scholarly journals Calculation of Agro-Climatic Factors from Global Climatic Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1245
Author(s):  
Karel Jedlička ◽  
Jiří Valeš ◽  
Pavel Hájek ◽  
Michal Kepka ◽  
Martin Pitoňák
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Factor ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Representative Point ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
In Situ Sensors

This manuscript aims to create large-scale calculations of agro-climatic factors from global climatic data with high granularity-climatic ERA5-Land dataset from the Copernicus Climate Change Service in particular. First, we analyze existing approaches used for agro-climatic factor calculation and formulate a frame for our calculations. Then we describe the design of our methods for calculation and visualization of certain agro-climatic factors. We then run two case studies. Firstly, the case study of Kojčice validates the uncertainty of input data by in-situ sensors. Then, the case study of the Pilsen region presents certain agro-climatic factors calculated for a representative point of the area and visualizes their time-variability in graphs. Maps represent a spatial distribution of the chosen factors for the Pilsen region. The calculated agro-climatic factors are frost dates, frost-free periods, growing degree units, heat stress units, number of growing days, number of optimal growing days, dates of fall nitrogen application, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff sums together as water balance and solar radiation. The algorithms are usable anywhere in the world, especially in temperate and subtropical zones.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY WASTEWATER FROM BROWN COAL PROCESSING ¬ A REMEDIATION CASE STUDY IN GERMANY

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt Wiessner ◽  
Jochen A. Müller ◽  
Peter Kuschk ◽  
Uwe Kappelmeyer ◽  
Matthias Kästner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Phenolic Wastewater ◽  
Term Monitoring

The large scale of the contamination by the former carbo-chemical industry in Germany requires new and often interdisciplinary approaches for performing an economically sustainable remediation. For example, a highly toxic and dark-colored phenolic wastewater from a lignite pyrolysis factory was filled into a former open-cast pit, forming a large wastewater disposal pond. This caused an extensive environmental pollution, calling for an ecologically and economically acceptable strategy for remediation. Laboratory-scale investigations and pilot-scale tests were carried out. The result was the development of a strategy for an implementation of full-scale enhanced in situ natural attenuation on the basis of separate habitats in a meromictic pond. Long-term monitoring of the chemical and biological dynamics of the pond demonstrates the metamorphosis of a former highly polluted industrial waste deposition into a nature-integrated ecosystem with reduced danger for the environment, and confirmed the strategy for the chosen remediation management.

scholarly journals Solar wind ion trends and signatures: STEREO PLASTIC observations approaching solar minimum

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 3909-3922 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Galvin ◽  
M. A. Popecki ◽  
K. D. C. Simunac ◽  
L. M. Kistler ◽  
L. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Slow Solar Wind ◽  
Transient Event ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Scale Structures

Abstract. STEREO has now completed the first two years of its mission, moving from close proximity to Earth in 2006/2007 to more than 50 degrees longitudinal separation from Earth in 2009. During this time, several large-scale structures have been observed in situ. Given the prevailing solar minimum conditions, these structures have been predominantly coronal hole-associated solar wind, slow solar wind, their interfaces, and the occasional transient event. In this paper, we extend earlier solar wind composition studies into the current solar minimum using high-resolution (1-h) sampling times for the charge state analysis. We examine 2-year trends for iron charge states and solar wind proton speeds, and present a case study of Carrington Rotation 2064 (December 2007) which includes minor ion (He, Fe, O) kinetic and Fe composition parameters in comparison with proton and magnetic field signatures at large-scale structures observed during this interval.

scholarly journals The retrieval of cloud microphysical properties using satellite measurements and an in situ database

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Poix ◽  
Guy Febvre ◽  
Anne Fouilloux ◽  
Howard Larsen ◽  
Jean-Francois Gayet
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
The North ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
Microphysical Parameters ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
The North Sea

Abstract. By combining AVHRR data from the NOAA satellites with information from a database of in situ measurements, large-scale maps can be generated of the microphysical parameters most immediately significant for the modelling of global circulation and climate. From the satellite data, the clouds can be classified into cumuliform, stratiform and cirrus classes and then into further sub-classes by cloud top temperature. At the same time a database of in situ measurements made by research aircraft is classified into the same sub-classes and a statistical analysis is used to derive relationships between the sub-classes and the cloud microphysical properties. These two analyses are then linked to give estimates of the microphysical properties of the satellite observed clouds. Examples are given of the application of this technique to derive maps of the probability of occurrence of precipitating clouds and of precipitating water content derived from a case study within the International Cirrus Experiment (ICE) held in 1989 over the North Sea.

scholarly journals Measurements of Boundary Layer Profiles with In Situ Sensors and Doppler Lidar

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1328-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod Frehlich ◽  
Yannick Meillier ◽  
Michael L. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Dissipation Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Doppler Lidar ◽  
Stratified Turbulence ◽  
In Situ Sensors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Turbulence Parameters

Abstract A new in situ measurement system and lidar processing algorithms were developed for improved measurements of boundary layer profiles. The first comparisons of simultaneous Doppler lidar–derived profiles of the key turbulence statistics of the two orthogonal horizontal velocity components (longitudinal and transverse) are presented. The instrument requirements for accurate observations of stably stratified turbulence were determined. A region of stably stratified low turbulence with constant gradients of temperature and velocity was observed above the nocturnal boundary layer using high-rate sensors. The important turbulence parameters were estimated, and turbulence spectra were consistent with new theoretical descriptions of stratified turbulence. The impact of removing the larger-scale velocity features in Doppler lidar estimates of turbulent velocity variance and length scales was investigated. The Doppler lidar–derived estimates of energy dissipation rate ε were found to be insensitive to spatial filtering of the large-scale atmospheric processes. The in situ and lidar-derived profiles were compared for the stable boundary layer in a suburban environment.

scholarly journals The influence of deep convection on HCHO and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in the upper troposphere over Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 11835-11848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Bozem ◽  
Andrea Pozzer ◽  
Hartwig Harder ◽  
Monica Martinez ◽  
Jonathan Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Cloud Droplets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Secondary Formation

Abstract. Deep convection is an efficient mechanism for vertical trace gas transport from Earth's surface to the upper troposphere (UT). The convective redistribution of short-lived trace gases emitted at the surface typically results in a C-shaped profile. This redistribution mechanism can impact photochemical processes, e.g. ozone and radical production in the UT on a large scale due to the generally longer lifetimes of species like formaldehyde (HCHO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which are important HOx precursors (HOx =  OH + HO2 radicals). Due to the solubility of HCHO and H2O2 their transport may be suppressed as they are efficiently removed by wet deposition. Here we present a case study of deep convection over Germany in the summer of 2007 within the framework of the HOOVER II project. Airborne in situ measurements within the in- and outflow regions of an isolated thunderstorm provide a unique data set to study the influence of deep convection on the transport efficiency of soluble and insoluble trace gases. Comparing the in- and outflow indicates an almost undiluted transport of insoluble trace gases from the boundary layer to the UT. The ratios of out : inflow of CO and CH4 are 0.94 ± 0.04 and 0.99 ± 0.01, respectively. For the soluble species HCHO and H2O2 these ratios are 0.55 ± 0.09 and 0.61 ± 0.08, respectively, indicating partial scavenging and washout. Chemical box model simulations show that post-convection secondary formation of HCHO and H2O2 cannot explain their enhancement in the UT. A plausible explanation, in particular for the enhancement of the highly soluble H2O2, is degassing from cloud droplets during freezing, which reduces the retention coefficient.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Faktor Klimatik Terhadap Kepadatan Nyamuk Anopheles farauti di Ekosistem Pantai dan Rawa Provinsi Papua

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Hanna S.I. Kawulur ◽  
Ivon Ayomi ◽  
Melda Suebu ◽  
Muhammad F. Rokhmad ◽  
Mardi R. Pardi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Factor ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Mosquito Density ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Anopheles Farauti ◽  
Human Landing

Infectious vectors are generally sensitive to environmental change, including climatic factor. Climate may affect the ability of vector in transmitting the disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of climatic factors on density of Anopheles farauti Laveran in coastal and marsh ecosystems. The mosquito was collected by using human landing collection method. The climatic data recorded during the research were air suhue, wind velocity and humidity, while the rainfall rate data was obtained from the Provincial office of Meteorology and Geophysics Agency Suhue of Papua Province. The result showed that Anopheles farauti was constantly found during the study period as air suhue, humidity, rainfall and wind velocity fluctuated. This result suggest that during the data collection climatic factors did not significantly affect the presence and density of Anopheles farauti. Key words: climatic factor; mosquito density; coastal; swamp; Anopheles farauti. 

scholarly journals The influence of deep convection on HCHO and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in the upper troposphere over Europe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Bozem ◽  
Andrea Pozzer ◽  
Hartwig Harder ◽  
Monica Martinez ◽  
Jonathan Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Cloud Droplets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Secondary Formation

Abstract. Deep convection is an efficient mechanism for vertical trace gas transport from the Earth's surface to the upper troposphere (UT). The convective redistribution of short-lived trace gases emitted at the surface typically results in a C-shaped profile. This redistribution mechanism can impact photochemical processes, e.g. ozone and radical production in the UT on a large scale due to the generally longer lifetimes of species like formaldehyde (HCHO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which are important HOx precursors (HOx = OH + HO2 radicals). Due to the solubility of HCHO and H2O2 their transport may be suppressed as they are efficiently removed by wet deposition. Here we present a case study of deep convection over Germany in the summer of 2007 within the framework of the HOOVER II project. Airborne in-situ measurements within the in- and outflow regions of an isolated thunderstorm provide a unique data set to study the influence of deep convection on the transport efficiency of soluble and insoluble trace gases. Comparing the in- and outflow indicates almost undiluted transport of insoluble trace gases from the boundary layer to the UT. The ratios of out/inflow of CO and CH4 are 0.94 ± 0.04 and 0.99 ± 0.01, respectively. For the soluble species HCHO and H2O2 these ratios are 0.55 ± 0.09 and 0.61 ± 0.08, respectively, indicating partial scavenging and washout. Chemical box model simulations show that post-convection secondary formation of HCHO and H2O2 cannot explain their enhancement in the UT. A plausible explanation, in particular for the enhancement of the highly soluble H2O2, is degassing from cloud droplets during freezing, which reduces the retention coefficient.

scholarly journals The Road Map to Classify the Potential Risk of Wind Erosion

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Hana Středová ◽  
Jana Podhrázská ◽  
Filip Chuchma ◽  
Tomáš Středa ◽  
Josef Kučera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Erodible Fraction ◽  
Relevant Factors

Environmental degradation, for example, by wind erosion, is a serious global problem. Despite the enormous research on this topic, complex methods considering all relevant factors remain unpublished. The main intent of our paper is to develop a methodological road map to identify key soil–climatic conditions that make soil vulnerable to wind and demonstrate the road map in a case study using a relevant data source. Potential wind erosion (PWE) results from soil erosivity and climate erosivity. Soil erosivity directly reflects the wind-erodible fraction and indirectly reflects the soil-crust factor, vegetation-cover factor and surface-roughness factor. The climatic erosivity directly reflects the drought in the surface layer, erosive wind occurrence and clay soil-specific winter regime, making these soils vulnerable to wind erosion. The novelty of our method lies in the following: (1) all relevant soil–climatic data of wind erosion are combined; (2) different soil types “sand” and “clay” are evaluated simultaneously with respect to the different mechanisms of wind erosion; and (3) a methodological road map enables its application for various conditions. Based on our method, it is possible to set threshold values that, when exceeded, trigger landscape adjustments, more detailed in situ measurements or indicate the need for specific management.

A Family With Autosomal-Dominant Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Halpin ◽  
Barbara Herrmann ◽  
Margaret Whearty
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Language Pathology

The family described in this article provides an unusual opportunity to relate findings from genetic, histological, electrophysiological, psychophysical, and rehabilitative investigation. Although the total number evaluated is large (49), the known, living affected population is smaller (14), and these are spread from age 20 to age 59. As a result, the findings described above are those of a large-scale case study. Clearly, more data will be available through longitudinal study of the individuals documented in the course of this investigation but, given the slow nature of the progression in this disease, such studies will be undertaken after an interval of several years. The general picture presented to the audiologist who must rehabilitate these cases is that of a progressive cochlear degeneration that affects only thresholds at first, and then rapidly diminishes speech intelligibility. The expected result is that, after normal language development, the patient may accept hearing aids well, encouraged by the support of the family. Performance and satisfaction with the hearing aids is good, until the onset of the speech intelligibility loss, at which time the patient will encounter serious difficulties and may reject hearing aids as unhelpful. As the histological and electrophysiological results indicate, however, the eighth nerve remains viable, especially in the younger affected members, and success with cochlear implantation may be expected. Audiologic counseling efforts are aided by the presence of role models and support from the other affected members of the family. Speech-language pathology services were not considered important by the members of this family since their speech production developed normally and has remained very good. Self-correction of speech was supported by hearing aids and cochlear implants (Case 5’s speech production was documented in Perkell, Lane, Svirsky, & Webster, 1992). These patients received genetic counseling and, due to the high penetrance of the disease, exhibited serious concerns regarding future generations and the hope of a cure.

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