scholarly journals A Risk Assessment for Ozone Regulation Based on Statistical Rollback

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2388
Author(s):  
Yongku Kim ◽  
Jeongjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian Models ◽  
Health It ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Ozone Regulation ◽  
Ozone Levels

In environmental studies, it is important to assess how regulatory standards for air pollutants affect public health. High ozone levels contribute to harmful air pollutants. The EPA regulates ozone levels by setting ozone standards to protect public health. It is thus crucial to assess how various regulatory ozone standards affect non-accidental mortality related to respiratory deaths during the ozone season. The original rollback approach provides an adjusted ozone process under a new regulation scenario in a deterministic fashion. Herein, we consider a statistical rollback approach to allow for uncertainty in the rollback procedure by adopting the quantile matching method so that it provides flexible rollback sets. Hierarchical Bayesian models are used to predict the potential effects of different ozone standards on human health. We apply the method to epidemiologic data.

scholarly journals New technology in nutrition research and practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Brennan ◽  
Breige McNulty
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Health It ◽  
Public Health Nutrition ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Nutrition Research

Recent technology advancements are aiding the development of scientific discoveries and changing the methods by which we perform research. In order to gain full benefits for human health, it will be important to embrace these new technologies in nutrition research while also acknowledging their limitations. The present issue covers a range of technological approaches that impact on public health nutrition and molecular nutrition. The critical appraisal of these approaches in the context of nutrition research makes this issue a timely and pertinent addition to the scientific literature.

scholarly journals Black Carbon and Other Air Pollutants in Italian Ports and Coastal Areas: Problems, Solutions and Implications for Policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8544
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Maritime Shipping

Ships’ emissions of air pollutants pose problems for local and regional public health and agricultural production, as well as global climate change. The Italian government’s endorsement in 2019 of the creation of a Mediterranean Emission Control Area is a reflection of increasing concern about the emissions. Also, ongoing developments in the International Maritime Organization and in the European Union add to the Italian government’s maritime shipping agenda and increase its complexity and uncertainty. In that context, this review paper addresses two central questions: What are the consequences for human health and agricultural production of ships’ emissions in Italian ports and coastal areas? How can their emissions be reduced? The approach to these questions is inter-disciplinary. It applies the results of studies in atmospheric chemistry and physics; maritime shipping engineering; public health; agriculture; economics; and international law and policymaking to assess current and prospective policy issues in Italy. The principal conclusions are that: (1) Black carbon emissions are threats to human health and agricultural production in Italy, as well as to the global climate. (2) It is important that black carbon emissions receive more serious attention in policymaking processes in order to reflect the significant analytic progress that has been made in terms of understanding the problems it poses and the technological and policy solutions. (3) There are cost-effective, emission-reducing measures that are readily available, as well as other measures needing more time before full-scale implementation. (4) Although existing multi-level governance systems pose complex analytic and policymaking challenges, they also offer opportunities to institute new policies with significant short-term and long-term co-benefits from reductions in emissions.

scholarly journals Indoor Air Quality and Human Health Risk Assessment in the Open-Air Classroom

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8302
Author(s):  
Jenjira Kaewrat ◽  
Rungruang Janta ◽  
Surasak Sichum ◽  
Thongchai Kanabkaew
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Indoor Air Pollutants ◽  
Indoor Pm2.5 ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Indoor air quality is associated with academic performance and harmful health effects on students and teachers who participate in the classroom. Outdoor sources always contribute to classroom air quality. This study aims to estimate the amounts of indoor and outdoor pollutants and the influence of outdoor sources on open-air classrooms in a school located in the city. A health risk assessment was applied to assess the non-carcinogenic risk to students and teachers from exposure to the pollutants in the classroom. The concentrations of indoor NO2 ranged between 46.40 and 77.83 µg/m3, which is about 0.8 times that of outdoor NO2. A strong correlation and a high indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio (>0.5) without a source, indicated that indoor NO2 is significantly influenced by outdoor sources. The range of indoor PM2.5 concentrations was 1.66 to 31.52 µg/m3 which was influenced by meteorological conditions. The indoor PM2.5 concentrations were affected by both indoor and outdoor sources. Although the level of indoor air pollutants met the official standard, the young children were exposed to indoor air pollutants which were above the recommended limits to human health with regard to the hazard index (HI) of 1.12. Instant measures such as regularly cleaning the classrooms, zoning the students, and installation of solid and vegetation barriers are recommended to reduce the daily dose of pollutants affecting students in open-air classrooms.

scholarly journals The 70 year anniversary of the Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny / Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Kazimiera Ćwiek-Ludwicka
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health It ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Environmental Hygiene ◽  
Research Studies

The article presents the genesis of the foundation and development of ‘Roczniki Panstwowego Zakładu Higieny’ [Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene] since 1950 to 2019, scientific peer-reviewed journal devoted to research studies on the food and water safety, nutrition, environmental hygiene, toxicology and health risk assessment, and public health. It also shows the difficulties that this journal had initially to struggle with, and its achievements in recent years, aiming to improve its international position. The article discusses the stages of journal’s development and activity in terms of scientific, editorial and publishing

Edible Mushrooms from Niger Delta, Nigeria with Heavy Metal Levels of Public Health Concern: A Human Health Risk Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorbari Igbiri ◽  
Nnaemeka A. Udowelle ◽  
Osazuwa C. Ekhator ◽  
Rose N. Asomugha ◽  
Zelinjo N. Igweze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Metal Levels

scholarly journals Implication of Secondary Atmospheric Pollutants in the Air Quality: A Case-Study for Ozone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Galán Madruga
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Harmful Effects

Air quality and Public Health are concepts linked to each other. Within the frame of Public Health, a wide range of external factors, derived from rising wastes towards all environmental compartments, may generate harmful effects on human health. In particular, the release of polluting compounds into the ambient air coming from emission sources is a paramount concern, given that atmospheric pollution is considered the most significant environmental risk for human beings. In this context, while this chapter to provide an overview of the most critical air pollutants that can depict air quality status in terms of exposure, potential effects, emission sources, and types of pollutants, the principal purpose is focused on secondary atmospheric pollutants, emphasizing to tropospheric ozone as a significant pollutant within this group. In this sense, aspects such as the atmospheric ozone chemistry responsible for its formation and its spatial distribution into vast territories, including urban, suburban, and rural environments, were conveniently explained. Based on displayed evidence, primaries air pollutants, mainly nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide, are responsible for the tropospheric ozone’s formation; therefore, reducing their levels could be translated into a decrease of ozone concentrations at the ground-level. Attending to the ozone distribution, the revealed findings lead to the next concentration gradient: higher ozone levels in rural, followed by suburban and urban sites, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that the importance of tropospheric ozone within air quality lies in the possibility of producing harmful effects on human health and generating climate changes, either directly or indirectly.

Human health risk assessment: application of the NORISC-HRA and ROME models at two test sites

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Quercia ◽  
A. Vecchio ◽  
M. Falconi ◽  
L. Togni ◽  
E. Wcislo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Human Health Risk Assessment
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