scholarly journals Fascial or Muscle Stretching? A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Carla Stecco ◽  
Carmelo Pirri ◽  
Caterina Fede ◽  
Can A. Yucesoy ◽  
Raffaele De Caro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Deep Fascia ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Myofascial Force Transmission ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Passive Stretching ◽  
Muscle Stretching ◽  
Major Target ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Stretching exercises are integral part of the rehabilitation and sport. Despite this, the mechanism behind its proposed effect remains ambiguous. It is assumed that flexibility increases, e.g., action on muscle and tendon, respectively, but this is not always present in the stretching protocol of the exercises used. Recently, the fasciae have increased popularity and seems that they can have a role to define the flexibility and the perception of the limitation of the maximal range of motion (ROM). Deep fascia is also considered a key element to transmit load in parallel bypassing the joints, transmitting around 30% of the force generated during a muscular contraction. So, it seems impossible dividing the action of the muscles from the fasciae, but they have to be considered as a “myofascial unit”. The purpose of this manuscript is to evaluate the mechanical behavior of muscles, tendons, and fasciae to better understand how they can interact during passive stretching. Stress-strain values of muscle, tendon and fascia demonstrate that during passive stretching, the fascia is the first tissue that limit the elongation, suggesting that fascial tissue is probably the major target of static stretching. A better understanding of myofascial force transmission, and the study of the biomechanical behavior of fasciae, with also the thixotropic effect, can help to design a correct plan of stretching.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FOAM ROLLER AND STATIC STRETCHING ON BIOMECHANICAL PARAMETERS OF MUSCLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Uģis Ciematnieks ◽  
Evita Tomanoviča
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Hamstring Muscle ◽  
Myofascial Release ◽  
Muscle Stretching ◽  
Study Find ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Parameters Measurement ◽  
Stretching Exercises

After training, it is needed to perform flexibility exercises for muscle stretching, but many choose to use the foam roller. With a foam roller, you can both exercise and perform a myofascial release that affects the deep tissues of extremities. Myofascial release improves blood circulation in muscle, develops elasticity, flexibility and minimizes the risk of an unwanted injury (Myers & Frederick, 2012). Many studies are being carried out to determine the effects of the various types of stretching on balance, speed and reaction (Apostolopoulos, Metisos, Flouris & Koutedakis, 2015). Training programs are designed so that after applying different workloads at the end there is cool-down through stretching exercises, but these training plans rarely recommends foam rollers as stretching means, even though they are popular every day. Aim of study: Find out the most effective method for reducing muscle tension in lower extremities. The study identifies changes in the biomechanical parameters of the hamstring muscle group after general stretching exercises and foam roller, after GRIP fitness concept class, using the Myoton PRO biomechanical parameters measurement. The study do not show any significant differences that may be in favour of one or the other method. Literature sources indicate that foam rollers exercises helps to relieve and restore the strained muscles more quickly, increases flexibility (Barrett, 2017). Our study did not confirm any of such findings. Foam roller exercises for myophascial release is as effective as static stretching exercises. 

scholarly journals Acute effect of different stretching methods in classical dancer children

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Renata Nascimento ◽  
Mariana Desiree ◽  
Estevão Rios Monteiro ◽  
Aline Ribeiro ◽  
Natália Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Effect ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Posterior Thigh ◽  
Passive Stretching ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Stretching Exercises

 Introduction: Dancers use to do stretching exercises to increase flexibility in the preparation and completion of training and activities. The purpose of the present study was to compare two methods of passive stretching of hip flexion in classical dancer children. Methods: Twenty-one female’s children were recruited for the study, and each participant visited the laboratory on two occasions during three-days at least twenty-four hours between visits. A randomized within-subject design used to investigate the effects of three conditions: control (CG), static stretching (SS), and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) applied to the posterior thigh, unilaterally, on passive hip flexion (HF) with 60-seconds. Results: There were no statistical differences for CG (F = 0.716; p = 0.552), SS (F = 0.536; p = 0.662) and PNF (F = 1.713; p = 0.191). Conclusion: The results found in the present study indicate that different stretching methods can promote increases in HF and PROM without difference between methods.Keywords: flexibility, dancing, youngster.

Does epimuscular myofascial force transmission occur between the human quadriceps muscles in vivo during passive stretching?

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro R. Freitas ◽  
André Antunes ◽  
Pierre Salmon ◽  
Bruno Mendes ◽  
Telmo Firmino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Force Transmission ◽  
Myofascial Force Transmission ◽  
Passive Stretching

scholarly journals A Survey on Stretching Practices in Women and Men from Various Sports or Physical Activity Programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3928
Author(s):  
Nicolas Babault ◽  
Gaelyann Rodot ◽  
Marrain Champelovier ◽  
Carole Cometti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Exercise Routine ◽  
General Practices ◽  
Physical Activity Programs ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Recommendations for prescribing stretching exercises are regularly updated. It appears that coaches progressively follow the published guidelines, but the real stretching practices of athletes are unknown. The present study aimed to investigate stretching practices in individuals from various sports or physical activity programs. A survey was completed online to determine some general aspects of stretching practices. The survey consisted of 32 multiple-choice or open-ended questions to illustrate the general practices of stretching, experiences and reasons for stretching. In total, 3546 questionnaires were analyzed (47.3% women and 52.7% men). Respondents practiced at the national/international level (25.2%), regional level (29.8%), or recreationally (44.9%). Most respondents (89.3%) used stretching for recovery (74.9%) or gains of flexibility (57.2%). Stretching was generally performed after training (72.4%). The respondents also indicated they performed stretching as a pre-exercise routine (for warm-up: 49.9%). Static stretching was primarily used (88.2%) but when applied for warm-up reasons, respondents mostly indicated performing dynamic stretching (86.2%). Only 37.1% of the respondents indicated being supervised. Finally, some gender and practice level differences were noticed. The present survey revealed that the stretching practices were only partly in agreement with recent evidence-based recommendations. The present survey also pointed out the need to improve the supervision of stretching exercises.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of Dynamic and Static Stretching on Tennis Serve Targeting Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Bulent Turna ◽  
Asuman Sahan ◽  
Bahar Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Homogeneous Data ◽  
Stretching Exercises

The study investigates the acute effects of dynamic and static stretching on the tennis serve targeting performance of amateur tennis players. Twenty male athletes who were between the ages of 16-24 years and played tennis for at least 1 year (21.40±2.16 years, 181±0.06 cm, 71.85±7.42 kg, tennis playing time 1.55±0.88 years) voluntarily participated in the study.Prior to the pre-tests and after applying the traditional warm-up protocol, serve targeting test (STT) was applied to all participants. In the post-tests, STT was used after applying three different warm-up methods on three different days (48-hour rest interval). The warm-up stages included No Treatment (NT) (jogging, rally), Static Stretching (SS) and Dynamic Stretching (DS).In the statistical analysis, the homogeneity of the data was investigated using the Shapiro Wilk test. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test results of the non-homogeneous data; Friedman test was used to compare the three different stretching methods with each other; in the paired comparisons of the groups, the paired samples t-test was used for the homogenous data and Wilcoxon test was used for the non-homogeneous data. In conclusion, stretching exercises before serving increased the serve targeting performance and the increase in the dynamic stretching exercises was higher than that in static stretching exercises.

Static and Dynamic Acute Stretching Effect on Gymnasts’ Speed in Vaulting

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theophanis Siatras ◽  
Georgios Papadopoulos ◽  
Dimitra Mameletzi ◽  
Vasilios Gerodimos ◽  
Spiros Kellis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Stretching Effect ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Although warm-up and stretching exercises are routinely performed by gymnasts, it is suggested that stretching immediately prior to an activity might affect negatively the athletic performance. The focus of this investigation was on the acute effect of a protocol, including warm-up and static and dynamic stretching exercises, on speed during vaulting in gymnastics. Eleven boys were asked to perform three different protocols consisting of warm-up, warm-up and static stretching and warm-up and dynamic stretching, on three nonconsecutive days. Each protocol was followed by a “handspring” vault. One-way analysis of variance for repeated-measures showed a significant difference in gymnasts’ speed, following the different protocols. Tukey’s post hoc analysis revealed that gymnasts mean speed during the run of vault was significantly decreased after the application of the static stretching protocol. The findings of the present study indicate the inhibitory role of an acute static stretching in running speed in young gymnasts.

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