scholarly journals Fructans with Varying Degree of Polymerization Enhance the Selective Growth of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in the Human Gut Microbiome In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Pieter Van den Abbeele ◽  
Cindy Duysburgh ◽  
Jonas Ghyselinck ◽  
Shellen Goltz ◽  
Yulia Berezhnaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Butyrate Production

Synbiotics aim to improve gastrointestinal health by combining pre- and probiotics. This study evaluated combinations of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 with seven fructans: oligofructoses (OF1-OF2; low degree of polymerization (DP)), inulins (IN1-IN2-IN3; high DP) and OF/IN mixtures (OF/IN1-OF/IN2). During monoculture incubations, all fructans were fermented by BB-12 as followed from increased BB-12 numbers and increased acetate and lactate concentrations, with most pronounced fermentation for low DP fructans (OF1-OF2). Further, short-term colonic incubations for three human donors revealed that also in presence of a complex microbiota, all fructans (particularly OF1) consistently selectively enhanced the growth of BB-12. While each fructan as such already increased Bifidobacteriaceae numbers with 0.94–1.26 log(cells/mL), BB-12 co-supplementation additionally increased Bifidobacteriaceae with 0.17–0.46 log(cells/mL). Further, when co-supplemented with fructans, BB-12 decreased Enterobacteriaceae numbers (significant except for IN1-IN3). At metabolic level, all fructans decreased pH due to increased acetate and lactate production, while OF/IN2-IN1-IN2-IN3 also stimulated propionate and butyrate production. BB-12 co-supplementation further increased propionate and butyrate for OF/IN2-IN3 and IN1-IN2, respectively. Overall, combinations of BB-12 with fructans are promising synbiotic concepts, likely due to intracellular consumption of low DP-fructans by BB-12 (either present in starting product or released upon fermentation by indigenous microbes), thereby enhancing effects of the co-administered fructan.

scholarly journals Short-term supplementation of celecoxib-shifted butyrate production on a simulated model of the gut microbial ecosystem and ameliorated in vitro inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Hernandez-Sanabria ◽  
Evelien Heiremans ◽  
Marta Calatayud Arroyo ◽  
Ruben Props ◽  
Laurent Leclercq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Simulated Model ◽  
Butyrate Production

scholarly journals Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii supplementation exert protective effects on human gut microbiome following antibiotic administration in vitro

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
C. Duysburgh ◽  
P. Van den Abbeele ◽  
M. Morera ◽  
M. Marzorati
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
The Impact

Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of the microbial community has been associated with several gastrointestinal symptoms. The impact of repeated administration of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (CNCM-I-4798) (formerly known as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG), Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (CNCM-I-1079) and their combination (associated in Smebiocta/Smectaflora Protect®) in supporting recovery of gut microbiota functionality and composition during and following amoxicillin:clavulanic acid administration was evaluated in vitro. Antibiotic dosage negatively affected SCFA production, coinciding with detrimental effects on Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Bifidobacterium spp. in the simulated proximal colon, while Akkermansia muciniphila was significantly reduced in the distal colon. L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii were able to thrive in both colon regions upon dosing, with S. boulardii even showing protective effects on the survival of L. rhamnosus GG during antibiotic administration. The impact of the probiotic strains on microbiome recovery revealed that supplementation with L. rhamnosus GG and/or S. boulardii resulted in a stimulating effect on the most abundant bacterial groups within the bacterial community of each donor. For one of the donors tested, co-dosing of L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii resulted in superior short-chain fatty acid recovery accompanied by a stronger increase in abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae. Overall, the current study provides first evidence that combined supplementation of L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii might be an interesting candidate in limiting detrimental effects of amoxicillin:clavulanic acid on the human gut microbiome, though further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Antioxidants maintain Butyrate production by Human GutClostridiain the presence of Oxygen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Million ◽  
Nicholas Armstrong ◽  
Saber Khelaifia ◽  
Elodie Guilhot ◽  
Magali Richez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Clostridium Sporogenes ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Clostridium Subterminale ◽  
Butyrate Production

ABSTRACTBackgroundOxygen diffused from the human gut mucosa and shape the microbiota with a radial gradient of microbes according to their oxygen tolerance, while microbial and chemical oxygen consumption maintains the lumen in a deeply anaerobic state. Uncontrolled oxidative stress and hyperoxygenation have been reported as a pathogenic mechanism inSalmonellaorCitrobacter rodentiuminfection, in patients with HIV and in severe acute malnutrition. We recently found that antioxidants allow strict anaerobes, including methanogenic archaea, to thrive in an oxidative environment (aerobic). Here, we tested the metabolomics switching of the 3 most odorous anaerobic microbes isolated from human gut when grown in aerobiosis with antioxidants.MethodsThree human gut Clostridia,Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium lituseburenseandClostridium subterminale, isolated by culturomics, were grown in anaerobiosis or in aerobiosis with antioxidants. Gaz and liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC/MS and LC/MS) were used for metabolomics analysis.ResultsAn unexpected global dichotomic metabolomic switching from thiols, alcohols and short-chain fatty acid esters to a specific aerobic metabolic repertoire with the production of alkanes, cycloheptatriene and, paradoxically, increased butyrate production, was observed. Analysis of polar metabolites confirmed the discovery of an unexplored aerobic metabolic repertoire, including the production of specific dipeptides and several lysophospholipids, thus unraveling unsuspected human gut microbiome capacities.ConclusionsAntioxidants unraveled an unexplored aerobic metabolic repertoire of human gutClostridia. The increased production of butyrate suggests that antioxidants contribute to the maintenance and the active resilience of the human gut microbiome against oxidative aggression, as duringSalmonellainfection.

scholarly journals Polysaccharide utilization loci in Bacteroides determine population fitness and community-level interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Feng ◽  
Yili Qian ◽  
Zhichao Zhou ◽  
Sarah Ertmer ◽  
Eugenio Vivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Mechanism Of Degradation ◽  
Colonization Ability ◽  
Butyrate Production ◽  
Polysaccharide Utilization Loci ◽  
Complex Glycan

Polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) in the human gut microbiome have critical roles in shaping human health and ecological dynamics. We develop a CRISPR-FnCpf1-RecT genome-editing tool to study 23 PULs in the highly abundant species B. uniformis (BU). We identify the glycan-degrading functions of multiple PULs and elucidate transcriptional coordination between PULs that enables the population to adapt to the loss of PULs. Exploiting a pooled BU mutant barcoding strategy, we demonstrate that the in vitro fitness and the colonization ability of BU in the murine gut is enhanced by deletion of specific PULs and modulated by glycan availability. We show that BU PULs can mediate complex glycan-dependent interactions with butyrate producers that depend on the mechanism of degradation and the butyrate producer glycan utilizing ability. In sum, PULs are major determinants of community dynamics and butyrate production and can provide a selective advantage or disadvantage depending on the nutritional landscape.

scholarly journals Effect of the Degree of Polymerization of Fructans on Ex Vivo Fermented Human Gut Microbiome

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erola Astó ◽  
Iago Méndez ◽  
Maria Rodríguez-Prado ◽  
Jordi Cuñé ◽  
Jordi Espadaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Acidification Activity ◽  
Other Regarding

Prebiotic supplements are used to promote gastrointestinal health by stimulating beneficial bacteria. The aim of this study was to compare the potential prebiotic effects of fructans with increasing degrees of polymerization, namely fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulins with a low and high polymerization degree (LPDI and HPDI, respectively), using an ex vivo fermentation system to simulate the colonic environment. The system was inoculated with pooled feces from three healthy donors with the same baseline enterotype. Changes in microbiota composition were measured by 16S metagenomic sequencing after 2, 7, and 14 days of fermentation, and acid production was measured throughout the experiment. Alpha-diversity decreased upon inoculation of the ex vivo fermentation under all treatments. Composition changed significantly across both treatments and time (ANOSIM p < 0.005 for both factors). HPDI and LPDI seemed to be similar to each other regarding composition and acidification activity, but different from the control and FOS. FOS differed from the control in terms of composition but not acidification. HDPI restored alpha-diversity on day 14 as compared to the control (Bonferroni p < 0.05). In conclusion, the prebiotic activity of fructans appears to depend on the degree of polymerization, with LPDI and especially HPDI having a greater effect than FOS.

scholarly journals An in vitro intestinal platform with a self-sustaining oxygen gradient to study the human gut/microbiome interface

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 015006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raehyun Kim ◽  
Peter J Attayek ◽  
Yuli Wang ◽  
Kathleen L Furtado ◽  
Rita Tamayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Oxygen Gradient ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome

scholarly journals Concentrated Raw Fibers Enhance the Fiber-Degrading Capacity of a Synthetic Human Gut Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Steimle ◽  
Mareike Neumann ◽  
Erica Grant ◽  
Jonathan D Turner ◽  
Mahesh S Desai
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase ◽  
Prebiotic Fibers

Consumption of prebiotic fibers to modulate the human gut microbiome is a promising strategy to positively impact health. Nevertheless, given the compositional complexity of the microbiome and its inter-individual variances, generalized recommendations on the source or amount of fiber supplements remain vague. This problem is further compounded by availability of tractable in vitro and in vivo models to validate certain fibers. We employed a gnotobiotic mouse model containing an a priori characterized 14-member synthetic human gut microbiome (SM) for their ability to metabolize a suit of fibers in vitro; the SM contains 14 different strains belonging to five distinct phyla. Since soluble purified fibers have been a common subject of studies, we specifically investigated the effects of concentrated raw fibers (CRFs)&mdash;containing fibers from pea, oat, psyllium, wheat and apple&mdash;on the compositional and functional alterations in the SM. We demonstrate that, compared to a fiber-free diet, CRF supplementation increased the abundance of fiber-degraders namely Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia intestinalis and Bacteroides ovatus and decreased the abundance of the mucin-degrader Akkermansia muciniphila. These results were corroborated by a general increase of bacterial fiber-degrading &alpha;-glucosidase enzyme activity. Overall, our results highlight the ability of CRFs to enhance the microbial fiber-degrading capacity.

scholarly journals In vitro fermentability of dextran, oligodextran and maltodextrin by human gut bacteria

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estibaliz Olano-Martin ◽  
Konstantinos C. Mountzouris ◽  
Glenn R. Gibson ◽  
Robert A. Rastall
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Cascade System ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
The University ◽  
Butyrate Production

Anaerobic batch culture fermenters were used for a preliminary screening of the in vitro utilization by human gut microflora of dextran and novel oligodextrans (I, II and III) produced in the University of Reading (UK). Glucose and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) were used as reference carbohydrates. As expected, FOS acted as a good prebiotic in that it selectively increased numbers of bifidobacteria in the early stages of the fermentation. Dextran and oligodextrans each resulted in an enrichment of bifidobacteria in the batch cultures, with high levels of persistence up to 48 h. They also produced elevated levels of butyrate ranging from 5 to 14·85 mmol/l. To more effectively simulate conditions that prevail in different regions of the large intestine, a three-stage continuous culture cascade system was used to study further the fermentation of dextran, a low-molecular-mass oligodextran (IV) and maltodextrin. Oligodextran IV was shown to be the best substrate for bifidobacteria and lactobacilli with steady-state populations of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli being higher in all three vessels of the gut model than the respective populations resulting from dextran and maltodextrin. A maximum difference of 1·9 log was observed in vessel 1 for both bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the case of dextran fermentation, while 1·4 log and 0·8 log in vessel 3 were the maximum differences for bifidobacteria and lactobacilli when maltodextrin was used as the carbohydrate source. Moreover, dextran and oligodextran appeared to stimulate butyrate production, with a maximum production up to 25·39 mmol/l in vessel 3 when fermenting dextran, followed by 21·70 mmol/l in the case of oligodextran IV and only 12·64 mmol/l in the case of maltodextrin.

scholarly journals Feeding Bugs to Bugs: Edible Insects Modify the Human Gut Microbiome in an in vitro Fermentation Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Young ◽  
Sai Krishna Arojju ◽  
Mark R. McNeill ◽  
Elizabeth Rettedal ◽  
Jessica Gathercole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fermentation Model

scholarly journals Concentrated Raw Fibers Enhance the Fiber-Degrading Capacity of a Synthetic Human Gut Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6855
Author(s):  
Alex Steimle ◽  
Mareike Neumann ◽  
Erica T. Grant ◽  
Jonathan D. Turner ◽  
Mahesh S. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
General Increase ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Prebiotic Fibers

The consumption of prebiotic fibers to modulate the human gut microbiome is a promising strategy to positively impact health. Nevertheless, given the compositional complexity of the microbiome and its inter-individual variances, generalized recommendations on the source or amount of fiber supplements remain vague. This problem is further compounded by availability of tractable in vitro and in vivo models to validate certain fibers. We employed a gnotobiotic mouse model containing a 14-member synthetic human gut microbiome (SM) in vivo, characterized a priori for their ability to metabolize a collection of fibers in vitro. This SM contains 14 different strains belonging to five distinct phyla. Since soluble purified fibers have been a common subject of studies, we specifically investigated the effects of dietary concentrated raw fibers (CRFs)—containing fibers from pea, oat, psyllium, wheat and apple—on the compositional and functional alterations in the SM. We demonstrate that, compared to a fiber-free diet, CRF supplementation increased the abundance of fiber-degraders, namely Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia intestinalis and Bacteroides ovatus and decreased the abundance of the mucin-degrader Akkermansia muciniphila. These results were corroborated by a general increase of bacterial fiber-degrading α-glucosidase enzyme activity. Overall, our results highlight the ability of CRFs to enhance the microbial fiber-degrading capacity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document