scholarly journals Nozzle with a Feedback Channel for Agricultural Drones

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2138
Author(s):  
Seong Kuen Kim ◽  
Hibal Ahmad ◽  
Jong Woon Moon ◽  
Sung Yong Jung
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Full Width ◽  
Half Maximum ◽  
Feedback Channel ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Maximum Value

In recent years, small drones have been used in agriculture, for spraying water and pesticides. Although spraying systems affect the efficiency of agricultural drones considerably, research on the spraying system of drones is insufficient. In this paper, a new nozzle with a feedback channel is proposed for agricultural drones. The proposed nozzle was manufactured through 3D printing, and its performance was compared with that of the nozzle used in commercial agricultural drones. Images taken with a high-speed camera were digitally processed, to track the area and location of spray particles, and the spraying characteristics were evaluated based on the size and uniformity of the droplets obtained from the images. The proposed nozzle provided a better performance, as it could spray smaller droplets more uniformly. Commercial nozzle droplets have an average diameter of 1.76 mm, and the proposed nozzle has been reduced to a maximum of 215 μm. In addition, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the commercial nozzle is 0.233, but the proposed nozzle is up to 1.519; the proposed nozzle provided better performance, as it could spray smaller droplets more uniformly. Under the condition of 30 kg, the best performance in the proposed nozzle, the minimum value of the average droplet diameter of the nozzle without feedback channel is 595 μm and the maximum value of FWHM is 1.329. Therefore, a comparison of the performance of the proposed nozzle with that of a nozzle with no feedback channel indicates that the feedback channel effectively reduces the droplet diameter and improves the spraying uniformity. It is expected that the proposed nozzle can be useful for designing the spraying systems of agricultural drones.

A 14-ps full width at half maximum high-speed photoconductor fabricated with intersecting InP nanowires on an amorphous surface

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.J. Logeeswaran ◽  
A. Sarkar ◽  
M.S. Islam ◽  
N.P. Kobayashi ◽  
J. Straznicky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Full Width ◽  
Half Maximum ◽  
Amorphous Surface

Effect Grinding of Graphite on Structural and Morphological Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Microwave Oven

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Natheer A. Algadri ◽  
Zainuriah Hassan ◽  
Kamarulazizi Ibrahim ◽  
Mohamed Bououdina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Full Width ◽  
Half Maximum ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Grinding Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of graphite grinding time on the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), is investigated. Graphite with different grinding time is used for the growth of CNTs by a cost-effective method using a microwave oven. The samples produced using the different grinding time contain nanotubes with an average diameter in the range 31–50 nm as observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The lowest intensity ratio of D and G bands (ID/IG) and full width at half maximum of G as identified by Raman spectroscopy for grinding time 20 minute indicates the improved crystallinity of CNTs.

scholarly journals Temperatture esttiimattiion off EXDRA and SSUMI dwarff Nova systtems from spectroscopic data

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (27) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Arshed Ali Kadhem
Keyword(s):  
Light Curve ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Full Width ◽  
Half Maximum ◽  
Star System ◽  
Seasonal Behavior ◽  
Dwarf Nova ◽  
Maximum Value

The seasonal behavior of the light curve for selected star SS UMI and EXDRA during outburst cycle is studied. This behavior describes maximum temperature of outburst in dwarf nova. The raw data has been mathematically modeled by fitting Gaussian function based on the full width of the half maximum and the maximum value of the Gaussian. The results of this modeling describe the value of temperature of the dwarf novae star system leading to identify the type of elements that each dwarf nova consisted of.

scholarly journals Хлорид-гидридная газофазная эпитаксия полуполярного слоя AlN(1012) на наноструктурированной подложке Si(100)

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
В.Н. Бессолов ◽  
М.Е. Компан ◽  
Е.В. Коненкова ◽  
В.Н. Пантелеев
Keyword(s):  
Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Full Width ◽  
Half Maximum ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inclined Plane ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Rocking Curve ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Patterned Substrate ◽  
Maximum Value

A new approach is proposed to the synthesis of a semipolar AlN on a Si(100) substrate at the surface for which the angle between the inclined plane of the nanogrooves and Si(100) is 47°. It is shown that the hydride vapor-phase epitaxy on a such nano-patterned substrate enables formation of a semipolar layer AlN (1012) characterized by the full width at half maximum value as low as ωθ ~60 arcmin for the x-ray diffraction rocking curve. It is found that the Raman spectra of the semipolar AlN(10-12) layer contain additional peaks on the Raman curves associated with phonons A1(TO) and E1(TO), in contrast to the polar AlN(0001) layer, where the peak A1(LO) is additionally manifested.

Experimental Investigation Into Crater Morphology for Droplets Impinging on a Moving Film

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony J. Mitchell ◽  
David Hann ◽  
Kathy Simmons
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Cavity Depth ◽  
Film Research ◽  
Equivalent Radius ◽  
Crater Morphology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cavity Width

The behaviour of impinging droplets is a field that has been studied for over 100 years mostly focused on impingements upon solid substrates or static films. Few studies report cases when the moving film might influence the impact outcomes. In many situations where droplet impact is industrially relevant there is film motion and relying on observations and correlations for impacts on static films might not be reliable. The University of Nottingham’s Gas Turbine and Transmissions Research Centre is conducting a research program investigating impact outcomes and crater morphology for water droplets of around 2–3 mm falling under the influence of gravity and impacting on films created by water flow down an inclined plane. In the investigation reported here dimensionless film heights were in the range 0.77 to 1.8 and the plane was inclined at 10° to the horizontal. This paper details the investigation into the morphology of the crater formed during an impingement event. The properties of the impinging droplet are measured using a high-speed camera to provide a side-view of the impingement. Brightness-Based Laser-Induced Fluorescence (BB-LIF) is used to provide three-dimensional measurements of the crater during the self-similar inertial regime. This is accomplished by doping the fluid with Rhodamine 6G, and exciting the fluorescence with a 527 nm pulsed Nd-Yag laser. A second high-speed camera observes the impingement from below in order to provide information about the behaviour of the film. The development of cavity depth is compared to published models from work on both deep and thin static films. Further, the development of cavity width with time is compared against existing models from static film research. A modification to these models is proposed that includes the effects of film velocity. The effect of film movement on the cavity footprint is examined; both the equivalent radius and the cavity width are investigated and the differences compared to static film experiments are quantified. Some modifications to an established width model are suggested, and an effect of droplet diameter upon this cavity width is noted. The work shows that static film models are not universally applicable for moving films.

Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Sapota (Chikoo) Powder based Value Added Pasta Product using Semolina (Suji) and Maida

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
SATYA NARAYAN SINGH ◽  
RAJESH G BURBADE ◽  
HITESH SANCHAVAT ◽  
P S PANDIT
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Specific Length

The cereals of today are more nutritious and healthful than ever before. Cereals processing is one of the oldest and the most essential part of all food technologies. Pasta products and noodles have been staple foods since ancient times in many countries all over the world. In this study pasta formulation was substituted with blending sapota powder in different proportions (4 levels i.e. 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) into semolina and maida flour separately. Pasta products were prepared using eight different formulations and adding water (approximately 31% of total weight) in DOLLY pasta extruder machine. All the samples were evaluated for physical properties: specific length (mm/g), bulk density (kg/m3), specific density (kg/m3) and porosity (%); functional properties: water absorption index (%), water solubility index (%) and oil absorption capacity (ml/g) and nutritional compositions: moisture (%), crude protein (%), fat (%) and carbohydrate (%). Highest specific length 36.20 mm/g was observed for T5 treatment, low bulk density 368.10 kg/m3 was observed for T5 and highest porosity 9.24% was found for T1 treatment. The maximum WAI, WSI values 325.83%, 17.33% respectively was observed for T1 treatment and minimum value of oil absorption capacity 1.06 ml/g for T8 treatment. The moisture content of dried pasta products was found in the range of 6 to 7%. The maximum value of crude protein 13.07% was found for T5 and minimum value 8.81% for T4 treatments. The fat contents were varied from 1.02% to 1.28 %. The maximum value of carbohydrate was 76.20% for T1 and minimum value 65.41% for T8.

scholarly journals High-Speed 3D Printing of High-Performance Thermosetting Polymers via Two-Stage Curing

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Kuang ◽  
Zeang Zhao ◽  
Kaijuan Chen ◽  
Daining Fang ◽  
Guozheng Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Thermosetting Polymers

scholarly journals Tracking by Deblatting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denys Rozumnyi ◽  
Jan Kotera ◽  
Filip Šroubek ◽  
Jiří Matas
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Motion Blur ◽  
Velocity Estimation ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Trajectory Function ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Blind Deblurring ◽  
Object Trajectories ◽  
Complex Trajectories

AbstractObjects moving at high speed along complex trajectories often appear in videos, especially videos of sports. Such objects travel a considerable distance during exposure time of a single frame, and therefore, their position in the frame is not well defined. They appear as semi-transparent streaks due to the motion blur and cannot be reliably tracked by general trackers. We propose a novel approach called Tracking by Deblatting based on the observation that motion blur is directly related to the intra-frame trajectory of an object. Blur is estimated by solving two intertwined inverse problems, blind deblurring and image matting, which we call deblatting. By postprocessing, non-causal Tracking by Deblatting estimates continuous, complete, and accurate object trajectories for the whole sequence. Tracked objects are precisely localized with higher temporal resolution than by conventional trackers. Energy minimization by dynamic programming is used to detect abrupt changes of motion, called bounces. High-order polynomials are then fitted to smooth trajectory segments between bounces. The output is a continuous trajectory function that assigns location for every real-valued time stamp from zero to the number of frames. The proposed algorithm was evaluated on a newly created dataset of videos from a high-speed camera using a novel Trajectory-IoU metric that generalizes the traditional Intersection over Union and measures the accuracy of the intra-frame trajectory. The proposed method outperforms the baselines both in recall and trajectory accuracy. Additionally, we show that from the trajectory function precise physical calculations are possible, such as radius, gravity, and sub-frame object velocity. Velocity estimation is compared to the high-speed camera measurements and radars. Results show high performance of the proposed method in terms of Trajectory-IoU, recall, and velocity estimation.

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