scholarly journals Stochastic Dosimetry Assessment of the Human RF-EMF Exposure to 3D Beamforming Antennas in indoor 5G Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1751
Author(s):  
Marta Bonato ◽  
Laura Dossi ◽  
Emma Chiaramello ◽  
Serena Fiocchi ◽  
Gabriella Tognola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Access Point ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Beamforming Antennas ◽  
Planar Array ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
3D Beamforming ◽  
Near Future

The deployment of near future 5G networks will introduce modifications in the population’s exposure levels to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs). The present work aimed to face the challenge of studying the exposure variability in the presence of an access point (AP) at 3.7 GHz with 64 patch elements uniform planar array antenna and 3D beamforming capability. The novelty introduced in the methodology of the exposure’s evaluation was the combining of traditional computational methods with a new approach based on stochastic dosimetry, called polynomial chaos kriging method, in order to estimate the exposure levels for 1000 different antenna beamforming patterns with low computational efforts. The simulations were evaluated considering a child model and computing the specific absorption rate (SAR) in different tissues. The analysis of the results highlighted a high exposure variability scenario depending on the beamforming patterns of the array antenna and identified the ranges of elevation and azimuth angles of the main antenna beam that may cause the highest levels of exposure.

scholarly journals Effects of Inter-Element Spacing and Number of Elements on Planar Array Antenna Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Noor Hidayah Muhamad Adnan ◽  
Islam Md. Rafiqul ◽  
AHM Zahirul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Lower Half ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Main Lobe ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Planar Array ◽  
Half Power ◽  
Antenna Characteristics

<p>Planar array antenna is seen as one of the innovative solutions of massive MIMO and 5G networks since they provide directive beams. In this paper, planar array antenna with square and rectangular arrangements based on 2 x 2 antenna elements as one subarray was proposed. Then, array factor for the the planar array antenna with up to 64 antenna elements was calculated to analyze the effects of inter-element spacing and number of elements on the antenna characteristics. Higher values of inter-element spacing contributed to higher number of side lobes, narrower main lobe, higher directivity and lower half power beamwidth (HPBW). Inter-element spacing equals to 0.5λ was found to be the most suitable value for planar array antenna design based on the analysis. Meanwhile, higher number of antenna elements increased the value of directivity of the planar array with narrower HPBW. Therefore, there is a tradeoff between directivity and HPBW in designing planar array antenna for massive MIMO application.       </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Extending the Scope of ALM to Social Investment: Investing in Population Growth to Enhance Sustainability of the Korean National Pension Service

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Woong Bee Choi ◽  
Dongyeol Lee ◽  
Woo Chang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Multistage Stochastic Programming ◽  
Defined Benefit ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Liability Management ◽  
Good Investment ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Benefit System

The Korean National Pension Service (NPS) is a partially funded and defined-benefit system. Although the accumulated Fund of the NPS has been increased gradually, this large fund is concerned about depletion in the near future due to the unprecedented aging population and the low fertility rate. In this study, we have developed an asset-liability management (ALM) model that endogenizes variables which were regarded as being exogenous by including them in investable assets. We present the multistage stochastic programming (MSP) formulation incorporating the population structure as a variable that is new to ALM. The optimal portfolio encompassing the investment in raising the fertility rate is obtained. Extending the scope of ALM to social investment is a new approach that has not been attempted in other ALM studies. We demonstrate that socially driven investments can also be a good investment asset in which the NPS should consider to invest.

Planar array antenna using both-sided MIC's feeder circuits

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Egashira ◽  
Eisuke Nishiyama ◽  
Masayoshi Aikawa
Keyword(s):  
Array Antenna ◽  
Planar Array

scholarly journals MULTI-BAND ORTHOGONAL LINEAR POLARIZATION DISCRIMINATION PLANAR ARRAY ANTENNA

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Azad Hossain ◽  
Eisuke Nishiyama ◽  
Masayoshi Aikawa ◽  
Ichihiko Toyoda
Keyword(s):  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Planar Array ◽  
Multi Band

Alzheimer's Electroencephalogram Event Scalp and Source Localization

2016 ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Pedro Miguel Rodrigues ◽  
João Paulo Teixeira ◽  
Diamantino R. S. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Source Localization ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Brain Anomalies ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Temporal Events ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Irreversible Impairment

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia which causes a progressive and irreversible impairment of several cognitive functions. The aging population has been increasing significantly in recent decades and this disease affects mainly the elderly. Its diagnostic accuracy is relatively low and there is not a biomarker able to detect AD without invasive tests. Despite the progress in better understanding the disease there remains no prospect of cure at least in the near future. The electroencephalogram (EEG) test is a widely available technology in clinical settings. It may help diagnosis of brain disorders, once it can be used in patients who have cognitive impairment involving a general decrease in overall brain function or in patients with a located deficit. This study is a new approach to improve the scalp localization and the detection of brain anomalies (EEG temporal events) sources associated with AD by using the EEG.

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