scholarly journals Characteristic of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens Isolated from Weeds of Wheat Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Butsenko ◽  
Lidiia Pasichnyk ◽  
Yuliia Kolomiiets ◽  
Antonina Kalinichenko ◽  
Dariusz Suszanowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Basal Glume ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Random Amplification ◽  
Wide Range

The aim of this study was the identification of the causative agent of the basal glume rot of wheat Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens from the affected weeds in wheat crops, and determination of its virulent properties. Isolation of P. syringae pv. atrofaciens from weeds of wheat crops was carried out by classical microbiological methods. To identify isolated bacteria, their morphological, cultural, biochemical, and serological properties as well as fatty acids and Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) profiles with the OPA-13 primer were studied. Pathogenic properties were investigated by artificial inoculation of wheat plants and weed plants, from which bacteria were isolated. For the first time, bacteria that are virulent both for weeds and wheat were isolated from weeds growing in wheat crops. It was shown that the fatty acids profiles of the bacteria isolated from the weeds contained typical for P. syringae pv. atrofaciens fatty acids, in particular, hydroxy acids: 3-hydroxydecanoic, 2-hydroxydodecanoic, and 3-hydroxydodecanoic. RAPD-PCR profiles of the newly isolated strains were identical to those of the collection strains P. syringae pv. atrofaciens UCM B-1011 and P. syringae pv. atrofaciens UCM B-1014 and contained a dominant fragment of 700 bp. The isolated strains, according to their phenotypic and genotypic properties, were identified as P. syringae pv. atrofaciens. It was established that the causative agent of basal glume rot of wheat P. syringae pv. atrofaciens is polyphagous and capable of infecting a wide range of plants. The main control measure for cereals diseases caused by P. syringae pv. Atrofaciens—crop rotations with nonhost species, should be revised, and alternative control methods must be proposed.

scholarly journals Characterization of Clinical MRSA Isolates from Northern Spain and Assessment of Their Susceptibility to Phage-Derived Antimicrobials

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Marina Salas ◽  
Maciej Wernecki ◽  
Lucía Fernández ◽  
Beatriz Iglesias ◽  
Diana Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Rapd Profile ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Spanish Hospital ◽  
Random Amplification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Phage Sensitivity

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a prevalent nosocomial pathogen, causing a wide range of diseases. The increased frequency of MRSA isolates in hospitals and the emergence of vancomycin resistance have sparked the search for new control strategies. This study aimed to characterize sixty-seven MRSA isolates collected from both infected patients and asymptomatic carriers in a Spanish hospital. RAPD-PCR allowed the identification of six genetic patterns. We also investigated the presence of genes involved in producing adhesins, toxins and the capsule; the biofilm; and antimicrobial resistance. A notable percentage of the isolates carried virulence genes and showed medium-high ability to form biofilms. Next, we assessed the strains’ susceptibility to two phages (phiIPLA-C1C and phiIPLA-RODI) and one endolysin (LysRODI). All strains were resistant to phiIPLA-C1C, and most (70.2%) were susceptible to phiIPLA-RODI. Regarding LysRODI, all strains displayed susceptibility, although to varying degrees. There was a correlation between endolysin susceptibility and the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profile or the presence of some virulence genes (fnbA, eta, etb, PVL and czr), but that was not observed with biofilm-forming ability, strain origin or phage sensitivity. Taken together, these findings can help to explain the factors influencing endolysin effectiveness, which will contribute to the development of efficient therapies targeting MRSA infections.

An Outbreak of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in an Iranian Referral Hospital: Epidemiology and Molecular Typing

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Mahmoudi ◽  
Babak Pourakbari ◽  
Aliakbar Rahbarimanesh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Abdosalehi ◽  
Keyghobad Ghadiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Hospital Epidemiology ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Random Amplification

Introduction: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of nosocomial infections; however, there is limited information in Iran regarding nosocomial outbreaks due to extended-spectrum β–lactamase (ESBL) producing K pneumoniae strains, particularly using molecular methods. The present study focused on the molecular mechanism of ESBL resistance and genetic relatedness in K. pneumoniae isolates causing nosocomial infections in an Iranian referral hospital. Material and Methods: This study evaluated the antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of K. pneumoniae causing nosocomial infections in children between October 2013 and March 2014. The ESBL detection was carried out for all the isolates by the CLSI method and PCR was carried out for the detection of the blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M genes among ESBL-producing K. pneumonia. Molecular typing of the K. pneumoniae was performed using random amplification of polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). Results: A total of 30 isolates of K. pneumoniae were used for epidemiological analysis. High rates of resistance to cefotaxime (n=29, 97%), cefazolin (n=29, 97%), cefepime (n=25, 83%) and gentamicin (n=23, 77%) were observed. A total of 29 strains (97%) produced ESBLs. The frequency of blaSHV, blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes among these isolates was 83% (n=25), 70% (n=21) and 57% (n=17), respectively. Surprisingly 11 isolated (37%) carried blaSHV, blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes simultaneously. Moreover, the concurrent presence of “blaSHV and blaCTX-M” and “blaSHV and blaTEM” was seen in 8 (27%) and 4 (13%) isolates, respectively. RAPDPCR analyses revealed that K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to 2 RAPD-PCR types among which one cluster counted for 28 isolates. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first published report of a nosocomial outbreak of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in children in Iran. Although the epidemiology of nosocomial infections with ESBL-producing organisms has not yet been explored in depth in Iran, our findings suggest that ESBL-producing organisms are already an established public health threat in our country.

scholarly journals 322. Evaluation of the BioFire® Bone and Joint Infection (BJI) Panel for the Detection of Microorganisms and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Synovial Fluid Specimens

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S233-S234
Author(s):  
Corrin Graue ◽  
Bryan H Schmitt ◽  
Amy Waggoner ◽  
Frederic Laurent ◽  
Lelia Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Bone And Joint Infection ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Bone and Joint Infections (BJIs) present with non-specific symptoms that may include pain, swelling, and fever and are associated with high morbidity and significant risk of mortality. BJIs can be caused by a variety of bacteria and fungi, including anaerobes and microorganisms that can be challenging to culture or identify by traditional microbiological methods. Clinicians primarily rely on culture to identify the pathogen(s) responsible for infection. The BioFire® Bone and Joint Infection (BJI) Panel (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, UT) is designed to detect 15 gram-positive bacteria (including seven anaerobes), 14 gram-negative bacteria (including one anaerobe), two yeast, and eight antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes from synovial fluid specimens in about an hour. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of an Investigational Use Only (IUO) version of the BioFire BJI Panel compared to various reference methods. Methods Remnant synovial fluid specimens, which were collected for routine clinical care at 13 study sites in the US and Europe, underwent testing using an IUO version of the BioFire BJI Panel. Performance of this test was determined by comparison to Standard of Care (SoC) consisting of bacterial culture performed at each study site according to their routine procedures. Results A total of 1544 synovial fluid specimens were collected and tested with the BioFire BJI Panel. The majority of specimens were from knee joints (77.9%) and arthrocentesis (79.4%) was the most common collection method. Compared to SoC culture, overall sensitivity was 90.2% and specificity was 99.8%. The BioFire BJI Panel yielded a total of 268 Detected results, whereas SoC yielded a total of 215 positive results for on-panel analytes. Conclusion The BioFire BJI Panel is a sensitive, specific, and robust test for rapid detection of a wide range of analytes in synovial fluid specimens. The number of microorganisms and resistance genes included in the BioFire BJI Panel, together with a reduced time-to-result and increased diagnostic yield compared to culture, is expected to aid in the timely diagnosis and appropriate management of BJIs. Disclosures Benjamin von Bredow, PhD, BioFire (Grant/Research Support) Jennifer Dien Bard, PhD, BioFire Diagnostic (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator) Bart Kensinger, PhD, BioFire Diagnostics (Employee) Benedicte Pons, PhD, bioMerieux SA (Employee) Corinne Jay, PhD, bioMerieux SA (Employee)

scholarly journals Optimization Model of Phenolics Encapsulation Conditions for Biofortification in Fatty Acids of Animal Food Products

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Roberta Tolve ◽  
Fernanda Galgano ◽  
Nicola Condelli ◽  
Nazarena Cela ◽  
Luigi Lucini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Wide Range

The nutritional quality of animal products is strongly related to their fatty acid content and composition. Nowadays, attention is paid to the possibility of producing healthier foods of animal origin by intervening in animal feed. In this field, the use of condensed tannins as dietary supplements in animal nutrition is becoming popular due to their wide range of biological effects related, among others, to their ability to modulate the rumen biohydrogenation and biofortify, through the improvement of the fatty acids profile, the derivate food products. Unfortunately, tannins are characterized by strong astringency and low bioavailability. These disadvantages could be overcome through the microencapsulation in protective matrices. With this in mind, the optimal conditions for microencapsulation of a polyphenolic extract rich in condensed tannins by spray drying using a blend of maltodextrin (MD) and gum Arabic (GA) as shell material were investigated. For this purpose, after the extract characterization, through spectrophotometer assays and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (UHPLC-QTOF) mass spectrometry, a central composite design (CCD) was employed to investigate the combined effects of core:shell and MD:GA ratio on the microencapsulation process. The results obtained were used to develop second-order polynomial regression models on different responses, namely encapsulation yield, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and tannin content. The formulation characterized by a core:shell ratio of 1.5:5 and MD:GA ratio of 4:6 was selected as the optimized one with a loading capacity of 17.67%, encapsulation efficiency of 76.58%, encapsulation yield of 35.69%, and tannin concentration of 14.46 g/100 g. Moreover, in vitro release under varying pH of the optimized formulation was carried out with results that could improve the use of microencapsulated condensed tannins in animal nutrition for the biofortification of derivates.

scholarly journals A Review of the Studies and Interactions ofPseudomonas syringaePathovars on Wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto J. Valencia-Botín ◽  
María E. Cisneros-López
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Genomic Evolution ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Spray Inoculation ◽  
Source Sink

Wheat is affected by some pathovars ofPseudomonas syringaeand by otherPseudomonasspecies. Of these,P. syringaepv.syringaeis the major one responsible for reduction. Recent studies have been made to characterize and identify the pathogen and to determine its aggressiveness and the pattern of colonization in seed and its effects on seed yield, yield components, and source-sink relationships during postanthesis. It was found that the reduction in the aerial biomass production is the best way to evaluate the aggressiveness of this bacterium, and the spray inoculation is good tool to make evaluations at seedling stage. The characterization of bacteria fingerprintings with molecular markers such as RAPD-PCR, ERIC, and REP-PCR is available. Genomic evolution has been elucidated with next-generation genome sequencing. Also, the colonization pattern shows that, early on, microcolonies are frequently detected in the aleurone layer, later in the endosperm and finally close to the crease and even in some cells of the embryo itself. In the wheat cultivars Seri M82 and Rebeca F2000 seed yield and its components are negatively affected. In general,P. syringaepv.syringaereduces the plant height, seed yield, and yield components, as well as the growth of most organs. When this bacterium attacks, the stems are the predominant sink organs and the leaf laminae and panicles are the predominant source organs.

scholarly journals Novel High-Throughput Detection Method To Assess Bacterial Surfactant Production

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (16) ◽  
pp. 5363-5372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Y. Burch ◽  
Briana K. Shimada ◽  
Patrick J. Browne ◽  
Steven E. Lindow
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Swarming Motility ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surfactant Production ◽  
Transposon Mutants ◽  
High Throughput Detection

ABSTRACT A novel biosurfactant detection assay was developed for the observation of surfactants on agar plates. By using an airbrush to apply a fine mist of oil droplets, surfactants can be observed instantaneously as halos around biosurfactant-producing colonies. This atomized oil assay can detect a wide range of different synthetic and bacterially produced surfactants. This method could detect much lower concentrations of many surfactants than a commonly used water drop collapse method. It is semiquantitative and therefore has broad applicability for uses such as high-throughput mutagenesis screens of biosurfactant-producing bacterial strains. The atomized oil assay was used to screen for mutants of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a that were altered in the production of biosurfactants. Transposon mutants displaying significantly altered surfactant halos were identified and further analyzed. All mutants identified displayed altered swarming motility, as would be expected of surfactant mutants. Additionally, measurements of the transcription of the syringafactin biosynthetic cluster in the mutants, the principal biosurfactant known to be produced by B728a, revealed novel regulators of this pathway.

scholarly journals Comparison between Online and Offline Price of Tobacco Products Using Novel Datasets

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Opazo Breton ◽  
John Britton ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Ilze Bogdanovica
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Product Range ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Commercial Sources ◽  
Price Differences

Price of tobacco products has traditionally been relevant both for the industry, to respond to policy changes, and for governments, as an effective tobacco control measure. However, monitoring prices across a wide range of brands and brand variants requires access to expensive commercial sales databases. This study aims to investigate the comparability of average tobacco prices from two commercial sources and an in-house monitoring database which provides daily data in real time at minimal cost. We used descriptive and regression analysis to compare the monthly average numbers of brands, brand variants, products and prices of cigarettes and hand-rolling tobacco using commercial data from Nielsen Scantrack and Kantar Worldpanel, and an online price database (OPD) created in Nottingham, for the period from May 2013 to February 2017. There were marked differences in the number of products tracked in the three data sources. Nielsen was the most comprehensive and Kantar Worldpanel the least. Though average prices were very similar between the three datasets, Nottingham OPD prices were the highest and Kantar Worldpanel the lowest. However, regression analysis demonstrated that after adjustment for differences in product range, price differences between the datasets were very small. After allowing for differences in product range these data sources offer representative prices for application in price research. Online price tracking offers an inexpensive and near real-time alternative to the commercial datasets.

scholarly journals Whole Wheat Crackers Fortified with Mixed Shrimp Oil and Tea Seed Oil Microcapsules Prepared from Mung Bean Protein Isolate and Sodium Alginate

Foods ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Saqib Gulzar ◽  
Krisana Nilsuwan ◽  
Navaneethan Raju ◽  
Soottawat Benjakul
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Tea Seed Oil ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shrimp Oil ◽  
Bean Protein

Shrimp oil (SO) rich in n-3 fatty acids and astaxanthin, mixed with antioxidant-rich tea seed oil (TSO), was microencapsulated using mung bean protein isolate and sodium alginate and fortified into whole wheat crackers. SO and TSO mixed in equal proportions were emulsified in a solution containing mung bean protein isolate (MBPI) and sodium alginate (SA) at varied ratios. The emulsions were spray-dried to entrap SO-TSO in MBPI-SA microcapsules. MBPI-SA microcapsules loaded with SO-TSO showed low to moderately high encapsulation efficiencies (EE) of 32.26–72.09% and had a fair flowability index. Two selected microcapsules with high EE possessed the particle sizes of 1.592 and 1.796 µm with moderate PDI of 0.372 and 0.403, respectively. Zeta potential values were −54.81 mV and −53.41 mV. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images indicated that microcapsules were spherical in shape with some shrinkage on the surface and aggregation took place to some extent. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of samples empirically validated the presence of SO-TSO in the microcapsules. Encapsulated SO-TSO showed superior oxidative stability and retention of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to unencapsulated counterparts during storage of 6 weeks. When SO-TSO microcapsules were fortified in whole wheat crackers at varying levels (0–10%), the crackers showed sensorial acceptability with no perceivable fishy odor. Thus, microencapsulation of SO-TSO using MBPI-SA as wall materials could be used as an alternative carrier system, in which microcapsules loaded with PUFAs could be fortified in a wide range of foods.

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVES OF BREEDING OF VEGETABLE CROPS OF FABACEAE FAMILY TO BEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS (Potyvirus, Potyviridae) RESISTANCE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MOSCOW REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
I. A. Engalycheva ◽  
E. G. Kozar ◽  
A. A. Antoshkin ◽  
E. P. Pronina ◽  
Y. G. Volkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Far East ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wide Range

In the context of climate change phytomonitoring of the prevalence of the most common viral pathogens on the crops becomes even more important, because during the last decades the harmfulness of those pathogens, in particular Bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) has grown in intensity. The causative agent as the most members of Рotyvirus genus, has a wide range of host plants belonging to various families including Fabaceae. In Russia the virus was for the first time identified in the south of the Far East, where in the middle of XX century the massive damage of clove, lupine, sweet pea, pea, bean and Russian bean was observed. The distribution area of BYMV considerably expanded after advancement of heat-loving leguminous crops towards north. During the last years epiphytotics were reported in the planted crops of kidney bean (Phasйolus vulgбris L.), and Russian bean (Faba bona Medik. var. major Harz.) under conditions of temperate continental climate of nonchernozem belt in the RF. It is not feasible to eradicate natural BYMV foci, while the control of the causative agent carriers as a preventive measure is not very effective. There fore at present the search for the sources of resistance to BYMV and creation of parent selection material is a priority area of our phytopatologic research. At the present stage the tasks included: identification and study of the properties of BYMV Moscow isolates; integral assessment of resistance and other economically valuable characteristics of collection material and breeding stock material of kidney bean (810 specimens) and Russian bean (40 specimens) generated in the Laboratory of Legume Selection and Seed Production, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center”. To achieve the goal visual, serological diagnostic methods were used together with biotesting and electron microscopy. The research revealed special physical-chemical characteristics of BYMV Moscow isolates characterized by 100% harmfulness when occurred as co-infection with the other viruses. The main symptoms caused by the above isolates in indicator plants and host plants under conditions of Moscow Region have been described. Evaluation of collection and selection materials of kidney bean and Russian bean formed the basis for identification of the sources of resistance to BYMV exhibiting integrated economically valuable properties (early ripeness, bean shape and color, productivity, etc.). These specimens have been included into selection program of the Federal Research Vegetable Center which is aimed on creation of high-productive varieties of the kidney bean meeting the modern market demands.

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