scholarly journals Influence of Load Dynamics on Converter-Dominated Isolated Power Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2341
Author(s):  
José Gouveia ◽  
Carlos L. Moreira ◽  
João A. Peças Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Load Models ◽  
Successful Recovery ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Network Fault

The operation of isolated power systems with 100% converter-based generation requires the integration of battery energy storage systems (BESS) using grid-forming-type power converters. Under these operating conditions, load dynamics influences the network frequency and voltage following large voltage disturbances. In this sense, the inclusion of induction motor (IM) load models is required to be properly considered in BESS power converter sizing. Thus, this paper presents an extensive sensitivity analysis, demonstrating how load modeling affects the BESS power converter capacity when adopting conventional control strategies while aiming to assure the successful recovery of all IM loads following a network fault. Furthermore, this work highlights that generators with converter interfaces can actively contribute to mitigate the negative impacts resulting from IM loads following a network fault. Thereby, two distinct control strategies are proposed to be integrated in the power electronic interfaces of the available converter-based generators: one to be adopted in grid-following converters and another one suitable for grid-forming converters. The proposed control strategies provide an important contribution to consolidating insular grid codes, aiming to achieve operational scenarios accommodating 100% penetration of converter-based generation with a significative percentage of the IM load composition without resorting to a significative increase in BESS power converter sizing.

scholarly journals Economic Dispatch of BESS and Renewable Generators in DC Microgrids Using Voltage-Dependent Load Models

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Danilo Montoya ◽  
Walter Gil-González ◽  
Luis Grisales-Noreña ◽  
César Orozco-Henao ◽  
Federico Serra
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Load Model ◽  
Optimal Dispatch ◽  
Load Models ◽  
General Algebraic Modeling System ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Short Term Prediction ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
The Cost

This paper addresses the optimal dispatch problem for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in direct current (DC) mode for an operational period of 24 h. The problem is represented by a nonlinear programming (NLP) model that was formulated using an exponential voltage-dependent load model, which is the main contribution of this paper. An artificial neural network was employed for the short-term prediction of available renewable energy from wind and photovoltaic sources. The NLP model was solved by using the general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) to implement a 30-node test feeder composed of four renewable generators and three batteries. Simulation results demonstrate that the cost reduction for a daily operation is drastically affected by the operating conditions of the BESS, as well as the type of load model used.

scholarly journals Comparison of Advanced Charge Strategies for Modular Cascaded Battery Chargers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3361
Author(s):  
Nicolas T. D. Fernandes ◽  
Anderson Rocha ◽  
Danilo Brandao ◽  
Braz C. Filho
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Measure Data ◽  
Capacity Fade ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Battery Model ◽  
Battery Chargers ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Plant

Although the literature extensively covers the development of battery chargers control strategies, a comparison of these strategies remains a literary gap. The inherent conditions (i.e., State of Health and State of Charge) of each unit in the Battery Energy Storage Systems directly influence the charger control techniques for extending battery lifetime, which makes modular battery chargers an appealing topology for this analysis. This work groups charger control strategies presented in the literature into two: Adapted SoC strategies, directly linked to the field of overstress management, and SoH strategies, which are directly linked to the field of wear-out management. The methodology for comparing the control strategies encompasses battery lifetime, charger, and photovoltaic plant models. Three distinct cases were simulated using real measure data from a solar power plant and a battery model provided by MathWorks®. The results evidence that the Capacity Fade and Energy Throughput strongly depend on the strategy. The controller action evidences the previous statement, as the strategies have different goals that are related to each field. Furthermore, this work analyses the effect of the estimation process in the action of the controller.

scholarly journals Application of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Primary Frequency Control in Power Systems with High Renewable Energy Penetration

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
Md Ruhul Amin ◽  
Michael Negnevitsky ◽  
Evan Franklin ◽  
Kazi Saiful Alam ◽  
Seyed Behzad Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Control

In power systems, high renewable energy penetration generally results in conventional synchronous generators being displaced. Hence, the power system inertia reduces, thus causing a larger frequency deviation when an imbalance between load and generation occurs, and thus potential system instability. The problem associated with this increase in the system’s dynamic response can be addressed by various means, for example, flywheels, supercapacitors, and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). This paper investigates the application of BESSs for primary frequency control in power systems with very high penetration of renewable energy, and consequently, low levels of synchronous generation. By re-creating a major Australian power system separation event and then subsequently simulating the event under low inertia conditions but with BESSs providing frequency support, it has been demonstrated that a droop-controlled BESS can greatly improve frequency response, producing both faster reaction and smaller frequency deviation. Furthermore, it is shown via detailed investigation how factors such as available battery capacity and droop coefficient impact the system frequency response characteristics, providing guidance on how best to mitigate the impact of future synchronous generator retirements. It is intended that this analysis could be beneficial in determining the optimal BESS capacity and droop value to manage the potential frequency stability risks for a future power system with high renewable energy penetrations.

scholarly journals Battery Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids: Modeling and Design Criteria

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Moncecchi ◽  
Claudio Brivio ◽  
Stefano Mandelli ◽  
Marco Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Robust Design ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy

Off-grid power systems based on photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems are becoming a solution of great interest for rural electrification. The storage system is one of the most crucial components since inappropriate design can affect reliability and final costs. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt reliable models able to realistically reproduce the working condition of the application. In this paper, different models of lithium-ion battery are considered in the design process of a microgrid. Two modeling approaches (analytical and electrical) are developed based on experimental measurements. The derived models have been integrated in a methodology for the robust design of off-grid electric power systems which has been implemented in a MATLAB-based computational tool named Poli.NRG (POLItecnico di Milano—Network Robust desiGn). The procedure has been applied to a real-life case study to compare the different battery energy storage system models and to show how they impact on the microgrid design.

scholarly journals Performance of Hybrid Filter in a Microgrid Integrated Power System Network Using Wavelet Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Ranjan Das ◽  
Prakash K. Ray ◽  
Arun Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Somula Ramasubbareddy ◽  
Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Shunt Active Power Filter ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Synchronous Reference Frame ◽  
Battery Energy

Nowadays, the application of distributed energy sources (DES) has been extensively employed to serve the power system by supplying the power into the grid and improving the power quality (PQ). Therefore, DES is one solution that can efficiently overcome the energy crisis and climate change problems. The DES, such as solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and battery energy storage systems (BESS), are incorporated to form the microgrid (MG), which are interfaced with the power system. However, interfacing MG to the power system is undoubtedly a big challenge. Therefore, more focus is required on the control strategy to control the MG with the power system. To address the PQ problems, a controlled MG integrated with a hybrid shunt active power filter (HSAPF) is provided in this work. For controlling the MG integrated HSAPF, different control strategies are applied. In this work, a learning-based incremental conductance (LINC) technique is used as a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for tracking the maximum power in PV and WT. The voltage source inverter (VSI) of HSAPF is controlled using a wavelet-based technique with a synchronous reference frame (SRF). The main focus is to improve the PQ by compensating the harmonics and regulating the reactive power in both grid-interactive and islanded condition and also supply continuous and adequate power to the non-linear load. The power system model has been developed with MATLAB/Simulink tool, which shows the efficiency of the proposed method. The results obtained have been satisfactorily under various operating conditions and can be validated further using the real-time dSPACE.

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