scholarly journals Potential Applications in Relation to the Various Physicochemical Characteristics of Al-Hasa Oasis Clays in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9016
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Al-Hawas ◽  
Salah A. Hassan ◽  
Hany M. AbdelDayem
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Methanol Conversion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions

In this work, various physicochemical characteristics, e.g., surface properties and mineralogical compositions, of five clays collected from different sites in the Al-Hasa oasis in Saudi Arabia have been investigated. Analysis of the mineralogical compositions of the clays in the study by X-ray diffraction indicated the coexistence of palygorskite, montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite, calcite and quartz in different percentages. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that all studied clays exhibited dehydroxylation temperatures higher than 470 °C. On the other hand, pore size distribution analysis of clays from N2 adsorption indicated the presence of micro- and narrow mesopores (of 1.3–2.8 nm). Furthermore, the capability of the different clays for removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solution has been studied. The adsorption process was described through the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. The Langmuir model was the most suitable compared to the other models in the case of palygorskite- and montmorillonite-rich clays. However, the Temkin model better represented the adsorption process of Pb (II) on calcite-rich clay. The clay sample with 61.0 wt% of palygorskite was found to be the most effective at removing Pb (II), with a maximum removal capacity of 74.07 mg/g at pH 6, with a contact time of 6 h and at 25 °C. Generally, the adsorption mechanism of lead over all the studied clays followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. On the other hand, the catalytic activity of clays in the study has been tested in methanol conversion. The acidic clays, those containing high amounts of montmorillonite, showed higher selectivity to ethylene, viz., 78.9%, with a methanol conversion of 39.1% at 350 ° C and 0.1 MPa.

A Nabatean port on the Red Sea: note on the pottery finds from al-Qusayr (al-Wajh, Saudi Arabia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Durand
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Roman Egypt ◽  
Pottery Sherds ◽  
First Time

Al-Qusayr is located 40 km south of modern al-Wajh, roughly 7 km from the eastern Red Sea shore. This site is known since the mid-19th century, when the explorer R. Burton described it for the first time, in particular the remains of a monumental building so-called al-Qasr. In March 2016, a new survey of the site was undertaken by the al-‘Ula–al-Wajh Survey Project. This survey focused not only on al-Qasr but also on the surrounding site corresponding to the ancient settlement. A surface collection of pottery sherds revealed a striking combination of Mediterranean and Egyptian imports on one hand, and of Nabataean productions on the other hand. This material is particularly homogeneous on the chronological point of view, suggesting a rather limited occupation period for the site. Attesting contacts between Mediterranean merchants, Roman Egypt and the Nabataean kingdom, these new data allow a complete reassessment of the importance of this locality in the Red Sea trade routes during antiquity.

New uses for brick-making clay materials from the Bailén area (southern Spain)

Clay Minerals ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gonzalez ◽  
E. Galan ◽  
A. Miras ◽  
P. Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Clay Materials

AbstractAn attempt has been made to assess new potential applications for the Bailén clays, traditionally used for manufacturing bricks, based on mineralogical, chemical, particle size, plasticity and firing results. Raw materials and mixtures used by the local factory were selected and tested with the addition of some diatomite, feldspar or kaolin. Based on their properties, clay materials from Bailén might be suitable for making porous red wall tiles, clinker, vitrified red floor tiles and porous light-coloured wall tiles by pressing; the first could be manufactured from the raw materials and mixtures currently used by the local manufactures. On the other hand, stoneware shaped by extrusion, such as perforated bricks, facing bricks and roofing tiles, can be also manufactured from the mixtures used at the factory if they contain 20-25% carbonate and small amounts of iron oxides; lightweight bricks require black and yellow clays with diatomite.

scholarly journals Iran Nuclear Deal: Its Political and Economic Implications for the Region as a Whole and for Pakistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shah ◽  
Rab Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Mahsud
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Other Hand

Introduction. No doubt that the Iran-USA nuclear deal of 2015 got fame in the international politics. Some countries were in favor of such a deal and some were against this development. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has more concerns over the Iran nuclear deal, it feels that after the deal Iran will become a regional power and will increase its military and political power which will disturb the regional security and stability. As the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) itself provokes the creation of such conditions, thus their influence in the Middle East will be affected. Analysis. The article analyzes the concerns of Israel, implications for Turkey, the question why deal is beneficial for Pakistan, economic concerns of Saudi Arabia, implications for Persian Gulf and Middle East, economic implications for Turkey, economic opportunities for Pakistan. After the nuclear deal, Iran becomes a regional power and increases its political and economic influence in the region, especially in the Persian Gulf. The world says that Iran cannot get nuclear weapons after the deal because it has no such a capacity. However, according to some findings from the documents of the deal Iran is not blocked to become a nuclear power and the deal legitimizes the nuclear program. So, on the other hand after the Iran nuclear deal the regional political and economic environment is totally favorable to Iran. On the other hand, scholars believe that the United States of America (USA) operate in terms of diplomatic competition. From the economic standpoint, the deal will be favorable for Iran. Thus, some countries have objections related to the deal, while others express a positive attitude towards it. Results. Pakistan will be able to generate economic opportunities from Iran, especially with the help of Iran-Pakistan-India Gas pipeline project (IPI project). Consequences of the deal will be beneficial for the regional economic development of the Middle East and South Asia respectively.

The Ancient Dād in Southwest Saudi Arabia

Arabica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munira Al-Azraqi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One

AbstractAl-dād is a unique sound in Arabic. It is believed that this sound is what makes Arabic a distinguished language. However, its description has confused the linguists for long time. Some modern linguists believe that al-dād described by the ancient linguists is not used in the present time. On the other hand, Arabic speakers may not know that the sound they use for the classical pronunciation of al-dād is not the one described by the ancient Arab linguists. This study records the existence of a sound that has the features of al-dād as described by the ancient Arab linguists. It is used among some speakers in Southwest Saudi Arabia.

Computerized Fieldwork Data Base: Applications and Implications

1987 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Polatajko ◽  
Marilyn Ernest ◽  
Joyce MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
Professional Judgement

Fieldwork placement is a complicated and involved task. On the one hand, it requires insightful, professional judgement, but on the other hand, it includes numerous routine administrative and clerical tasks. To deal with fieldwork placement more efficiently and effectively it was decided to computerize the fieldwork placement system at the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario. This paper describes the system developed and the resultant data base. The potential applications of the data base and the implications for students, facilities, educational programs, professional governing bodies and research are discussed.

N+3 and N+4 Generation Aeropropulsion Engine Combustors: Part 2 — Medium Size Rich-Dome Engines and Lean-Domes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hukam C. Mongia
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Funding Support

Comprehensive assessment of the medium size rich-dome engines was conducted leading to the following emissions correlations: (1) LTO NOx = 1.129 × OPR 1.0899 with R 2 = 0.9248 Takeoff NOxEI given by (2) NOxEI = 0.0729 × OPR 1.7197 with R 2 = 0.9603 COEI idle = 396.42 NOxEI Takeoff 0.814 These correlations may be compared with the following for the CFM56 Tech Insertion: Takeoff NOxEI CFM_TI = 0.0744 × OPR 1.7151 Idle COEI CFM_TI = 396.42 Takeoff NOxEI 0.814 Idle HCEI CFM_TI = 0.1609 × Idle COEI - 3.1959 TALON II takeoff NOxEI data are reproduced well by: NOxEI TALON II = 0.0167 × OPR 2.1403 TALON II gives 10% lower NOx at 26 OPR and its NOx is comparable with the CFM_TI at 34 OPR. The CFM DAC technology is competitive with LEC’s for the low rated thrust engines. However, interaction between the two domes leads to early quenching with resultant higher idle COEI plateau. On the other hand, the 40 OPR lean DAC gave 25% higher NOx than LEC. Moreover, lean DAC (Gen-1) impacted fuel burn adversely making its likelihood to continue as product discouraging. The second generation lean dome technology initially kicked off under NASA sponsorship with significantly larger funding support from the CFMI and GE Aviation (GEA) led to successful introduction of TAPS into products (GEnx-1B and Gen-2B) with potential applications in other future GEA engines.

scholarly journals Iodine adequacy in reproductive age women living in the Western region of Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firas Azzeh ◽  
Bassem Amr Refaat
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Saudi Women ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract Background Despite the significance of iodine deficiency in women of reproductive age due its associated serious maternal and foetal complications, surveys related to this vulnerable population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are lacking. This study, therefore, aimed to measure the frequency alongside the potential socioeconomic factors contributing towards iodine inadequacy in Saudi women of childbearing age from the Western province of KSA.Methods Urinary iodine concentrations IUIC) were measured in random spot samples collected from 1222 pregnant women and 400 age-matched non-pregnant/non-lactating women. The socioeconomic characteristics were obtained through a structured questionnaire. The classification of iodine sufficiency was based on the WHO criteria for UIC in pregnant (150–249 μg/L) and non-pregnant women (100–199 μg/L).Results The UIC median in the non-pregnant women (101.64 μg/L; IQR: 73.72) was at the lowest WHO recommended cut-off. The pregnant women, on the other hand, had a median UIC (112.99 μg/L; IQR: 104.56) markedly below the minimal WHO limit for pregnancy. Coherently, the median IUC was below adequacy across the trimesters and was lowest during the first trimester. Additionally, 49.7% (n = 199) of the non-pregnant and 62.5% (n = 764) of pregnant women were iodine deficient as per the WHO criteria. While pregnancy (OR = 4.3; 95%CI: 3.08–5.96) and using non-iodised salt (OR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.35–2.83) significantly increased the risk of iodine deficiency, the intake of iodine supplements significantly lowered the risk (OR = 0.010; 95%CI: 0.006–0.017). On the other hand, the intake of iodine above requirement was observed in 8.5% and 4.2% of the non-pregnant and pregnant women, respectively. Moreover, BMI was the sole independent factor increasing the odds (OR = 1.061; 95%CI: 1.010–1.114) of taking iodine above requirements.Conclusions This study is the first to show high prevalence of mild iodine deficiency among reproductive age Saudi women, which could represent a serious public health problem. This study also advocates the necessity to establish routine iodine dietary advice services by the health authorities to foster adequate iodine intake in pregnant women to avoid the perilous maternal-foetal health consequences of iodine deficiency.

Initial geminations as non-actual surface forms in Qassimi Arabic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mufleh Salem M. Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Optimality Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Obligatory Contour Principle ◽  
Actual Surface ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Glottal Stop

AbstractThis paper sheds light on the treatment of initial gemination in Qassimi Arabic (QA), a Najdi dialect spoken in the Al-Qassim region in central Saudi Arabia, within the framework of Parallelism, an Optimality Theory (OT) model. The study concludes that initial geminates, which are non-actual surface forms in QA, result from the assimilation of the prefix /t-/ to stem-initial consonants of Arabic verb forms II and III, as well as hollow verbs, to avoid violation of the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP). On the other hand, initial semisyllables, as moraic consonants, originate from initial gemination and consequently motivate prosthesis; that is, the purpose of prosthesis is to affiliate a semisyllable to the syllable node without causing violation of the Strict Layer Hypothesis (SLH). Sequences of assimilation of prefix /t-/ plus prosthesis do not occur simultaneously, whereas regressive assimilation feeds the prosthetic vowel [i], which, in turn, feeds the prosthetic glottal stop [ʔ] to concur with the Onset Principle. These sequences thus indicate transparent rule interactions, that is, feeding. Parallel OT is then successfully utilized to account for this type of phonological derivation.

scholarly journals The principle of vulnerability and its potential applications in bioethics

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Enikő Demény
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Action ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
European Bioethics

Abstract The principle of vulnerability is a specific principle within European Bioethics. On the one hand, vulnerability expresses human limits and frailty on the other hand it represents moral and ethical action principles. In this paper a discussion on the relationship between the concepts of autonomy, vulnerability and responsibility is proposed and presentation of some possible applications of the principle of vulnerability within bioethics. In conclusion, some potential benefits of applying the principle of vulnerability as well as possible difficulties in its application are highlighted.

scholarly journals Bioinspired Fog Collection Surface of Conical Brass With Gradient Wettability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yanling wan ◽  
Caiyun Zhang ◽  
Pu Cui ◽  
Huadong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Fog Collection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Droplet Movement

Abstract How to obtain more fresh water from nature economically and efficiently is a hot issue that needs to be solved urgently. Herein, inspired by the directional fog collection ability of the surface of pine needles, a wettability-gradient-brass-cone (WGBC) was prepared through a two-step process of precision cutting and chemical etching, producing a surface with functions of fog collection and droplet movement to the root of the cone. On the other hand, through experimental exploration and optimization of taper parameters, the excellent directional collection velocity of droplets was obtained. This work may direct the design of gradient wetting surfaces by mimicking the structure of pine needles and explore potential applications in fog harvesting.

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