scholarly journals Numerical Analysis and Experimental Test for the Development of a Small Shaped Charge

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2578
Author(s):  
Piotr Malesa ◽  
Grzegorz Sławiński ◽  
Karolina Pęcherzewska
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Shaped Charge ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Universal Constructions ◽  
A Charge ◽  
The Military

Currently, shaped charges are widely used in many fields of science and industry. Due to the high efficiency of piercing materials with high strength and hardness, shaped charges are commonly used in mining, military and for structural damage. The main application area of shaped charges is the military industry, where they are used in missiles with warheads (torpedoes, rocket launchers) and for piercing vehicle armor or bunker walls. When analyzing the existing solutions of shaped charges, one can find many typical solutions designed for specific applications. However, there are no universal constructions which, after appropriate regulation, will fulfil their role in a wide range of applications. The subject of this article is a new solution for a shaped charge that is characterized by compact dimensions and a short preparation time. This article presents the results of experimental research and the numerical analyses of such a charge.

The use of crowd and riot control squads in modern police operations

2019 ◽  
Vol Special Issue ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Witold Apolinarski
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Action ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Prevention Activities ◽  
Riot Control ◽  
The Military

Within the structure of the Polish Police, as a formation statutorily responsible for the protection of health, life and property of citizens, there are crowd and riot control squads (Pol. pododdziały zwarte). These are police organisational units , also referred to as riot police units (Pol. OPP - Oddziały Prewencji Policji) and independent riot police subunits (Pol. SPPP - Samodzielne Pododdziały Prewencji Policji). Their main advantage is the possibility of deploying several thousand police officers to respond to various events in a relatively short period of time and, if necessary, to broadly understood threats to the security of citizens. This is achieved by the use of appropriate mechanisms for maintaining readiness to act and achieving higher levels of readiness, as well as due to an organisational structure based on the military model, mobility based on available means of transport, a system of specialist trainings and modularity and compatibility with other police squads. Quite a wide range of opportunities to act in situations of existing threats to people and the environment raises the question of the quality and possibilities for the development of this structure, its strengths, as well as difficulties that emerge, both in terms of a direct involvement in various forms of police action, as well as those relating to the real condition of the structure, in the context of forces and measures available to the squads in question. At this point, it is necessary to mention other police structures referred to as police squads which include officers who daily perform different prevention activities (e.g. they occupy the posts of patrol and responding officers at county and municipal police headquarters). These are so-called irregular riot police units (Pol. NOP - Nieetatowe Oddziały Prewencji) and irregular riot police subunits (Pol. NPP - Nieetatowe Pododdziały Prewencji); however, their role and operational rules are not the subject matter, and the main issue under consideration is so-called regular units, whose officers remain in the structures of riot police units and independent riot police subunits.

Application of the High Strength Steel HARDOX 450 for Manufacturing of Assemblies in the Military Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 755 ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vukić Lazić ◽  
Dušan Arsić ◽  
Ružica R. Nikolić ◽  
Dejan Djordjević ◽  
Radica Prokić-Cvetković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
Welding Regime ◽  
Successful Execution ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
Gmaw Welding

The problems related to welding of the high strength steel, aimed for manufacturing of welded structures operating in the prominent wear conditions, is considered in this paper. The paper presents an analysis of possibilities and prescribing the technology for welding the high strength steel HARDOX 450. The methodology for estimate the weldability of this steel was established in the theoretical part of the paper, as well as calculations of the welding parameters, while the hardness was investigated in details and the macro and micro structures of the individual welded joint zones were estimated in the experimental part. Obtained experimental results could be usefully applied for selecting and establishing the optimal welding technology for structures made of this steel. The technology thus established and the GMAW welding regime can enable successful execution of the welded joints and reduce the possibility for appearance of flaws and cracks to a minimum.

scholarly journals The military apartment fee in Belarus (second half of the 19th – early 20th century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-70
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr B. Arlukevich
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The article reveals the influence of the military housing tax on the socio-economic development of municipal centers and the processes of urbanisation in Belarus in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. On the basis of a wide range of sources, it is proved that during the period under review, the amount of funds collected by the population in cities and towns with the active mediation of local self-government institutions for the rental of army headquarters, infirmaries, warehouses, officers’ apartments, rent and construction of soldiers’ barracks was comparable to the total income of magistrates and thus deprived them of the necessary reserve for saving and developing public utilities and infrastructure. On this basis, the collection of apartment money can be considered one of the key economic factors that determined the specifics of the development of the Belarusian city during the modernisation period. Until now the collection of funds in the framework of post-conscription in the territory of the Belarusian provinces has not become the subject of special research. Most of the facts presented in the work are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

scholarly journals Investigation of Penetration Performance of Zr-based Amorphous Alloy Liner Compared with Copper

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 912
Author(s):  
Ping Cui ◽  
Deshi Wang ◽  
Dongmei Shi ◽  
Xinbao Gao ◽  
Jingqing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Energetic Material ◽  
Shaped Charge ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Military

Zr-based amorphous alloy is a new type of metastable energetic material, which has been exploringly used to design shaped charge (SC) liners by scholars of the military industry. In order to know well how the stand-off distance influences jet penetration performance of liners made by such energetic materials against metal targets, SC static explosion tests were conducted under the same initiation and target conditions but different stand-off distances compared with copper liners. Test results indicate that the jet depth of penetration (DOP) of Zr-based amorphous alloy liners firstly increases slowly and then decreases sharply as the stand-off becomes larger. The optimum stand-off distance is 3.5 times of charge diameter (CD) and the corresponding maximum DOP is about 2.68 CD against the 45# steel plate. The perforation area varies with the stand-off distance. It reaches the maximum when the stand-off is 3.5 CD and the corresponding perforation diameter is about 42mm, also the penetration hole is nearly circular. The jet DOP of Zr-based amorphous alloy liner is smaller than that of copper liner’s while the perforation area is the opposite. The former DOP is about 55.7% of the latter and the former perforation area is about 2.8 times of latter when the stand-off distance is 3.5 CD.

scholarly journals Comparison of Shaped Charge Jet Performance Generated by Machined and Additively Manufactured CuSn10 Liners

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7149
Author(s):  
Shengjie Sun ◽  
Jianwei Jiang ◽  
Shuyou Wang ◽  
Jianbing Men ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Rapid Heating ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Shaped Charge ◽  
Lateral Interaction ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shaped Charge Jet

The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technique has attracted attention in a wide range of manufacturing research areas, including the defense industry because of its high efficiency and good consistency of manufactured material properties. Shaped charge liner is the crucial unit in the shaped charge warhead. However, jet performance formed by SLM-produced liner remains to be studied systematically. In the present research work, the SLM technique was applied to manufacture CuSn10 shaped charge liners. Casted CuSn10 liners were also fabricated using the classical turning method for comparison. The grain size of the SLM-produced liner was found to be much smaller than the machined liner due to the rapid heating and cooling rate during the SLM manufacturing process. This contributed to improved jet performance. A flash X-ray photography system was applied to capture jet stretching appearances. Necking appears at the jet tip formed by the machined liner, while the jet formed by the SLM-produced liner remains continuous. Penetration test results show that the penetration depth of the jet formed by the SLM-produced liner is around 27% larger than that formed by the machined liner. Segments along the sidewall of the penetration tunnels were selected for in-depth micro analysis. Energy dispersed spectrum (EDS) surface scanning results indicate the composition at the side wall of the penetrated tunnel. Metallurgical microscope was applied to distinguish four different phase zones of the target. The width of these different zones indicates the severity of the lateral interaction between the jet and target, which can be adopted to evaluate jet penetration capability. The present study analyzes the factors that influence jet performances and proves that SLM technology is well-adapted in the manufacturing of shaped charge liners.

The Nature of Delta Phase Precipitation in Inconel 718

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
L. S. Lin ◽  
C. C. Law
Keyword(s):  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Physical Metallurgy ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Delta Phase ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Nickel Base

Inconel 718, a precipitation hardenable nickel-base alloy, is a versatile high strength, weldable wrought alloy that is used in the gas turbine industry for components operated at temperatures up to about 1300°F. The nominal chemical composition is 0.6A1-0.9Ti-19.OCr-18.0Fe-3Mo-5.2(Cb + Ta)- 0.1C with the balance Ni (in weight percentage). The physical metallurgy of IN 718 has been the subject of a number of investigations and it is now established that hardening is due, primarily, to the formation of metastable, disc-shaped γ" an ordered body-centered tetragonal structure (DO2 2 type superlattice).

Theoretical study of the prestressing strand's stress by computer modeling methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148
Author(s):  
A. G. Korchunov ◽  
E. M. Medvedeva ◽  
E. M. Golubchik
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pearlitic Steel ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Steel Microstructure ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prestressing Strands ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Wire Strand

The modern construction industry widely uses reinforced concrete structures, where high-strength prestressing strands are used. Key parameters determining strength and relaxation resistance are a steel microstructure and internal stresses. The aim of the work was a computer research of a stage-by-stage formation of internal stresses during production of prestressing strands of structure 1х7(1+6), 12.5 mm diameter, 1770 MPa strength grade, made of pearlitic steel, as well as study of various modes of mechanical and thermal treatment (MTT) influence on their distribution. To study the effect of every strand manufacturing operation on internal stresses of its wires, the authors developed three models: stranding and reducing a 7-wire strand; straightening of a laid strand, stranding and MTT of a 7-wire strand. It was shown that absolute values of residual stresses and their distribution in a wire used for strands of a specified structure significantly influence performance properties of strands. The use of MTT makes it possible to control in a wide range a redistribution of residual stresses in steel resulting from drawing and strand laying processes. It was established that during drawing of up to 80% degree, compressive stresses of 1100-1200 MPa degree are generated in the central layers of wire. The residual stresses on the wire surface accounted for 450-500 MPa and were tension in nature. The tension within a range of 70 kN to 82 kN combined with a temperature range of 360-380°С contributes to a two-fold decrease in residual stresses both in the central and surface layers of wire. When increasing temperature up to 400°С and maintaining the tension, it is possible to achieve maximum balance of residual stresses. Stranding stresses, whose high values entail failure of lay length and geometry of the studied strand may be fully eliminated only at tension of 82 kN and temperature of 400°С. Otherwise, stranding stresses result in opening of strands.

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

History of the Study of Apocrypha in Early Medieval England

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Brandon W. Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Early Judaism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Early English

Literature written in England between about 500 and 1100 CE attests to a wide range of traditions, although it is clear that Christian sources were the most influential. Biblical apocrypha feature prominently across this corpus of literature, as early English authors clearly relied on a range of extra-biblical texts and traditions related to works under the umbrella of what have been called “Old Testament Pseudepigrapha” and “New Testament/Christian Apocrypha." While scholars of pseudepigrapha and apocrypha have long trained their eyes upon literature from the first few centuries of early Judaism and early Christianity, the medieval period has much to offer. This article presents a survey of significant developments and key threads in the history of scholarship on apocrypha in early medieval England. My purpose is not to offer a comprehensive bibliography, but to highlight major studies that have focused on the transmission of specific apocrypha, contributed to knowledge about medieval uses of apocrypha, and shaped the field from the nineteenth century up to the present. Bringing together major publications on the subject presents a striking picture of the state of the field as well as future directions.

Museum Preserves in the Sphere of “Cultural Tourism”: Through the Example of the Cultural Preserves of Tatarstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Lyudmila S. Timofeeva ◽  
Albina R. Akhmetova ◽  
Liliya R. Galimzyanova ◽  
Roman R. Nizaev ◽  
Svetlana E. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourist Center ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Abstract The article studies the existence experience of historical cities as centers of tourism development as in the case of Elabuga. The city of Elabuga is among the historical cities of Russia. The major role in the development of the city as a tourist center is played by the Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. The object of the research in the article is Elabuga as a medium-size historical city. The subject of the research is the activity of the museum-reserve which contributes to the preservation and development of the historical look of Elabuga and increases its attractiveness to tourists. The tourism attractiveness of Elabuga is obtained primarily through the presence of the perfectly preserved historical center of the city with the blocks of integral buildings of the 19th century. The Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve, which emerged in 1989, is currently an object of historical and cultural heritage of federal importance. Museum-reserves with their significant territories and rich historical, cultural and natural heritage have unique resources for the implementation of large partnership projects. Such projects are not only aimed at attracting a wide range of tourists, but also stimulate interest in the reserve from the business elite, municipal and regional authorities. The most famous example is the Spasskaya Fair which revived in 2008 in Elabuga. It was held in the city since the second half of the 19th century, and was widely known throughout Russia. The process of the revival and successful development of the fair can be viewed as the creation of a special tourist event contributing to the formation of new and currently important tourism products.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document