scholarly journals Can Encapsulation of the Biocide DCOIT Affect the Anti-Fouling Efficacy and Toxicity on Tropical Bivalves?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8579
Author(s):  
Juliana Vitoria Nicolau dos Santos ◽  
Roberto Martins ◽  
Mayana Karoline Fontes ◽  
Bruno Galvão de Campos ◽  
Mariana Bruni Marques do Prado e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Perna Perna ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
High Toxicity ◽  
Byssus Thread ◽  
Silica Nanocapsules

The encapsulation of the biocide DCOIT in mesoporous silica nanocapsules (SiNC) has been applied to reduce the leaching rate and the associated environmental impacts of coatings containing this biocide. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of DCOIT in both free and nanostructured forms (DCOIT vs. SiNC-DCOIT, respectively) and the unloaded SiNC on different life stages of the bivalve Perna perna: (a) gametes (fertilization success), (b) embryos (larval development), and (c) juveniles mussels (byssus threads production and air survival after 72 h of aqueous exposure). The effects on fertilization success showed high toxicity of DCOIT (40 min-EC50 = 0.063 μg L−1), followed by SiNC-DCOIT (8.6 μg L−1) and SiNC (161 μg L−1). The estimated 48 h-EC50 of SiNC, DCOIT and SiNC-DCOIT on larval development were 39.8, 12.4 and 6.8 μg L−1, respectively. The estimated 72 h-EC50 for byssus thread production were 96.1 and 305.5 µg L−1, for free DCOIT and SiNC-DCOIT, respectively. Air survival was significantly reduced only for mussels exposed to free DCOIT. Compared to its free form, SiNC-DCOIT presented a balanced alternative between efficacy and toxicity, inhibiting efficiently the development of the target stage (larvae that is prone to settle) and satisfactorily preventing the juvenile attachment.

scholarly journals Maternal care in Omaspides bistriata Boheman (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Mesomphaliini)

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-622
Author(s):  
Rolando Ramírez C. ◽  
Marcela Sánchez-Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Stages Of Development

Maternal care (subsociality): characterization of the different stages of maternal care and its efficiency as a strategy. Maternal care and larval development of Omaspides bistriata Boheman, 1862 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Mesomphaliini) are described; including characteristics and manner in which maternal care is given across the different stages of development of the specie (eggs, larvae, pupae and teneral adults). We report the oviposition of eggs, the duration to hatch the eggs, and the duration of larval period, pupal stage, and emergence. A life table and survival curve is presented covering all life stages. Changes in the behavior and feeding habits are also noted for the immatures and the attending mother.

Macrophage Cell Membrane Camouflaged Mesoporous Silica Nanocapsules for In Vivo Cancer Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 1645-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjun Xuan ◽  
Jingxin Shao ◽  
Luru Dai ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
Junbai Li
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Silica Nanocapsules

scholarly journals Lack of Negative Effects of Fasting of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus Aurata) Breeders During the Spawning Period on Maternal and Egg Nutrient Composition, Fertilization Success and Early Embryo/larval Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros Chatzifotis ◽  
Abraham Gómez Gutiérrez ◽  
Maria Papadaki ◽  
Fabrizio Caruso ◽  
Irini Sigelaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Spawning Period

Abstract The effect of fasting on spawning performance, maternal and egg nutrient composition, and on embryo/larval development was monitored in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Two broodstocks were fasted during two consequtive years, for a period of 43 and 54 days withing the spawning season, in a preliminary (year 1) and a main study (year 2), respectively. Mean daily fecundity showed a declining trend during fasting in the main study only, while fertilization success was high in both years and it was not affected by fasting, as was hatching and 5-day larval survival. There was a loss of 23.5% of maternal body mass due to fasting, and gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes as well as crude protein in maternal muscle and gonads -but not in liver- were reduced after fasting. In muscle, after fasting Σω-6 PUFA and C18:3ω-3 were reduced while C20:4ω-6, 20:5ω-3/20:4ω-6 and C22:6ω-3/20:4ω-6 increased; in liver, significant reductions were observed in C16:0, C18:3 ω-3, 20:5ω-3/C22:6ω-3 and increases in C18:0, C20:5ω-3, Σω-6 PUFA and 20:5ω-3/20:4ω-6; in gonads, C15:0, ΣMUFA, 20:5ω-3/C22:6ω-3, 20:5ω-3/20:4ω-6 were increased while C18:1ω-9, C20:5ω-3 reduced. Contrary to maternal tissues, the energy density and proximate composition of the eggs did not change due to fasting. The study suggests that fasting of gilthead seabream breeders for many weeks during the spawning period does not affect spawning performance, egg proximate composition or embryo and early larval development, since maternal nutrient reserves are mobilized to maintain optimal egg nutrient composition.

scholarly journals Problems and puzzles in echinoderm demography

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Measurement Bias ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
A Site ◽  
Tagging Methods

Introduction: There are problems and puzzles in understanding reproduction, growth and mortality in echinoderm life cycles. Objective: Explore problems and puzzles in life cycles that are important and challenging. Methods: The literature is used to elucidate problems associated with all life stages. Results: Sources of larvae that settle at a site are explored using oceanographic modelling and genetic methods. There are few studies that have estimated larval mortality in the plankton under field conditions and results differ from experimental results or patterns of settlement. In a small number of studies, mortality rate of newly settled larvae appears to change rapidly as individuals grow. There are problems measuring size, and measurement bias that interferes with many tagging methods used to estimate growth. There also are problems with the use of natural growth lines and commonly used software to estimate both growth and mortality from size-frequency data. An interesting puzzle is that echinoderms may show negative senescence with mortality rate decreasing with size. There is a problem in fertilization success based on density so there should not be rare species where sexes are separate with free spawning of gametes yet there seem to be rare echinoderms. Conclusions: All parts of echinoderm life cycles provide problems and puzzles that are important and challenging.

scholarly journals Analysis of the effect of methadone and temperature on the development rate of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae): A forensically important fly

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawoud Kshvary ◽  
Yavar Rassi ◽  
Kourosh Azizi ◽  
MOHAMMAD ALI OSHAGHI ◽  
SAYENA RAFIZADEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Interval Estimates ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Study Development

Abstract. Keshavarzi D, Rassi Y, Azizi K, Oshaghi MA, Rafizadeh S, Alimohammadi AM, Namadi MS, Parkhideh SZ. 2020. Analysis of the effect of methadone and temperature on the development rate of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae): A forensically important fly. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 87-91.  The development rate/time of flies is a scientific method to estimate the minimum time elapsed after death. Several studies have shown that opioids and temperature affect maggot growth rates. However, there are few published data that investigate the effect of ante-mortem methadone use on larval length of Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy). Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of methadone and temperature on the development rate/time of this species. During this study, four rabbits were administered 0.10, 0.50, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg of methadone via gavage over a period of 14 days, and a five rabbit, which did not receive methadone, was used as a control. The rabbits' tissues were separated and exposed to maggots for rearing. Minimum developmental times of C. vicina life stages at six constant temperature regimes were provided. From hours 48 to 96, larvae feeding on tissues containing 10 mg/kg methadone developed more rapidly than those feeding on tissues containing 0.1, 0.50, and 1 mg/kg and also from the control. In the present study, development rate of C. vicina was linearly related to temperature (R2 = 0.96, p =0.02) between 16 and 32°C. The results revealed that the differences observed in the rates of development were sufficient to alter postmortem interval estimates based on larval development by up to 24 h.

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