scholarly journals Functionally Graded AISI 316L and AISI H13 Manufactured by L-DED for Die and Mould Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 771
Author(s):  
Marta Ostolaza ◽  
Jon Iñaki Arrizubieta ◽  
Aitzol Lamikiz ◽  
Magdalena Cortina
Keyword(s):  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Aisi 316L ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Buffer Material ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Aisi H13 ◽  
Compositional Gradients ◽  
Directed Energy

Tooling in the die and mould industry is subjected to high-wear and high-temperature environments, which often leads to the premature failure of this high-added-value tooling. When severe damage occurs, an alternative to replacing the whole component consists of the repair by laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED). For that end, intermediate layers are commonly employed as buffer material, where introducing a functionally graded material (FGM) might be beneficial to avoid material incompatibilities and improve the overall performance of the tooling. In the present work, an FGM composed of gradient AISI 316L to AISI H13 has been manufactured, and its microstructure and hardness analysed. Firstly, cracking owing to the formation of brittle intermediate phases has been detected. Secondly, an increase of the hardness and a decrease of the corrosion resistance has been observed when transitioning from AISI 316L to AISI H13. Thirdly, despite the FGM composition evolving linearly, nonlinear material properties such as hardness and corrosion have been observed, which are conditioned by the microstructure formed during the L‑DED process and the nonlinear influence of the composition of steel on such properties. Consequently, nonlinear compositional gradients are recommended if linear mechanical properties are to be obtained in the case of steel FGMs.

Predicting Speed of Crack Running in Functionally Graded Material

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihiko Nakagaki ◽  
Ryosuke Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Constitutive Law ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Fracture Parameter ◽  
Crack Speed ◽  
Equivalent Inclusion Method ◽  
Graded Material

A theoretical and computational methodology for the analysis of the functionally graded material (FGM) is introduced, and its application is made to the problem of a dynamically propagating crack running transversely in the FGM, where the intensity of the estimated crack-tip severity is managed to keep in valance with the graded material toughness in the FGM during the propagation. To detect the crack-tip severity, an integral fracture parameter, T*, is used. The crack is propagated so that the value of T* is equated to the prescribed varying critical values of T* for the graded material. Emphasis is placed on the use of a fuzzy inference technique in order to control the crack speed, which is deduced from a few T* values immediately preceding the current crack position. As to describing the constitutive law for the FGM, micro-spherical particles of arbitrary size in mesoscale are considered to be randomly dispersed in the matrix medium. By assuming that the volume fraction of the inclusion is continuously varied from 0 to 100 percent in the material, the grading is modeled. For modeling the constitutive law for the FGM composite media of thermo-elastoplasticity, a closed form SCC-LRM constitutive model describing the nonlinear material mechanics of the particle-dispersed medium is used. The model is based on the self-consistent scheme and uses Eshelby’s equivalent inclusion method. Unprecedented analytical results of predicting the crack speed of a crack running transversely in the FGM plate are obtained. In some cases of material grading, apparent crack arresting is observed as the crack runs into the metal rich area of the FGM.

Laser Metal Deposition Process

3D Printing ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 172-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheedat M. Mahamood
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Directed Energy

Laser metal deposition process belongs to the directed energy deposition class of additive manufacturing process that is capable of producing highly complex part directly from the three dimensional (3D) computer aided design file of the component by adding materials layer after layers. Laser metal deposition process is a very important additive manufacturing process and it is the only class of additive manufacturing process that can be used to repair valued component parts which were not repairable in the past. Also because this additive manufacturing process can handle multiple materials simultaneously, it is used to produce part with functionally graded material. Some of the features of the laser metal deposition process are described in this chapter. Some experimental studies on the laser metal deposition of Titanium alloy- composite are also presented.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 316L Produced by Directed Energy Deposition-Based Additive Manufacturing: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdollah Saboori ◽  
Alberta Aversa ◽  
Giulio Marchese ◽  
Sara Biamino ◽  
Mariangela Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Aisi 316L ◽  
Building Conditions ◽  
Directed Energy Deposition ◽  
Directed Energy

Directed energy deposition (DED) as a metal additive manufacturing technology can be used to produce or repair complex shape parts in a layer-wise process using powder or wire. Thanks to its advantages in the fabrication of net-shape and functionally graded components, DED could attract significant interest in the production of high-value parts for different engineering applications. Nevertheless, the industrialization of this technology remains challenging, mainly because of the lack of knowledge regarding the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of as-built parts, as well as the trustworthiness/durability of engineering parts produced by the DED process. Hence, this paper reviews the published data about the microstructure and mechanical performance of DED AISI 316L stainless steel. The data show that building conditions play key roles in the determination of the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the final components produced via DED. Moreover, this review article sheds light on the major advancements and challenges in the production of AISI 316L parts by the DED process. In addition, it is found that in spite of different investigations carried out on the optimization of process parameters, further research efforts into the production of AISI 316L components via DED technology is required.

Laser Metal Deposition Process

2016 ◽  
pp. 46-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheedat M. Mahamood
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Directed Energy

Laser metal deposition process belongs to the directed energy deposition class of additive manufacturing process that is capable of producing highly complex part directly from the three dimensional (3D) computer aided design file of the component by adding materials layer after layers. Laser metal deposition process is a very important additive manufacturing process and it is the only class of additive manufacturing process that can be used to repair valued component parts which were not repairable in the past. Also because this additive manufacturing process can handle multiple materials simultaneously, it is used to produce part with functionally graded material. Some of the features of the laser metal deposition process are described in this chapter. Some experimental studies on the laser metal deposition of Titanium alloy- composite are also presented.

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