scholarly journals 100% Renewable Energy for Austria’s Industry: Scenarios, Energy Carriers and Infrastructure Requirements

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Roman Geyer ◽  
Sophie Knöttner ◽  
Christian Diendorfer ◽  
Gerwin Drexler-Schmid ◽  
Verena Alton
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Final Energy Consumption

The need for decarbonization raises several questions. How can renewable energy supply for the industrial sector be realized in the long term? Furthermore, how must the existing energy system be transformed to achieve the ambitious climate targets in place? In Austria, the share of renewable energy supplying industrial energy demand currently accounts for only 45% of final energy consumption. This clearly shows that a conversion of industrial energy systems is necessary. Different ambitious perspectives for a renewable energy supply for the Austrian industrial sector are calculated for three defined scenarios (base, efficiency, transition) in this paper. In addition, corresponding requirements for the energy infrastructures are discussed. The scenario results show a range of industrial final energy consumption from 78 TWh (efficiency) to 105 TWh (transition) through decarbonizing the industrial energy supply (cf. 87 TWh in 2019). Decarbonization requires an increasing shift towards electrical energy, especially in the transition scenario, whereas in the base and efficiency scenarios, biogenic fuels play an important role. Comprehensive decarbonization and the associated substitution of energy carriers in industry pose significant challenges for the existing energy infrastructure, its expansion, and optimization.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Modeling for Energy Consumption of Residential and Commercial Sectors

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Azad Nabavi ◽  
Alireza Aslani ◽  
Martha A. Zaidan ◽  
Majid Zandi ◽  
Sahar Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential And Commercial Sectors

Energy has a strategic role in the economic and social development of countries. In the last few decades, energy demand has been increasing exponentially across the world, and predicting energy demand has become one of the main concerns in many countries. The residential and commercial sectors constitute about 34.7% of global energy consumption. Anticipating energy demand in these sectors will help governments to supply energy sources and to develop their sustainable energy plans such as using renewable and non-renewable energy potentials for the development of a secure and environmentally friendly energy system. Modeling energy consumption in the residential and commercial sectors enables identification of the influential economic, social, and technological factors, resulting in a secure level of energy supply. In this paper, we forecast residential and commercial energy demands in Iran using three different machine learning methods, including multiple linear regression, logarithmic multiple linear regression methods, and nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input artificial neural networks. These models are developed based on several factors, including the share of renewable energy sources in final energy consumption, gross domestic production, population, natural gas price, and the electricity price. According to the results of the three machine learning methods applied in our study, by 2040, Iranian residential and commercial energy consumption will be 76.97, 96.42 and 128.09 Mtoe, respectively. Results show that Iran must develop and implement new policies to increase the share of renewable energy supply in final energy consumption.

scholarly journals Future Energy Demand Developments and Demand Side Flexibility in a Decarbonized Centralized Energy System

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-113
Author(s):  
Andrea Herbst ◽  
Anna-Lena Klingler ◽  
Stephanie Heitel ◽  
Pia Manz ◽  
Tobias Fleiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Mitigation Options ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
Different Characteristics

AbstractEuropean final energy consumption mainly stems from five sectors: transport, households, industry, residential, and agriculture using fossil fuels as dominant energy carriers. In order to achieve the climate targets, emissions in the demand sectors must be drastically reduced. Due to different characteristics and challenges each sector needs its own strategy how to achieve such decarbonization until 2050. In the following chapter, the impacts of an ambitious mitigation scenario on future energy demand and CO2 emissions for transport, industry, residential, and tertiary are analyzed discussing sector specific decarbonization strategies and mitigation options. Implications of such strategies for demand-side flexibility and its future need are analyzed.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 914-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgeta SOAVA ◽  
Anca MEHEDINTU ◽  
Mihaela STERPU ◽  
Mircea RADUTEANU
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
Using Data

This study examines the causal relationship between economic growth and renewable energy consumption using data for 28 countries of European Union, taken from Eurostat database for years from 1995 to 2015. In addition, motivated by EU Directive 2009/28/EC, the tendency of the share of renewable energy consumption into the final energy consumption is analysed. Various panel data techniques implemented in EViews are used. The empirical results suggest a positive impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth, and emphasize bidirectional or unidirectional Granger causalities between the two macroeconomic indicators, for each country in the panel. These results justify the political decisions of EU concerning the necessity of increasing the renewable energy consumption, and prove that this type of energy consumption has a strong positive impact on economic growth. Thus, the inclusion of such policies in future EU and national strategies is further motivated. Finally, by means of linear regression, an increasing trend was found for the ratio between renewable energy consumption and final energy consumption for all but one of the EU countries.

scholarly journals Evolution and Forecasting of the Renewable Energy Consumption in the Frame of Sustainable Development: EU vs. Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10327
Author(s):  
Anca Mehedintu ◽  
Georgeta Soava ◽  
Mihaela Sterpu ◽  
Eugenia Grecu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
The Eu

This article is part of the concerns generated by the need to increase the consumption of renewable energy, so that in the European Union (EU) countries, its share in the final energy consumption, to reach 32% by 2030, increases. In the context in which, in the specialized literature, the analysis of renewable energy consumption by activity sectors is approached very little, such an analysis has high utility. The variables of interest are the share of renewable energy in the final energy consumption, and the share of renewable energy sources in the final energy consumption in transport, electricity, and heating and cooling. The study performs a comparative analysis of the evolution of these indicators for the period 2004–2019 for Romania and the EU, an empirical estimate of the evolution of indicators using time regression and autoregressive models, a forecast of the share of renewable energy consumption in the final energy consumption and by the main sectors (transport, electricity, and heating and cooling) for the 2030 horizon, providing appropriate scenarios for achieving the EU established goals, as well as an analysis of the interdependence between the indicators. Through the results obtained, the paper can contribute to improving the framework for the sustainable development of energy consumption.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Energy Sector Development Trends and Forecast of Final Energy Demand in the Baltic States

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaclovas Miskinis ◽  
Arvydas Galinis ◽  
Inga Konstantinaviciute ◽  
Vidas Lekavicius ◽  
Eimantas Neniskis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
Final Energy Demand ◽  
The Baltic

The paper provides a comparative analysis of economic growth in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and discusses differences in development of the main sectors during the period 2000–2016. Based on detailed analysis of energy sector development, the driving factors influencing changes in primary energy consumption in each country and in the Baltic region are discovered. Increase of renewable energy sources (RES) consumption in the Baltic region over this period by 73.6% is emphasized. The paper presents valuable insights from analysis of trends in final energy consumption by sectors of the national economies, branches of the manufacturing sector, and by energy carriers. Long-term relationships between economic growth and final energy consumption are established. An econometric model was applied to predict final energy demand in the Baltic States for the 2020 horizon. It is emphasized that growing activities in the manufacturing and transport sectors will cause increase of final energy demand in all three countries. Based on detailed analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trends some positive shifts are shown and the necessity of new policies in the transport sector and agriculture is identified. Changes of emission intensity indicators are examined and a potential for decoupling of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from economic growth in Estonia is indicated.

scholarly journals Biogas Technology in Germany and Romania: Comparative Aspects and Achievements

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela PALELA ◽  
Carmen SOCACIU
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Final Energy Consumption

The European Union’s policies regarding the energy security impose to the European countries to take urgent measures because of the global energy demand which is growing rapidly. The ambitious target approved by the renewable energy directive is that 20 % of the final energy consumption has to be provided by renewable sources by 2020. The technological transfer from west to east Europe encourages the eastern countries with a high agricultural potential to develop political, economical, and social strategies to replace the fossil resources with the renewable materials. The main goal of the European countries is to promote the clean energy technologies. Thus, the share of renewable resources such as wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, biogas, etc. has to be increases with 24 % of the final energy consumption compared to the overall EU target of 20 %. The current work emphasize the technological state and perspectives of the biogas production of the Romanian country in comparison with the leader country in Europe, Germany.

An energy system planning model for the industrial sector in Nigeria

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Njoku
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Energy Equilibrium ◽  
Energy System Planning

This paper reports the energy system modelling projection in the industrial sector of Nigeria. It is car-ried out to provide a long term perspective on the Scenario buildings for the industrial energy system of Nigeria. The projections have inter-sectoral con-sistency only to the extent those of the Federal Republic of Nigeria have to the inter-industrial link-ages, which are no doubt important. However, it appears that input-output tables have not been instructed and regularly impeded and expanded as part of the planning scenarios that have been gen-erated on the contested demand, which is to assume constant energy intensity in future years. The basis for projecting energy demand in the industrial sector is to estimate the likely changes in energy consumption intensity and the ratio of ener-gy consumption to value added. It is considered expedient and pragmatic to use a scenario for con-structing an optimal level forecast, projecting a desirable energy equilibrium pattern for the year 2010.

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