scholarly journals Emissions Reduction of Greenhouse Gases, Ozone Precursors, Aerosols and Acidifying Gases from Road Transportation during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1458
Author(s):  
Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo ◽  
Laura C. Mantilla-Romo ◽  
Tomás R. Bolaño-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ozone Precursors ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories

The aim of this work was to analyze the changes in the emissions from the transport sector during the COVID-19 lockdown in Colombia. We compared estimated emissions from road transportation of four groups of pollutants, namely, greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O), ozone precursor gases (CO, NMVOC, NOx), aerosols (BC, PM2.5, PM10), and acidifying gases (NH3, SO2), during the first half of 2020 with values obtained in the same period of 2018. The estimate of emissions from road transportation was determined using a standardized methodology consistent with the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the European Environment Agency/European Monitoring and Evaluation Program. We found a substantial reduction in GHG emissions for CH4, N2O, and CO2 by 17%, 21%, and 28%, respectively. The ozone precursors CO and NMVOC presented a decrease of 21% and 22%, respectively, while NOx emissions were reduced up to 15% for the study period. In addition, BC decreased 15%, and there was a reduction of 17% for both PM10 and PM2.5 emissions. Finally, acidifying gases presented negative variations of 19% for SO2 and 23% for NH3 emissions. Furthermore, these results were consistent with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations and measurements at air quality stations. Our results suggest that the largest decreases were due to the reduction in the burning of gasoline and diesel oil from the transport sector during the COVID-19 lockdown. These results can serve decision makers in adopting strategies to improve air quality related to the analyzed sector.

scholarly journals Estimation of Greenhouse Gases Emission from Road Transportation in Yogyakarta City

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Qorry Nugrahayu ◽  
Raditya Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Yogyakarta City

The use of vehicles in Yogyakarta City is quite a lot. Fuelcombustion in the vehicle produces some greenhouse gases emissions suchas Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrogen Dioxide. This causes thetransportation sector to become one of the largest greenhouse gasesemission contributors. This research is aimed to calculate the greenhousegases emission (Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Methane) from theroad transportation sector in Yogyakarta City using IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Tier 1 and activity data in2015. The result of this research showed that the greenhouse gasesemissions produced in Yogyakarta City for the gasoline fuel and the dieselfuel in 2015 are 236.061 Gg CO2eq /year and 31.807 Gg CO2eq /year. These cause the total greenhouse gases emission from the roadtransportation sector in Yogyakarta City to become 267.868 Gg CO2 eq/year.

The case for long-term studies of greenhouse gas emissions

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIM NEWCOMB
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Long Term Studies

Many nations have recognized the need to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The scientific assessments of climate change of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) support the need to reduce GHG emissions. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the 1992 Convention on Climate Change (UNTS 30822) has now been signed by more than 65 countries, although that Protocol has not yet entered into force. Some 14 of the industrialized countries listed in the Protocol face reductions in carbon dioxide emissions of more than 10% compared to projected 1997 carbon dioxide emissions (Najam & Page 1998).

scholarly journals Uncertainties in the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) emission inventory of greenhouse gases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 5655-5683
Author(s):  
Efisio Solazzo ◽  
Monica Crippa ◽  
Diego Guizzardi ◽  
Marilena Muntean ◽  
Margarita Choulga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Log Normal

Abstract. The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) estimates the human-induced emission rates on Earth. EDGAR collaborates with atmospheric modelling activities and aids policy in the design of mitigation strategies and in evaluating their effectiveness. In these applications, the uncertainty estimate is an essential component, as it quantifies the accuracy and qualifies the level of confidence in the emission. This study complements the EDGAR emissions inventory by providing an estimation of the structural uncertainty stemming from its base components (activity data, AD, statistics and emission factors, EFs) by (i) associating uncertainty to each AD and EF characterizing the emissions of the three main greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O); (ii) combining them; and (iii) making assumptions regarding the cross-country uncertainty aggregation of source categories. It was deemed a natural choice to obtain the uncertainties in EFs and AD statistics from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines issued in 2006 (with a few exceptions), as the EF and AD sources and methodological aspects used by EDGAR have been built over the years based on the IPCC recommendations, which assured consistency in time and comparability across countries. On the one hand, the homogeneity of the method is one of the key strengths of EDGAR, on the other hand, it facilitates the propagation of uncertainties when similar emission sources are aggregated. For this reason, this study aims primarily at addressing the aggregation of uncertainties' sectorial emissions across GHGs and countries. Globally, we find that the anthropogenic emissions covered by EDGAR for the combined three main GHGs for the year 2015 are accurate within an interval of −15 % to +20 % (defining the 95 % confidence of a log-normal distribution). The most uncertain emissions are those related to N2O from waste and agriculture, while CO2 emissions, although responsible for 74 % of the total GHG emissions, account for approximately 11 % of global uncertainty share. The sensitivity to methodological choices is also discussed.

Biofuels, Hybrid and Mitigations of Greenhouse Gases Emissions: Scenario Perspective for Algerian Transport Sector by 2050

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 162-175
Author(s):  
Kamel Bencheikh ◽  
Noureddine Settou
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Transition Policy

The expanding and highly greedy Algerian transport sector is totally depending on petro-products, due to the rising numbers of automobile fleets and the excessive dependence on road transportation. Irrecoverable Greenhouse gases GHGs emitted by this sector are constantly increasing. As a result, consumption of diesel and gasoline reached record levels. Consequently, there is a strong need of cleaner, eco-friendly and economically viable alternative fuels. Biofuels, electric, compressed natural gas CNG, liquefied petroleum gas LGP vehicles, are expected to play a crucial role in meeting energy and environmental policies targets. In this paper, the Algerian transport sector perspectives and Greenhouse gases mitigations, in different shaped scenarios based on semi-empirical models, are analyzed and discussed. For adequate policy shaped in a scenario, in 2050, annual Algerian consumption could decrease up to 35%, 43% of CO2 emissions and 73% of NOx emissions could be mitigated compared to no-intervention scenario. These promising findings indicate the huge potential of resource diversification on the transportation sector. Therefore, implementing such policies is fundamental for a durable Algerian’s transportation sector transition policy.

scholarly journals Indonesia Zero Emissions Application (EMISI): Methodology for Calculating Individual Emissions from Goods Deliveries, and Marine and Aviation Transport

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanda Noor ◽  
Retno Wihanesta ◽  
Muhamad Rizki ◽  
Jeanly Syahputri ◽  
Philipe Gan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Human activities can contribute to the production of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollutants, thus exacerbating the impact of the climate crisis. The Indonesia Zero Emissions Application (EMISI) was developed in 2020 to help the public and organizations easily calculate and track emissions associated with land transportation activity in Indonesia. The WRI Indonesia team had produced a technical note to extend EMISI platform’s calculator to calculate household emissions. Now, the team has extended the platform to calculate the emissions generated from goods deliveries, and marine, and aviation transportation. More than 50 percent (2018) of transport emissions came from aviation, marine, and road-freight transport (Ritchie 2020), more attention should be given to this sector, especially in an archipelagic country such as Indonesia, where both aviation and marine-based transportation plays a vital role. Additionally, though the government has set up initiatives to accelerate the electrification of the transport sector, aviation, marine, and road freight are difficult to decarbonize and electrify and therefore other efforts to reduce or mitigate emissions from these sectors are important. This technical note focuses on calculating methane (CH4) and CO2 as GHG emissions, followed by carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), fine particulate matter (PM2.5, meaning particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 micrometers), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) as air pollutants, considering their substantial implications for climate change and air pollution. Consequently, further adjustments to methodologies of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are made by adopting Indonesia-specific emission factors, coefficients, and assumptions from best available government data (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource Indonesia 2017; Ministry of Environment and Forestry Indonesia 2017; 2010), with complementary international sources (ICAO 2016; Olmer et al. 2017; United Nations 2020).

scholarly journals Accounting Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste Treatment by Composting: A Case of Study Bolivia

Eng ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-277
Author(s):  
Magaly Beltran-Siñani ◽  
Antonio Gil
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Solid Waste Treatment

Waste generation is one of the multiple factors affecting the environment and human health that increases directly with growing population and social and economic development. Nowadays, municipal solid waste disposal sites and their management create climate challenges worldwide, with one of the main problems being high biowaste content that has direct repercussions on greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. In Bolivia, as in the most developing countries, dumps are the main disposal sites for solid waste. These places usually are non-engineered and poorly implemented due to social, technical, institutional and financial limitations. Composting plants for treatment of biowaste appear as an alternative solution to the problem. Some Bolivian municipalities have implemented pilot projects with successful social results; however, access to the economic and financial resources for this alternative are limited. In order to encourage the composting practice in the other Bolivian municipalities it is necessary to account for the GHG emissions. The aim of the present study compiles and summarizes the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines methodology and some experimental procedures for accounting of the greenhouse gases emissions during the biowaste composting process as an alternative to its deposition in a dump or landfill. The GHG emissions estimation results by open windrow composting process determined in the present study show two scenarios: 38% of reduction when 50% of the biowaste collected in 2019 was composted; and 12% of reduction when 20% of the biowaste was composted.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions in the Transportation Sector of Senegal

Earth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Bertrand Tchanche
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Outdoor Air Quality ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Government

The transportation sector of Senegal is dominated by the road subsector, which relies on fossil fuels: gasoline and diesel. Their combustion generates substances such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and many others responsible for climate change, which has negative impacts on the environment, human health, and activities. This study is based on data collected from Senegal’s official reports on transport and energy, and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) greenhouse gases’ analysis methods. In the period 2000–2013, growing emissions were experienced, reaching up to 2.38 × 106 tCO2-eq in 2013. The aging vehicle fleet (~20 years old on average), made up of light-duty vehicles (around 85%), a fast-growing number of imported cars, and the predominance of diesel engines (around 59%) are the aggravating factors. Beyond climate change, other gaseous substances resulting from the combustion of fuels such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxide (SO2), and particle matters (PMs) contribute to the deterioration of the outdoor air quality. Therefore, it is becoming urgent to monitor the evolution of these emissions and take appropriate measures to reduce their concentrations in the atmosphere. The Government of Senegal has taken a step forward through the modernization of transport infrastructure, and the creation of a center dedicated to the monitoring of outdoor air quality (Centre de Gestion de la Qualité de l’Air—CGQA) and a center in charge of the technical control of vehicles (Centre de Contrôle Technique des Véhicules Automobiles—CCTVA) in Dakar, but much remains to be done.

scholarly journals Real-Time Quantitative Assessment of Transport Induced Greenhouse Gases Emissions Profile in Lagos, Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinenye Lilian Okafor ◽  
Michael A Ahove ◽  
Samuel G Odewumi ◽  
Michael MacCracken ◽  
Babatunde Odesanya
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Volatile Organic Hydrocarbons

Abstract Over the years, scientists have established that when fossil fuels are burnt, the resultant effect is pollution of the ambient air with pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), oxides of sulfur (SOX), volatile organic hydrocarbons and particulate matter and atmospheric greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) and heat-warming or cooling aerosols such as black soot and sulfate aerosols, respectively. These pollutants become present in the atmosphere at a concentration that can affect human health, the environment, and even society as a whole. Since around 1750, human activities have increased the concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by many tens of percent over the last two centuries. The Federal Government of Nigeria, through the office of National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA), established guidelines and standards (limits) for the abatement and control of all forms of pollution through the establishment of Nigerian Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Different studies on the impacts of urban road transportation on ambient air quality carried out by scholars have suggested that most pollutant gases in the atmosphere are traffic-related as a result of the combustion of petroleum-based products like gasoline and diesel in internal combustion engines. This study deployed a quantitative technique to determine the emissions profile of transport nodes in Ikeja, Lagos through the use of AEROQUAL 500s portable air monitoring equipment. Results showed that CO, CO2 and CH4 emissions were highest during the AM peak and PM peak periods and lower during the inter-peak period, while NOx emissions were relatively stable throughout the time periods.

Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Measures in Transportation Sector of Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsuddin Shahid ◽  
Anil Minhans ◽  
Othman Che Puan
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Policy Measures

Malaysia has committed to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by up to 40% by the year 2020. The fact that transport sector of Malaysia shares a big portion of national GHG emissions; its role is paramount. The present study reviews the current state of GHG emission, the major technical and policy measures that can be adopted, and the measures that have been initiated in Malaysia for GHG emission reduction in transportation sector. Data related to road vehicles and GHG emission from road transportation are collected from open source databases and analyzed to reveal the present trends and possible future changes in GHG emission due to government initiatives. The result shows deceleration of GHG emission from transportation sector of Malaysia in recent years. However, the study reveals that the present measures may not be enough to reduce GHG emission up to the set target. Malaysia needs more prudent strategies for climate-friendly development of transportation to achieve sustainability goals. The study also examines the potential of Malaysia to reduce GHG and the measures that that can be initiated to streamline the effort towards GHG emission reduction are discussed.

scholarly journals Transport as a Factor in the Achievement of the EU Goals to Combat Climate Changes and to Reduce Greenhouse Gases Emissions

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
Barbara Pawłowska ◽  
Michał Suchanek
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Eu

One of the priorities of the “Europe 2020” strategy is to combat climate change and to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The key elements for the climate policy framework for the European Commission for 2020 are as follows: (1) reducing GHG emissions by 40% in comparison to the level in 1990; (2) increasing the share of renewable energy in the use of final energy to 27%; (3) increasing the energetic efficiency by 27%. Those are ambitious goals which will require the Member States to increase their efforts in all the sectors of the economy. In 2015 the GHG emissions in the EU fell by 23.7% in comparison to the level in 1990. All the sectors, apart from the transport sector contributed to the emission reduction in the years 1990–2015. The transport emission increased by 13.3% in that period in comparison to the year 1990, which is particularly worrisome. This is important because the fuels use in the transport sector contributed to approximately 20% of all the GHG emissions in the EU in 2015. The article presents the factors and the tools which significantly affect the achievement of the goals set in the Green Paper: a 2030 framework for energy and climate policies, which concern the transport sector and the indicated guidelines and instruments supporting them. The road transport will be extensively analysed as it is the transport mode which shows an extraordinary growth tendency and it is a vital barrier in the achievement of the goals set in the area of “Climate change and GHG emission reduction”. The article presents the results of the research, which show the impact of various identified tools on the achievement of the threepriorities of the climate policy. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used, in which the dependent variables were: the GHG emission levels, the use of renewable energy and the energy intensity of transport. The results were calculated based on the data from 28 Member States and the model was verified.

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