsia

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Volodymyr I. Chermak ◽  
Ihor I. Chermak ◽  
Chukwuanyinonso O. Ikeotuonye ◽  
Anatolii Ya. Senchuk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basic Group ◽  
Adaptive Reactions

To study morphological features of the placenta in women in labor, pregnancy which complicated by preeclampsia we studied 26 placentae, of which 17 were from pregnant women with mild to moderate preeclampsia (basic group) and 9 from healthy women (control group). Histologically the study was conducted with methodically recommendations of T.D. Zadorozhnaya et al. for light microscopy. During the study of morphological features of the placenta in women in labor with preeclampsia were installed morphological changes in the placenta, which reflect a tendency to develop compensatory-adaptive reactions following their stress and exhaustion, which is a sign of placental insufficiency. Received data allow claiming a high frequency of development placental insufficiency in pregnant women with risk factors such as chronic salpingo-oophoritis, anemia, late preeclampsia, and inflammation diseases kidney.

Solvent, LICL, and Temperature Effects on the Morphological Structure and Electronic Properties of Polyaniline

1995 ◽  
Vol 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Angelopoulos ◽  
Yun-Hsin Liao ◽  
Bruce Furman ◽  
Teresita Graham
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Pani Base ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTExtensive gel permeation chromatography coupled with surface structure measurements clearly indicate that polyaniline (pani) base has a tendency to aggregate as a result of interchain hydrogen-bonding. The aggregation is present in the solid state powder; the extent of aggregation is found to be significantly dependent on the synthetic conditions. Pani base powders having a high degree of aggregation have significantly reduced solubility. The degree of aggregation of pani base in solution is found to be dependent on the solvent, concentration, and temperature. As the solvent becomes a better solvent for the base material, the less aggregated is the structure. Solvents which can strongly interact with the polymer disrupt the aggregation. In addition, salts such as LiCl which complex the polymer via a “pseudo-doping” process, also disrupt the internal pani hydrogen-bonding and deaggregate the polymer. As the polymer is deaggregated to different levels by a solvent or by LiCl, the individual chains can better be solvated and thus a conformational change also occurs. The chains adapt a more expanded coil type of conformation. The degree of expansion depends on the solvation power of the solvent. As the level of deaggregation and subsequent chain expansion increases, a significant red shift is observed in the λmaximum of the exciton absorbance and the surface structure of the polymer becomes smoother. It is found that the LiCl induced morphological changes results in increased conductivity upon doping pani base with a protonic acid.

scholarly journals Sugarcane Bagasse Valorization Strategies for Bioethanol and Energy Production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Martinez-Hernandez ◽  
Myriam Adela Amezcua-Allieri ◽  
Jhuma Sadhukhan ◽  
Jorge Aburto Anell
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Energy Production

Modified sugarcane bagasse for the removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-471
Author(s):  
Fatma Abdelghaffar ◽  
Rehab A. Abdelghaffar ◽  
Safia A. Mahmoud ◽  
Badria M. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Anionic Dyes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to improve the adsorption capacity of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as a low-cost, attractive and effective adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater. Design/methodology/approach SCB is a cellulosic material; it was chemically modified with compounds containing cationic groups. The adsorption efficiency of unmodified and modified SCB was investigated with anionic dyes by studying various factors that affect modified SCB and adsorption. Findings X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectra and nitrogen content were used to confirm the effect of existence of quaternary ammonium groups on modified SCB. The morphological structure of the modified and unmodified SCB has been demonstrated using electronic scanning microscopy. Research limitations/implications The modified SCB was chemically treated by Quat 188, which is commercially available in the solution of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride. Practical implications Grafting cationic function groups on the surface of sugarcane by cationization treatment enhances its adsorption efficiency for anionic dyes. Originality/value The main value of this research was indicating a clear difference in the appearance of unmodified and modified SCB surfaces. Furthermore, it can be determined that the modified SCB absorbs more of the dyes.

scholarly journals Revealing the True Morphological Structure of Macroporous Soft Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6672
Author(s):  
Bohumila Podhorská ◽  
Miroslav Vetrík ◽  
Eva Chylíková-Krumbholcová ◽  
Lucie Kománková ◽  
Niloufar Rashedi Banafshehvaragh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffolds

(1) Background: Macroporous hydrogel scaffolds based on poly [N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] are one of the widely studied biocompatible materials for tissue reparation and regeneration. This study investigated the morphological changes during hydrogel characterization which can significantly influence their future application. (2) Methods: Three types of macroporous soft hydrogels differing in pore size were prepared. The macroporosity was achieved by the addition of sacrificial template particles of sodium chloride of various sizes (0–30, 30–50, and 50–90 µm) to the polymerizing mixture. The 3D structure of the hydrogels was then investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The SEM was performed with specimens rapidly frozen to various temperatures, while non-frozen gels were visualized with LSCM. (3 and 4) Results and Conclusion: In comparison to LSCM, the SEM images revealed a significant alteration in the mean pore size and appearance of newly formed multiple connections between the pores, depending on the freezing conditions. Additionally, after freezing for SEM, the gel matrix between the pores and the fine pores collapsed. LSCM visualization aided the understanding of the dynamics of pore generation using sodium chloride, providing the direct observation of hydrogel scaffolds with the growing cells. Moreover, the reconstructed confocal z-stacks were a promising tool to quantify the swollen hydrogel volume reconstruction which is not possible with SEM.

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