scholarly journals Melt Electrospinning of Polymers: Blends, Nanocomposites, Additives and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1808
Author(s):  
Anna Bachs-Herrera ◽  
Omid Yousefzade ◽  
Luis J. del Valle ◽  
Jordi Puiggali
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Ultrafine Fibers ◽  
Melt Electrospinning ◽  
Free Process ◽  
Solution Electrospinning

Melt electrospinning has been developed in the last decade as an eco-friendly and solvent-free process to fill the gap between the advantages of solution electrospinning and the need of a cost-effective technique for industrial applications. Although the benefits of using melt electrospinning compared to solution electrospinning are impressive, there are still challenges that should be solved. These mainly concern to the improvement of polymer melt processability with reduction of polymer degradation and enhancement of fiber stability; and the achievement of a good control over the fiber size and especially for the production of large scale ultrafine fibers. This review is focused in the last research works discussing the different melt processing techniques, the most significant melt processing parameters, the incorporation of different additives (e.g., viscosity and conductivity modifiers), the development of polymer blends and nanocomposites, the new potential applications and the use of drug-loaded melt electrospun scaffolds for biomedical applications.

Temperature Effect on Sorption Capacity of PP Melt Electrospun Ultrafine Fibers in Marine Oil Spill Clean up

2016 ◽  
Vol 717 ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Bubakir ◽  
Wan Lin He ◽  
Hao Yi Li ◽  
Yu Mei Ding ◽  
Wei Min Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Ultrafine Fibers ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Melt Electrospinning ◽  
Oil Sorbent ◽  
Solution Electrospinning

Marine Oil spills have become a serious environmental problem, and contribute to severe impacts and economic losses. Fast and efficient cleanup of oil from marine environment is vital. The use of sorbents is one of the most efficient techniques in removing oil from water. In this work, pure polypropylene (PP) ultrafine fibers with 2 μm diameter were prepared by air assisted melt electrospinning device to be used as oil sorbent. Two fiber samples were used in this study, fluffy, cotton like appearance and oriented, cloth like appearance with different porosities. The influence of temperature change on oil/water mixture was studied. Fluffy fibers showed a better performance in sorption capacity. Results indicated that change in temperature was an important factor in determining the sorption capacity of the fibers. Additionally, in contrast to solution electrospinning, melt electrospinning is safer, cost effective and environmental friendly because of solvents elimination.

Application of variothermal heating concepts for the production of microstructured films using the extrusion embossing process

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Michaeli ◽  
Stephan Eilbracht ◽  
Micha Scharf ◽  
Claudia Hartmann ◽  
Kirsten Bobzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Structured Surfaces ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
External Heating

Abstract The application of the extrusion embossing process is a fast and cost-effective way to produce large-scale films with structured surfaces. In principle, microscopic and macroscopic surface structures can be manufactured this way. Particularly for the fabrication of microscopic structures, the reproduction accuracy can be remarkably improved by applying variothermal heating concepts for the embossing roll. In this article, two possible heating concepts are investigated: one laser-based and another using an inductor. The generated temperature profile along the circumference of the embossing roll is studied, taking the material of the embossing roll as well as different processing parameters into account. Both external heating systems (laser vs. inductor) are tested and compared. Furthermore, the improvement of the accuracy of the replicated microstructures is examined.

scholarly journals Biotechnological Valorization of Pectinolytics and Their Industrial Applications: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
Muhammad Asgher ◽  
Zahid Anwar ◽  
Aftab Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Green Biotechnology ◽  
A Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Target Yield ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Agricultural Materials

In the last several years, in serious consideration of the worldwide economic and environmental issues there has been an increasing research interest in the value of naturally occurring bio-sourced materials. Agro-industrial based biomass comprised of pectin is an inexpensive, renewable, abundant natural resource that could be utilized for large-scale and cost-effective production of natural products i.e., pectinolytics. Pectinolytics are one of the most widely distributed enzymes in bacteria, fungi and plants. From ancient times to date, many methods have been introduced to improve the optimization of pectinolytics to obtain high yields of maximal purity. To expand the range of natural bio-resources the rapidly evolving tools of biotechnology can lower the conversion costs and also enhance target yield of the product of interest. This green biotechnology presents a promising approach to convert most of the agricultural materials into a value-added product with multiple applications. Major advances have already been achieved in recent years in order to obtain high levels of purity with optimal yields. The present review begins with an overview of pectinolytics and their physico-chemical features, and their specific role with classification based on pectic materials. Information is also given on the culture influences and potential sources of pectinolytics, followed by a brief summary of various industrial and biotechnological applications and future considerations.

A Short Review on Recent Development of Laccase Immobilization on Different Support Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norsyafiqah Amalina Ahmad Jafri ◽  
◽  
Roshanida A. Rahman ◽  
Noorhalieza Ali ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
High Production ◽  
Efficient Recovery ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Laccase Immobilization

Laccase is a bio catalytic agent and multi-copper enzyme containing oxidases that are potentially great for oxidizing large number of phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. However, drawbacks do arise when laccase use in large scale; low in stability, high production cost, non-reusability, sensitive towards denaturing and poor storage ability of free enzymes. These problems lead to the progress in laccase immobilization in order to facilitate the efficient recovery and re-use of the enzyme, thus enabling cost-effective in continuous processes. Apart from discussing on different methods in laccase immobilization such as entrapment, encapsulation and cross-linking in general, we have reviewed a recent development in laccase immobilization on different supports or carriers binding (natural and synthetic). Future works are recommended to focus on innovative strategies on the modified supports to improve the enzyme immobilization as well as sensible entrapment techniques for industrial applications.

A Novel Melt Electrospinning System for Studying Cell Substrate Interactions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippos Tourlomousis ◽  
Azizbek Babakhanov ◽  
Houzhu Ding ◽  
Robert C. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Electrospun Fiber ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Melt Electrospinning ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Cellular Microenvironments

Controlling cell behavior has generated immense attention in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Particular emphasis has been given to the creation of 3D biomimetic cellular microenvironments that replicate the complex nature of the extracellular matrix (ECM). A key factor that has not been rigorously deconstructed using scalable, layered manufacturing approaches is the structural dimension or scale aspect of in vitro culture models. Melt electrospinning represents a bio-additive manufacturing process that has been relatively under-reported. Although complex in nature, the melt electrospinning process can furnish a 3D cell delivery format with physiologically relevant 3D structural cues. In the present work, poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) has been chosen as the biomaterial substrate. Rheological studies that guide the design phase of the reported system have been performed for the entire PCL melt processing range, implicating the governing effect of the experimental melt temperature on the scale and the topography in the final processed material. Notable challenges that arise from the nature of the process with respect to the electrospun fiber stability and resolution have been overcome through the design of a novel heating element configuration. In this paper, a reliable biofabrication process with tunable processing of the fiber diameter and alignment is reported. Fundamental parametric studies utilizing the major processing parameters demonstrate the potential for the system to precisely fabricate 3D PCL scaffolds with microstructural features.

scholarly journals A Review of the Effect of Processing Variables on the Fabrication of Electrospun Nanofibers for Drug Delivery Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viness Pillay ◽  
Clare Dott ◽  
Yahya E. Choonara ◽  
Charu Tyagi ◽  
Lomas Tomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Ultrafine Fibers ◽  
Processing Variables ◽  
Repulsive Forces

Electrospinning is a fast emerging technique for producing ultrafine fibers by utilizing electrostatic repulsive forces. The technique has gathered much attention due to the emergence of nanotechnology that sparked worldwide research interest in nanomaterials for their preparation and application in biomedicine and drug delivery. Electrospinning is a simple, adaptable, cost-effective, and versatile technique for producing nanofibers. For effective and efficient use of the technique, several processing parameters need to be optimized for fabricating polymeric nanofibers. The nanofiber morphology, size, porosity, surface area, and topography can be refined by varying these parameters. Such flexibility and diversity in nanofiber fabrication by electrospinning has broadened the horizons for widespread application of nanofibers in the areas of drug and gene delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering. Drug-loaded electrospun nanofibers have been used in implants, transdermal systems, wound dressings, and as devices for aiding the prevention of postsurgical abdominal adhesions and infection. They show great promise for use in drug delivery provided that one can confidently control the processing variables during fabrication. This paper provides a concise incursion into the application of electrospun nanofibers in drug delivery and cites pertinent processing parameters that may influence the performance of the nanofibers when applied to drug delivery.

scholarly journals Equal-Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE): From a Laboratory Curiosity to an Industrial Technology

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Segal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Extrusion ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Industrial Technology ◽  
Structure Modification ◽  
Retrospective View ◽  
Angular Extrusion

This paper presents a state-of-the-art and a retrospective view of the critical stages in the evolution of equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE) from the original idea to a cost-effective industrial technology. These stages include optimization of the structure modification and material processing, development of the special tools, process commercialization, and a large-scale validation of the semi-continuous ECAE at the industrial floor. All aspects are extensively summarized, based on the author’s experience in the field, which spans almost half of a century. Special attention is paid to the processing of large batch billets. Practical examples illustrate industrial applications of ECAE. The scope for future development is also discussed.

scholarly journals Generation of compressed air by cascaded thermocompressors – project status

2021 ◽  
Vol 313 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Fabian Fischer ◽  
Hans-Detlev Kühl
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Dead Volume ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Annular Gap ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Constructive Simplicity

Compressed air is one of the most widely used industrial energy sources, and its production by mechanical compressors is extremely expensive and, in addition, inefficient. Therefore, the utilization of waste heat, which accrues on a large scale in many industrial applications, by means of a thermocompressor is an obvious alternative. This contribution presents a design approach to experimentally investigate a reciprocating thermocompressor with a self-actuated overdriven free displacer. These experiments shall be the basis for the design and realization of a cascade of identical stages, which has so far only been investigated by means of analytical modelling and theoretical similarity considerations. The main advantage of this approach is its extreme constructive simplicity and the expected self-regulating effect, which both facilitate a cost-effective production and operation. As the minimization of dead volume and fluid friction losses is essential, the heat exchangers and the regenerator are plainly realized by an annular gap around the displacer in the proposed design, thus further increasing its simplicity. The design parameters are determined by an optimization based on an analytical model extended by various losses and heat transfer limitations.

Efficient Schedule of Energy-Constrained UAV Using Crowdsourced Buses in Last-Mile Parcel Delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Yan Pan ◽  
Shining Li ◽  
Qianwu Chen ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Delivery Scheduling ◽  
Schedule Approach

Stimulated by the dramatical service demand in the logistics industry, logistics trucks employed in last-mile parcel delivery bring critical public concerns, such as heavy cost burden, traffic congestion and air pollution. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are a promising alternative tool in last-mile delivery, which is however limited by insufficient flight range and load capacity. This paper presents an innovative energy-limited logistics UAV schedule approach using crowdsourced buses. Specifically, when one UAV delivers a parcel, it first lands on a crowdsourced social bus to parcel destination, gets recharged by the wireless recharger deployed on the bus, and then flies from the bus to the parcel destination. This novel approach not only increases the delivery range and load capacity of battery-limited UAVs, but is also much more cost-effective and environment-friendly than traditional methods. New challenges therefore emerge as the buses with spatiotemporal mobility become the bottleneck during delivery. By landing on buses, an Energy-Neutral Flight Principle and a delivery scheduling algorithm are proposed for the UAVs. Using the Energy-Neutral Flight Principle, each UAV can plan a flying path without depleting energy given buses with uncertain velocities. Besides, the delivery scheduling algorithm optimizes the delivery time and number of delivered parcels given warehouse location, logistics UAVs, parcel locations and buses. Comprehensive evaluations using a large-scale bus dataset demonstrate the superiority of the innovative logistics UAV schedule approach.

Trust is Good, Control is Better: A Review on Monitoring and Characterization Techniques for Flow Battery Electrolytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Sigmar Schubert ◽  
Oliver Nolte ◽  
Ivan Volodin ◽  
Christian Stolze ◽  
Martin D. Hager
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
Renewable Electricity Generation ◽  
Storage Technologies

Flow Batteries (FBs) currently are one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies for energy grids with a large share of renewable electricity generation. Among the main technological challenges...

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