scholarly journals Evaluation of Waste Blends with Sewage Sludge as a Potential Material Input for Pyrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1610
Author(s):  
Lenka Kubonova ◽  
Iva Janakova ◽  
Petra Malikova ◽  
Silvie Drabinova ◽  
Milan Dej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Maximal Mass ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Loss Rates

In line with the requirements of the circular economy, the European Union’s waste management legislative changes also concern the treatment of sewage sludge. Although sewage sludge production cannot be prevented, its quantities may be reduced by the synergetic effect of energy recovery via choosing a proper technology. Sewage sludge is difficult to apply as fuel alone, because of its high moisture and ash content. However, its energy use will be increased by adding suitable waste materials (different types of plastics, waste tires and paper rejects). Most recently, the thermal utilization of sewage sludge via incineration or pyrolysis has grown in importance. This article describes the fuel parameters of particular waste materials and of their blends with sewage sludge in connection with laboratory-scale thermal decomposition in an inert atmosphere, for their potential use in a semi-pilot plant pyrolysis unit. For pyrolytic application, the results of thermogravimetric analysis are needed in order to know the maximal temperature of thermal decomposition in an inert atmosphere, maximal mass losses, and weight loss rates. The samples of different thermoplastics mixed with sewage sludge, and low-density polyethylene blends with sewage sludge, had the lowest residual masses (70–74%) and the highest weight loss rates (11–19%/min). On the other hand, the blend of polyester rejects from tire processing, paper rejects and sewage sludge had the second highest residual mass (60%) and the lowest weight loss rate (3%/min).

Thermodynamics, kinetics and thermal decomposition characteristics of sewage sludge during slow pyrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 112006
Author(s):  
Katlego Mphahlele ◽  
Ratale Henry Matjie ◽  
Peter Ogbemudia Osifo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis

scholarly journals Applying Mixture of Municipal Incinerator Bottom Ash and Sewage Sludge Ash for Ceramic Tile Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3863
Author(s):  
Deng-Fong Lin ◽  
Wei-Jhu Wang ◽  
Chia-Wen Chen ◽  
Kuo-Liang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Sewage Sludge Ash ◽  
Kiln Temperature ◽  
Sludge Ash

Municipal incinerator bottom ash (MIBA) and sewage sludge ash (SSA) are secondary wastes produced from municipal incinerators. Landfills, disposal at sea, and agricultural use have been the major outlets for these secondary wastes. As global emphasis on sustainability arises, many have called for an increasing reuse of waste materials as valuable resources. In this study, MIBA and SSA were mixed with clay for ceramic tile manufacturing in this study. Raw materials firstly went through TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) to ensure their feasibility for reuse. From scanning electron microscopy (SEM), clay’s smooth surface was contrasted with the porous surface of MIBA and SSA, which led to a higher water requirement for the mixing. Specimens with five MIBA mix percentages of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (wt) and three SSA mix percentages of 0%, 10%, and 20% (wt) were made to compare how the two waste materials affected the quality of the final product and to what extent. Shrinkage tests showed that MIBA and SSA contributed oppositely to tile shrinkage, as more MIBA reduced tile shrinkage, while more SSA encouraged tile shrinkage. However, as the kiln temperature reached 1150 °C, the SiO2-rich SSA adversely reduced the shrinkage due to the glass phase that formed to expand the tile instead. Both MIBA and SSA increased water tile absorption and reduced its bending strength and wear resistance. Increasing the kiln temperature could effectively improve the water absorption, bending strength, and wear resistance of high MIBA and SSA mixes, as SEM showed a more compact structure at higher temperatures. However, when the temperature reached 1100 °C, more pores appeared and seemingly exhausted the benefit brought by the higher temperature. Complex interactions between kiln temperature and MIBA/SSA mix percentage bring unpredictable performance of tile shrinkage, bending strength, and water absorption, which makes it very challenging to create a sample meeting all the specification requirements. We conclude that a mix with up to 20% of SSA and 5% of MIBA could result in quality tiles meeting the requirements for interior or exterior flooring applications when the kiln temperature is carefully controlled.

Spectrographic Analysis of Cast Iron Using Fused Buttons

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Cummings ◽  
Ronald H. Hall ◽  
Ronald J. Plenzler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
White Cast Iron ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Spectrographic Analysis ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Good Homogeneity

This paper presents an analytical method for the determination of minor metals in white cast iron fused buttons. This method enables the measurement of metals in cast iron with rapidity and excellent analytical results. Buttons of 40 g appear to be ideal but smaller button samples can be tolerated. The fused buttons have good homogeneity, very slight weight loss, and no significant change in composition. Metal cast spectrochemical samples are analyzed in an inert atmosphere utilizing a high voltage spark.

Consolidation of cement-treated sewage sludge using vertical drains

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Chu ◽  
M H Goi ◽  
T T Lim
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Prefabricated Vertical Drains ◽  
Vertical Drains ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
The World

The disposal of sewage sludge and other waste materials has become a problem in many cities around the world. A study on the use of sewage sludge and other waste materials for land reclamation has been conducted. One of the methods studied is to dispose of the sludge after it has been mixed with binders or other waste materials and then to consolidate the mixture on site using surcharge and prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs). To study the consolidation behaviour of the sludge–binder mixtures around PVDs, model tests using a fully instrumented consolidation tank were conducted. Some of the test results are presented in this paper. The study shows that PVDs are effective in consolidating the sludge and binder mixtures, provided that the PVDs used can sustain large bending and resist corrosion by the chemicals in the sludge.Key words: consolidation, geoenvironmental, land reclamation, prefabricated vertical drains.

Co-pyrolysis kinetics of sewage sludge and oil shale thermal decomposition using TGA–FTIR analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Lin ◽  
Yanfen Liao ◽  
Zhaosheng Yu ◽  
Shiwen Fang ◽  
Yousheng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Corrosion Behaviors of Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr Alloys in CO2 Atmosphere under Different Relative Humidity

2014 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Quan Tong Jiang ◽  
Xing Gang Li ◽  
Yong Jun Li ◽  
Ming Long Ma ◽  
Guo Liang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Corrosion Morphology ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors ◽  
Peak Aged ◽  
Residual Mechanical Properties ◽  
Loss Rates

The corrosion behaviors of peak-aged Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloys in CO2atmosphere under different relative humidity were investigated by OM, SEM. The weight loss rates, corrosion morphology and residual mechanical properties were also analyzed. The corrosion rates of specimens in CO2atmosphere at 70% relative humidity were highest than others. Relevancy of the influence factors included relative humidity and concentration of CO2were researched. The results show that relative humidity and concentration of CO2in the environment both played an important role in corrosion behaviors.

scholarly journals A Novel Recycling Technology of Bamboo Using NaOH

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Bamboo Forest ◽  
Alkali Fusion ◽  
Combustible Gas ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Behavior ◽  
Recycling Technology ◽  
Decomposition Behavior ◽  
Alkali Hydroxide

The bamboo industry in Japan is declined, and disordered bamboo forests are increasing. Although maintenance of bamboo forest is needed, a large amount of bamboo wastes after logging is generated and left untreated. Therefore, new utilization of bamboo wastes after logging are desired. In this research, we aimed to develop a new recycling technology for bamboo using alkali hydroxide. By pyrolyzing bamboo using hydroxide under an inert atmosphere, thermal decomposition of organic contents and alkali fusion of silica component inside the bamboo were carried out simultaneously to recover combustible gas, charcoal and silica component. The thermal decomposition behavior of bamboo, the properties of the obtained charcoal and extraction of silica in the presence of alkali hydroxide were investigated, and the optimum condition of bamboo recycling treatment was examined. As a result, it was found that when 1 g of bamboo was pyrolyzed at higher than 500 °C with 3 g NaOH ,the almost silica was extracted, a large amount of gas generated, and a carbonized material with specific surface area of about more than 1100 m2 /g was obtained.

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