scholarly journals Hardware in the Loop Platform for Testing Photovoltaic System Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8690
Author(s):  
Víctor Samano-Ortega ◽  
Alfredo Padilla-Medina ◽  
Micael Bravo-Sanchez ◽  
Elías Rodriguez-Segura ◽  
Alonso Jimenez-Garibay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Real System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Hill Climbing ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
System Control ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
The Real ◽  
Point Tracking

The hardware in the loop (HIL) technique allows you to reproduce the behavior of a dynamic system or part of it in real time. This quality makes HIL a useful tool in the controller validation process and is widely used in multiple areas including photovoltaic systems (PVSs). This study presents the development of an HIL system to emulate the behavior of a PVS that includes a photovoltaic panel (PVP) and a DC-DC boost converter connected in series. The emulator was embedded into an NI-myRIO development board that operates with an integration time of 10 µs and reproduces the behavior of the real system with a mean percent error of 2.0478%, compared to simulation results. The implemented emulator is proposed as a platform for the validation of control systems. With it, the experimental stage is carried out on two controllers connected to the PVS without having the real system and allowing to emulate different operating conditions. The first controller is based on the Hill Climbing algorithm for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT), the second is a proportional integral (PI) controller for voltage control. Both controllers generate settling times of less than 3 s; the MPPT controller generates variations in the output in steady state inherent to the algorithm used. For both cases, the comparison of the experimental results with those obtained through software simulation show that the platform fulfills its usefulness when evaluating control systems.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation applied to milk cooling

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Renan Rezende ◽  
Ednilton Tavares de Andrade ◽  
Jefferson Luiz Gomes Correa ◽  
Ricardo Rodrigues Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Real System ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Real

A model is a representation of a real system that can be analysed and yield predictions under different operating conditions. The aim of this study was to model a milk cooling tank that cools milk to 4 °C to preserve its quality after milking at the farm. The model was developed and simulated using the software Ansys for finite element analysis. The results from the simulations were compared to experimental data. The model simulated milk cooling in the tank with an error lower than 2%, which is considered acceptable for numerical simulations. In other words, the model satisfactorily represents the real system. Thus, alternatives can be directly tested in the computational model to improve and optimise the milk cooling process and to better use the system without actually implementing them in the real system.

Seven-level grid-connected packed U-cells inverter using photovoltaic generators system

2021 ◽  
pp. 095965182098795
Author(s):  
Alaeddine Ben Zid ◽  
Abdessalem Lamari ◽  
Faouzi Bacha
Keyword(s):  
Input Voltage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
System Control ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Central Type ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Controller Board ◽  
Photovoltaic Generators

In this article, one of the most recent multilevel converter topologies named packed U-cells is developed for three-phase grid-connected inverter mode using photovoltaic input voltage sources. This topology makes a very important research subject in what concerns the adaptation of multilevel inverters with photovoltaic systems. According to the literature, it is well applicable with the string type and suitable for high-voltage applications because the number of switches is less than conventional topology and maximum blocking voltage is Udc and 2 Udc; however, it is not applicable for multistring type and unsuitable for the central type because it is based on isolated DC source. The packed U-cells topology is highly optimized from the point of view of the number of passive and active components. The output voltages of our converter are composed by seven levels obtained by the auxiliary buses voltages regulation. In order to obtain the DC input voltages of 120 V for the inverter, photovoltaic generators are connected to a boost converters. The maximum power point tracking method based on the Perturb and Observe was used to improve and optimize the performance of the photovoltaic system control in the simulation part. The grid-connected PUC7 inverter operates with a unit power factor and injects active power into the grid. The control is configured to make the current waveform in phase with the AC voltage waveform. Reference angle variations have been made to operate with different power factors to test the performance of the applied control and the influence of these variations on the auxiliary buses voltages regulation. The simulations were done under Matlab/Simulink platform and have been experimentally verified using dSpace 1104 controller board and three-phase packed U-cells inverter composed by nine half-bridge insulated-gate bipolar transistor modules.

scholarly journals Highly Efficient and Robust Grid Connected Photovoltaic System Based Model Predictive Control with Kalman Filtering Capability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed Abdelrahem ◽  
Ralph Kennel
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Extended Kalman Filter ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Efficient Estimation ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point

Renewable energy sources, especially photovoltaic (PV) ones, are gaining more and more interest due to the predicted lack of conventional sources over the coming years. That shortage is not the only concern, as environmental issues add to this concern also. Thus, this study proposes two-stage PV grid connected system, which is supported with extended Kalman filter (EKF) for parameter estimation. In the first stage, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for the boost converter is accomplished using new MPPT method in which the switching state of the converter is directly generated after the measurement stage, so it is called direct switching MPPT technique. This technique is compared with the conventional finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) method, where the design of the cost function is based on minimizing the error between the reference and the actual current. The reference current is obtained by employing perturb and observe (P&O) method. In the second stage, the two-level inverter is controlled by means of model predictive control (MPC) with reduced computation burden. Further, to overcome the parameter variations, which is a very common problem in MPC applications, an extended Kalman filter is utilized to eliminate the control algorithm’s dependency on the parameters by providing an efficient estimation. After the inverter, an RL filter is inserted to guarantee the quality of the currents injected into the grid. Finally, the system is validated using Matlab under different operating conditions of atmospheric variation and parameter changes.

Experimental control of photovoltaic system using neuro – Kalman filter maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Boutabba ◽  
Said Drid ◽  
Larbi Chrifi-Alaoui
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Maximum Power Point Tracking ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Fast Tracking ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point

AbstractThis paper proposes a new maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique of photovoltaic system based on Kalman filter (KF) and associate to Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The design process of photovoltaic (PV) modules can be greatly enhanced by using advanced and accurate models. Furthermore, the use of a neural model especially for accuracy improvement of the electrical equivalent circuit parameters, where the analytic equation of the model cannot be easily expressed, because the relationship between parameters is nonlinear. The proposed neural network is trained once by using some measured I-V and P-V curves and to keep in account the change of all the parameters at different operating conditions. For that reason, to get the fast tracking performance on this noisy conditions, and to maximize the power of photovoltaic system a KF method have been used. The performance analysis of perturb and observe (P&O) and KF MPPT techniques has been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software and their model and control schemes has been analyzed and validated.

scholarly journals Optimization of the maximum power point of photovoltaic working under partial shading conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Bui Van Hien ◽  
Viet Anh Truong ◽  
Quach Thanh Hai
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Power Point

Photovoltaic is used to convert electricity from solar radiation. The working characteristics of photovoltaic depend on environmental conditions such as temperature, solar radiation intensity, and the surrounding environment. During operation, the photovoltaic generation system (PGS) can be partially or completely shaded due to natural phenomena such as clouds, buildings, dust, animals, electric pillars, trees ... these are changing the characteristics of the system’s power output of PV. This paper proposes a maximum power point tracking algorithm for PGS operating under partially shaded condition (PSC) based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method, and a configuration comprises of three PV modules type PHM60W36 is used to simulate using PSIM software. The study focused on changing the working characteristics of the photovoltaic system when changing factors such as level, location of the photovoltaic module are shaded. The effectiveness of the proposed method is not only compared with the traditional Perturb and Observe (P&O) method but also compared with those proposed previously under the same operating conditions. In addition, an experimental model was developed to investigate the response of the proposed solution in the real environment with the Chroma-62050H simulator. The results show the superiority of the proposed solution in improving the performance MPPT and convergence speed of the system under complex operating conditions.

scholarly journals Modelling and Performance Analysis for a PV System Based MPPT Using Advanced Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eid A. Gouda ◽  
Mohamed Fawzi Kotb ◽  
Dina A. Elalfy
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
System Control ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Power Point

The produced power from Photovoltaic system is varied and its efficiency is severely affected by many factors such as irradiance and ambient temperature. To obtain a competent system with maximum benefits, the tracking of the maximum power point became mandatory. This paper presents an efficient design of maximum power point tracking “MPPT” for PV system control using three advanced techniques; PSO, Perturb- and-observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (I_C). The PV system based MPPT has been modelled and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results are studied, analyzed and compared to the three proposed algorithms. PSO proved higher tracking power, lower power loss, high tracking speed, less time and minor oscillation than the other two techniques.

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of a Novel Concept for Axels Dry Braking System in Off-Road Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Milani ◽  
Luca Montorsi ◽  
Gabriele Muzzioli ◽  
Gabriele Storchi ◽  
Stefano Terzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Real System ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
The Real ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Multi Phase

Abstract The paper proposes a novel concept for axels dry braking system in off-road vehicles by implementing an oil recovery system in the friction plates chamber. The new system is able to remove the oil in the discs’ chamber when they are not engaged and to replenish it when the braking system is activated and the heat generated has to be dissipated. Thus, the energy losses due to the oil splashing will be significantly reduced with remarkable effects on the fuel consumption of the vehicle. Since experimental measurements are very difficult to carry out on a real system, a simplified geometry is designed and an ad-hoc test rig realized. Fast imaging techniques are used to capture the multiphase flow pattern within the friction plates chamber at different rotational speeds of the axel. The experimental results are used to validate a full 3D multi-phase CFD approach. A good agreement between the measurements and the calculations is found. The numerical modeling is therefore employed to predict the flow distribution in the real geometry and under actual operating conditions. A modular approach is adopted for the domain subdivision in order to represent accurately the three dimensional geometrical features, while the volume of fluid approach is used to model the multi-phase flow that characterizes the component. A conjugate heat transfer model is also adopted to predict the heat transferred from the discs to the working fluid and how the fluid is dissipating the heat within the component. By means of the numerical analysis the geometry of the real system is designed in order to improve the performance of the dry braking systems both in terms of energy saving and oil cooling.

Comparisons of the Power-Feedback MPPT Algorithms for the Photovoltaic Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 1047-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Chung Yu ◽  
Yih Bin Lin ◽  
Yu Cheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Hill Climbing ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Tracking Time ◽  
Power Point

The purpose of this paper is to compare three power-feedback maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms used in photovoltaic systems. The Matlab/Simulink is used in this paper to establish a model of photovoltaic system with MPPT function. This system is developed by combining the models of established PV module and DC-DC boost converter with the power-feedback MPPT algorithms of perturbation and observation, incremental conductance and hill climbing, respectively. The system will be simulated under different weather conditions and MPPT algorithms. According to the comparisons of the simulation results, it can be observed that the photovoltaic simulation system can track the maximum power accurately using the three MPPT algorithms discussed in this paper. HC algorithm possesses fast dynamic response, but P&O algorithm is well regulated PV output voltage and power than HC algorithm. The tracking time spent by INC algorithm is a little longer than the other two algorithms. The HC algorithm is suitable for the cases of battery charging which doesn't need extremely stable voltage, and the P&O algorithm is more suitable for the system with precision electric instruments. Furthermore, the INC algorithm is adaptable to the cases of fast changing weather conditions owing to its advantage of no misjudgment.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Frequency PLL Approach for Grid Connected Multifunctional Inverter for Residential Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012118
Author(s):  
H K Yada ◽  
M R Anumandla ◽  
A A J Basha
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Dc Offset ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Voltage Signal ◽  
Power Point

Abstract This paper presents an adaptive frequency Phase locked loop (PLL) based approach for grid connected multifunctional inverter is presented for residential applications. The proposed control structure deals with non-linear loads and also non ideal grid voltages like magnitude variation, frequency variation, unbalance harmonics, etc. and can effectively address the DC offset in a voltage signal which in turn improves the power quality. A third order generalized integrator based PLL with adaptive frequency and DC offset elimination blocks will effectively deal with the power grid voltage fluctuations, frequency variations and eliminate the phase difference between PLL output. This approach is implemented as control algorithm for single-stage single-phase grid connected multifunctional inverter topology for PV applications which feeds energy to the grid. The Maximum Power Point Tracking is obtained by Perturb & Observe method for extracting maximum power from a Photovoltaic system. A detailed analysis with the proposed control technique is presented in this paper. Experimental tests are conducted at various operating conditions to describe and verify the performance of the proposed control using MATLAB / Simulink.

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