scholarly journals Reference Data by Player Position for an Ice Hockey-Specific Complex Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Stephan Schulze ◽  
Kevin G. Laudner ◽  
Karl-Stefan Delank ◽  
Richard Brill ◽  
René Schwesig
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Specific Complex ◽  
Complex Test ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Player Performance

The aim of this study was to investigate position-specific (forwards, defenders) reference data for a scientifically evaluated (validity, reliability) ice hockey-specific complex test (IHCT). One hundred and four 3rd league professional ice hockey field players (mean ± standard deviations (SD); age: 26.4 ± 5.62 years) volunteered for the investigation. Players were categorized as forwards (n = 64) and defenders (n = 40). Data from the IHCT were collected over six seasons from three 3rd league teams. The IHCT included parameters for load (e.g., 10 m and 30 m skate times, transition and weave agility times with and without a puck, slap and wrist shots on goal) and stress (e.g., lactate, heart rate). The only significant (p < 0.002) difference between forwards and defenders for performance were found for weave agility with puck (p < 0.001). Forwards showed a higher average performance in this parameter than defenders. Differences were also found in weave agility without a puck (p = 0.008), 30 m backward sprinting without puck (p = 0.012) and goals after test (p = 0.030). This study provides position-specific reference data for a valid and reliable ice hockey-specific complex test for the 3rd league. These results may be used by coaches to judge player performance based on position (forwards vs. defenders). Moreover, coaches may use these data to evaluate the effectiveness of the most recent training period. Further research should extend this database to 1st and 2nd league players in order to enhance the scope of the test.

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Recordings in Children and Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Harshfield ◽  
Bruce S. Alpert ◽  
Derrick A. Pulliam ◽  
Grant W. Somes ◽  
Dawn K. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Black And White

Objective. To provide reference data for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and to determine the influence of age, sex, and race on these values. Methods. ABPM was performed on 300 healthy, normotensive boys and girls between the ages of 10 and 18 years, including 160 boys and 140 girls, of whom 149 were white and 151 were black. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) while awake and during sleep were calculated for black and white boys and girls aged 10 to 12 years, 13 to 15 years, and 16 to 18 years. Results. Boys compared with girls 10 to 12 years of age had higher mean (±SD) SBP (115 ± 9 vs 112 ± 9 mm Hg; P &lt; .01) and DBP (67 ± 7 vs 65 ± 5 mm Hg; P &lt; .01) while awake. Boys compared to girls 13 to 15 years of age had higher SBP while awake (116 ± 11 vs 112 ± 8 mm Hg; P &lt; .01). Boys compared with girls 16 to 18 years of age had higher SBP while awake (125 ± 12 vs 111 ± 9 mm Hg; P &lt; .01) and during sleep (116 ± 11 vs 106 ± 9 mm Hg). Comparisons within sex showed similar changes with age for boys and girls. Blacks compared with whites 13 to 15 years of age had higher SBP during sleep (109 ± 11 vs 105 ± 10 mm Hg; P &lt; .01), and blacks compared with whites 16 to 18 years of age had higher DBP during sleep (66 ± 7 vs 58 ± 6 mm Hg; P &lt; .01). Comparisons across age groups within race showed that blacks 16 to 18 years of age had higher SBP during sleep than blacks 10 to 12 years of age (109 ± 11 vs 104 ± 10 mm Hg), and higher DBP during sleep (66 ± 7 mm Hg; P &lt; .01) than blacks 10 to 12 years of age (61 ± 7 mm Hg; P &lt; .01) and 13 to 15 years of age (61 ± 8; P &lt; .01 mm Hg). The changes with age were not significant for white subjects. Conclusion. These results provide age-specific reference data for ABPM in youths. These values differ by sex (boys more than girls) and race (Blacks more than Whites).

scholarly journals Responsiveness and Relationships of Shooting Performance to On-Ice Physical Performance Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10218
Author(s):  
Eduard Kurz ◽  
Stephan Schulze ◽  
Matti Panian ◽  
Richard Brill ◽  
Karl-Stefan Delank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Heart Rate Reserve ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Specific Complex ◽  
Complex Test

The aim of this investigation was to quantify the acute effects of the execution of the physical performance tests within the ice hockey-specific complex test (IHCT) on shooting performance. Thirty-four professional male ice hockey players with an average of 6.9 years of playing experience were recruited. The slap shot (SS) was found to accelerate the puck with a higher speed and greater precision. After the IHCT, the maximum puck speed of successful goal shots decreased considerably (p < 0.001, d > 1.5). The puck speed percentage decrement after the IHCT did not differ between the SS (6.1, SD = 4.4, −5.5–17.9) and the wrist shot (WS, 6.0, SD = 3.5, −0.9–12.2, p = 0.86, d = 0.03). The magnitude of puck speed reduction in the WS was inversely related to the functional heart rate reserve (r = −0.44, p = 0.02) and the blood lactate elimination rate (r = −0.43, p < 0.02). The linear and COD speed tests on-ice resulted in a higher amount of successful goal shots. These findings highlight the interaction of intense on-ice testing and goal-shooting performance.

scholarly journals Relationship between Ice Hockey-Specific Complex Test (IHCT) and Match Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3080
Author(s):  
René Schwesig ◽  
Kevin G. Laudner ◽  
Karl-Stefan Delank ◽  
Richard Brill ◽  
Stephan Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Performance Score ◽  
Hockey Player ◽  
Specific Complex ◽  
Complex Test ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
The Individual

This prospective study aimed to validate the IHCT using a match performance score (MPS). Seventeen 3rd league male professional ice hockey field players (mean ± SD; age: 28.0 ± 6.95 years; 10 forwards, 7 defenders) completed the IHCT and were observed in the subsequent competitive match period. Match performance data were collected over 2 months (number of matches: 13-15). Based on these evaluated matches, the MPS consisting of goals, assists, penalty time, plus-minus, and number of matches was calculated for each player. The IHCT contains load parameters (e.g., 10 m and 30 m skate times, transition/weave agility times with and without a puck, slap and wrist shot puck velocities on goal) and stress parameters (e.g., lactate, heart rate). The 30 m sprint skate without puck (r2 = 0.41) and the maximum wrist shot velocity before test (r2 = 0.36) were the test performance parameters with the highest relevance for match performance. The velocity of shots on goal (SOG) displayed the highest correlation for any on-ice performance parameter (30 m sprint without puck: r = 0.76). These results provide evidence of the validity of the IHCT and the usefulness of the MPS to quantify match performance. Obviously, sprint and shot velocities are important parameters to be a successful ice hockey player. Based on these findings, IHCT and MPS are valuable assessments for coaches to evaluate the individual match performance and the effectiveness of training programs. Further research is needed to extend the scope of the IHCT and MPS for 1st and 2nd league players and for a stronger differentiation between forwards and defenders.

Reliability of an ice hockey-specific complex test

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (03) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Schwesig ◽  
Andreas Lauenroth ◽  
Stephan Schulze ◽  
Kevin Laudner ◽  
Thomas Bartels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Specific Complex ◽  
Complex Test ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
Stress Parameters

Abstract Background This study assessed the intra-rater reliability of an ice hockey-specific complex test (IHCT) that reflects the intense multidirectional and intermittent efforts required in ice hockey. Methods Twenty professional players executed the IHCT twice over an interval of 2 days. Load parameters included a 10-m sprint, a 30-m transition with and without a puck, as well as slap and wrist shots. Stress parameters were lactate concentrations and heart rates. Results The intrarater reliability (ICC) ranged from 0.54 to 0.98 for load parameters, and from 0.26 to 0.87 for stress parameters. 33 % (3/9) of stress parameters and 82 % (18/22) of load parameters had an ICC > 0.75. The largest limits of agreement were 41.6 for slap shot 1 after test and 50.4 for 6-min heart rate recovery. The smallest were 0.40 (10-m sprint without a puck) and 5.36 (resting lactate). The intra-rater reliability as shown by the coefficient of variation (CV) was lower for stress than for load parameters (mean CV: 13.4 vs. 4.7). 68 % (15/22) of load parameters and 11 % (1/9) of stress parameters showed a CV below 5 %. Conclusion The IHCT is currently the only ice hockey-specific complex test with scientifically tested reliability and validity that can analyze performance under conditions similar to competition. It is suggested that coaches, fitness coaches and sports scientists explore use of this test as a valid tool to assess players’ performance and the effectiveness of training interventions.

scholarly journals Monitoring Training and Recovery during a Period of Increased Intensity or Volume in Recreational Endurance Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2401
Author(s):  
Olli-Pekka Nuuttila ◽  
Ari Nummela ◽  
Keijo Häkkinen ◽  
Santtu Seipäjärvi ◽  
Heikki Kyröläinen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Maximal Speed ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Monitoring Training

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of progressively increased training intensity or volume on the nocturnal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), countermovement jump, perceived recovery, and heart rate-running speed index (HR-RS index). Another aim was to analyze how observed patterns during the training period in these monitoring variables were associated with the changes in endurance performance. Thirty recreationally trained participants performed a 10-week control period of regular training and a 10-week training period of either increased training intensity (INT, n = 13) or volume (VOL, n = 17). Changes in endurance performance were assessed by an incremental treadmill test. Both groups improved their maximal speed on the treadmill (INT 3.4 ± 3.2%, p < 0.001; VOL 2.1 ± 1.8%, p = 0.006). In the monitoring variables, only between-group difference (p = 0.013) was found in nocturnal HR, which decreased in INT (p = 0.016). In addition, perceived recovery decreased in VOL (p = 0.021) and tended to decrease in INT (p = 0.056). When all participants were divided into low-responders and responders in maximal running performance, the increase in the HR-RS index at the end of the training period was greater in responders (p = 0.005). In conclusion, current training periods of increased intensity or volume improved endurance performance to a similar extent. Countermovement jump and HRV remained unaffected, despite a slight decrease in perceived recovery. Long-term monitoring of the HR-RS index may help to predict positive adaptations, while interpretation of other recovery-related markers may need a more individualized approach.

Energy expenditure by elite midget male ice hockey players in small-sided games

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles-Mathieu Lachaume ◽  
François Trudeau ◽  
Jean Lemoyne
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Treadmill Testing ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy expenditure and heart rate responses elicited in elite male midget ice hockey players during small-sided games. Nine players (aged 15.89 ± 0.33 years) participated in the study. Maximal progressive treadmill testing in the laboratory measured the relationship of oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) to heart rate before on-ice assessments of heart rate during six different small-sided games: 1v1, 2v2, 2v2 with support player, 3v3 with support player, 3v3 with transitions, and 4v4 with two support players. Heart rate was recorded continuously in each game. 3v3 T small-sided game was the most intense for all four intensity markers. All six small-sided games reached 89% HRmax or more with heart rate peaks in active effort repetition. These findings demonstrate that such small-sided games are considered as high intensity games and are an effective training method for ice hockey players.

scholarly journals Deep Reinforcement Learning in Ice Hockey for Context-Aware Player Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiliang Liu ◽  
Oliver Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Game Context ◽  
Player Performance ◽  
Q Function

A variety of machine learning models have been proposed to assess the performance of players in professional sports. However, they have only a limited ability to model how player performance depends on the game context. This paper proposes a new approach to capturing game context: we apply Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to learn an action-value Q function from 3M play-by-play events in the National Hockey League (NHL). The neural network representation integrates both continuous context signals and game history, using a possession-based LSTM. The learned Q-function is used to value players' actions under different game contexts. To assess a player's overall performance, we introduce a novel Game Impact Metric (GIM) that aggregates the values of the player's actions. Empirical Evaluation shows GIM is consistent throughout a play season, and correlates highly with standard success measures and future salary.

scholarly journals HEART RATE VARIABILITY FEATURES IN ELITE HOCKEY PLAYERS AGED 15–16 AND SPORTS SELECTION EFFICIENCY IN YOUTH ICE HOCKEY

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Surina-Marysheva ◽  
V Erlikh ◽  
I Medvedeva ◽  
Yu Korableva ◽  
S Kantyukov
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Selection Efficiency ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Sports Selection
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