scholarly journals A Unified Database Solution to Process BIM and GIS Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8518
Author(s):  
Michał Wyszomirski ◽  
Dariusz Gotlib
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Spatial Databases ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
New Perspective

For many years, the objective of spatial databases created using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology was to provide information about large spaces and areas outside of buildings. Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology focused mainly on small spaces, indoor and outdoor, targeted at other users and slightly different applications, was developed simultaneously for several dozen years. The significant development of GIS technology and new tools for quick data acquisition (e.g., laser scanning) and growing user needs resulted in the geoinformation modeling of the space inside buildings as well. BIM, on the other hand, began to be used for increasingly larger spaces outside buildings. Technology developers, users, and scientists started to notice that works turned out to be repetitive and that combining two different technologies is necessary; however, it is not simple. The research presented in the article is another attempt at connecting the world of BIM and GIS. The proposed integrated database environment of BIM/GIS spatial data makes it possible to store GIS and BIM data, enabling the use of the same data by both types of systems simultaneously and in a consistent manner. This allows BIM systems to to obtain simultaneous access to BIM and GIS data, which may be needed in, for example, the process of analyzing a building and its immediate surroundings. At the same time, GIS can obtain up-to-date building data necessary for spatial analyses, building management, or route mapping in navigation applications. The concept proposed in this article assumes a pragmatic approach, which is based on sharing Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and CityGML schemas from a single database for BIM and GIS applications in their practically original form using an additional integrated BIM-GIS schema, called BIGI-S. The research joins some other works in this field, complementing them and adding a new perspective. This paper describes the concept of this solution, including specific data structures, data conversion algorithms, and a prototype solution. The tests carried out by the authors prove the robustness of the adopted concept and its technical feasibility.

scholarly journals Towards Effective BIM/GIS Data Integration for Smart City by Integrating Computer Graphics Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1889
Author(s):  
Junxiang Zhu ◽  
Peng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Geography Markup Language ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
Building Information

The development of a smart city and digital twin requires the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), where BIM models are to be integrated into GIS for visualization and/or analysis. However, the intrinsic differences between BIM and GIS have led to enormous problems in BIM-to-GIS data conversion, and the use of City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) has further escalated this issue. This study aims to facilitate the use of BIM models in GIS by proposing using the shapefile format, and a creative approach for converting Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) to shapefile was developed by integrating a computer graphics technique. Thirteen building models were used to validate the proposed method. The result shows that: (1) the IFC-to-shapefile conversion is easier and more flexible to realize than the IFC-to-CityGML conversion, and (2) the computer graphics technique can improve the efficiency and reliability of BIM-to-GIS data conversion. This study can facilitate the use of BIM information in GIS and benefit studies working on digital twins and smart cities where building models are to be processed and integrated in GIS, or any other studies that need to manipulate IFC geometry in depth.

scholarly journals Maritime Laser Scanning as the Source for Spatial Data

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Szulwic ◽  
Paweł Burdziakowski ◽  
Artur Janowski ◽  
Marek Przyborski ◽  
Paweł Tysiąc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Maritime Environment

Abstract The rapid development of scanning technology, especially mobile scanning, gives the possibility to collect spatial data coming from maritime measurement platforms and autonomous manned or unmanned vehicles. Presented solution is derived from the mobile scanning. However we should keep in mind that the specificity of laser scanning at sea and processing collected data should be in the form acceptable in Geographical Information Systems, especially typical for the maritime needs. At the same time we should be aware that data coming from maritime mobile scanning constitutes a new approach to the describing of maritime environment and brings a new perspective that is completely different than air and terrestrial scanning. Therefore, the authors, would like to present results of an experiment aimed at testing the possibilities of using mobile scanning at sea. Experiment was conducted in the harbour and the associated environment of neighbouring southern coast of the Baltic Sea.

Including the spatial dimension: using geographical information systems in hydrology

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
Spatial Data Models ◽  
The Many ◽  
Hydrological Applications

Developments in geographical information systems (GIS) technology have coincided with moves within hydrology to a more explicit accounting of space through distributed rather than lumped or topological representations. GIS support these spatial data models and provide integrating, measuring and analytical capabilities which have been used in many hydrological applications ranging from inventory and assessment studies through to process modelling. The many examples in the article illustrate how the technology has supported moves away from averaged value representations for catchments towards a greater inclusion of spatial variations in hydrological studies. While the potential of these systems is gradually being realized, there are still various issues, both technical and methodological, which at present limit their use. As new data sources become available, GIS data structures become more flexible and open, and, as the understanding of scale variations in processes improves, the possibilities for using the technology in hydrological research will expand.

scholarly journals Classification of Landscape Physiognomies in Rural Poland: The Case of the Municipality of Cekcyn

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Anna Górka ◽  
Kazimierz Niecikowski
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Databases ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
European Landscape Convention

<p>This article presents a methodology and the results of the classification of the rural landscapes physiognomies conducted on the study area located in the municipality of Cekcyn, Poland. The study aimed to develop a landscape identification method that would combine natural, cultural, and visual criteria with which to implement the provisions of the European Landscape Convention. The realization of the European Landscape Convention in Poland is incomplete due to the lack of practical application of landscape assessment in land management and spatial planning at the commune level. The research was intended at helping to fill this void. The study develops a method using which it will be possible to protect the diversity and beauty of Europe’s rural landscapes more effectively. The goal has so far been of little scientific interest in Poland. The physiognomy of the studied area was analyzed with the use of commonly available spatial data and by means of field studies. Physical-geographical units and cultural characteristics have been designated based on spatial databases. Landscape patterns were identified by analyzing visual fields with the use of both GIS applications and field studies. This practice made it possible to determine physiognomic units of the landscape which are internally coherent and relatively homogeneous in terms of physical-geographical, cultural, and visual features. Identifying the landscape physiognomy within the designated landscape physiognomic units serves to harmonize spatial alterations in the area of rural communes in processes of land management and planning.</p>

scholarly journals Issues of GIS data management

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Richta
Keyword(s):  
Density Distribution ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Cad Systems ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
High Level

The paper deals with current issues of spatial data modelling and management used by spatial management applications. As a case study for explaining the problem, we use comparison of two main groups of software tools covering this area GIS and CAD systems - and the posibilities of their integration. Studying its functionality, we have found two main problematic issues. The first of them is the density distribution characteristics of stored data according to described area. CAD systems are oriented towards modeling individual man-made objects and structures with relatively high level of detail, so the data stored covers small areas with huge amount of information. On the other side GIS applications maintain large-scale models of real world with significantly lower amount of detail. Here the density distribution of data coverage is better balanced. So the combination of described different densities is the first problem. The second watched issue is the way of storing spatial data. While CAD data are usually stored in individual files (like DXF, IGES), GIS data tend to be stored in files or realtional databases. The question we see is, if it is possible to store CAD data along with GIS data in the same database in spite of different distribution densities and different data models. Our paper describes ways of solving this problem.

scholarly journals Aerodromų kliūtis ribojančių paviršių modeliavimas geoinformacinių technologijų priemonėmis

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Viktoras Paliulionis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Site Model ◽  
Modelling Analysis ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Scanning Lidar

Trijų matavimų (3D) erdvinių duomenų modeliavimas, analizė ir vizualizavimas naudojami daugelyje sričių. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjami klausimai, susiję su aerodromų kliūtis ribojančių paviršių (apsaugos zonų) modeliavimu, siekiant nustatyti kliūtis, kurios gali kelti pavojų orlaivių skrydžiams. Pademonstruota, kaip šiuos klausimus galima spręsti naudojantis skaitmeniniu reljefo, vietovės ir kliūtis ribojančių paviršių modeliavimu, 3D vizualizavimu ir analize. Siūlomas skaitmeninių vietovės modeliųsudarymo algoritmas leidžia efektyviai naudoti lazerinio skenavimo (LIDAR) taškų duomenis. Aprašyta bandomoji sistema „Akis-AER“, kurios paskirtis – padėti nustatyti kliūtis aplink aerodromus ir įvertinti planuojamus statyti ar aukštinamus statinius aerodromų apsaugos zonose.The Use of GIS Technology in Modelling Obstacle Limitation Surfaces of an AerodromeViktoras Paliulionis SummaruThere are many domains where the modelling, analysis and visualization of three-dimensional spatial data can be useful. The paper discusses the issues concerning the modelling of aerodrome obstacle limitation surfaces. They can help to detect obstacle in the flight path of an aircraft. To this end, digital relief and site models need to be created together with obstacle limitation surface models. A fast and effective algorithm of creating three-dimensional digital site model which uses airborne laser scanning (LIDAR) data is proposed. The 3D visualization and analysis of the model are also discussed. The paper presents the experimental Akis-AER software designed to detect potential obstacles around an aerodrome and assess whether it is safe to install a new construction or to increase the height of the existing one in the navigating space around the aerodrome.

scholarly journals Wall Structure Geometry Verification Using TLS Data and BIM Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11804
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bariczová ◽  
Ján Erdélyi ◽  
Richard Honti ◽  
Lukáš Tomek
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Graphic Data ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Normal Vectors

Building information modeling (BIM) represents significant progress in the field of digitalization and informatization of the construction process. The virtual model (BIM model) is the source of graphic data among other information, which are applicable for geometry verification of the building’s structures. For this purpose, data and information about the building should be collected. Comparison of the BIM model (design) with as-built 3D models enables the evaluation of the quality of the as-built structures. The most effective methods for spatial data collection are terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and close-range photogrammetry. Using both methods, measurement can result in a point cloud. The paper describes an approach for verifying the geometry of wall structures. The graphic data of designed structures are represented by the existing BIM model. The approach presented uses the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) file format from which the designed geometry is derived. The as-built models of the structures are created from point clouds. Point cloud segmentation uses a combination of regression, filtering based on local normal vectors, and curve segmentation. Consequently, the designed and the as-built models (segmented from the point cloud) are compared.

Application Of BIM-Technology In The Restoration Of Buildings

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Structural Scheme ◽  
Traditional Design ◽  
Information Interaction ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Effective Organization

The paper describes the main trends in the development of BIM technologies in the field of restoration and reconstruction of historical and cultural heritage buildings. The practical part of the paper presents the experience in using information modeling technologies when restoring the building, where the VI Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in Moscow took place. The use of laser scanning technologies made it possible to reproduce with high accuracy in the information model the original appearance of the building using Autodesk RevitR software. It is shown, how the use of information modeling technologies affects the duration of restoration process, taking into account the calculation of the structural scheme and bearing structures of the building, ensuring the identity of the decoration and the effective organization of electromechanical installation. Operating in a single BIM information environment makes it possible to continuously obtain reliable information on the project, which provides more effective information interaction and communication of participants compared to using traditional design methods.

Evaluation of the expediency of using thermal i magery data for decryption exogenous processes and vegetation

2018 ◽  
Vol 933 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
V.S. Tikunov ◽  
I.A. Rylskiy ◽  
S.B. Lukatzkiy
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Thermal Imagery ◽  
Scanning Lidar ◽  
Field Works ◽  
Object Features

Innovative methods of aerial surveys changed approaches to information provision of projecting dramatically in last years. Nowadays there are several methods pretending to be the most efficient for collecting geospatial data intended for projecting – airborne laser scanning (LIDAR) data, RGB aerial imagery (forming 3D pointclouds) and orthoimages. Thermal imagery is one of the additional methods that can be used for projecting. LIDAR data is precise, it allows us to measure relief even under the vegetation, or to collect laser re-flections from wires, metal constructions and poles. Precision and completeness of the DEM, produced from LIDAR data, allows to define relief microforms. Airborne imagery (visual spectrum) is very widespread and can be easily depicted. Thermal images are more strange and less widespread, they use different way of image forming, and spectral features of ob-jects can vary in specific ways. Either way, the additional spectral band can be useful for achieving additional spatial data and different object features, it can minimize field works. Here different aspects of thermal imagery are described in comparison with RGB (visual) images, LIDAR data and GIS layers. The attempt to estimate the feasibility of thermal imag-es for new data extraction is made.

scholarly journals A Common Approach to Geo-Referencing Building Models in Industry Foundation Classes for BIM/GIS Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Junxiang Zhu ◽  
Peng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Building Information Modeling ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
Gis Integration ◽  
Building Information

Previous geo-referencing approaches for building information modeling (BIM) models can be problematic due to: (a) the different interpretations of the term ‘geo-referencing’, (b) the insufficient consideration of the placement hierarchy of the industry foundation classes (IFCs), and (c) the misunderstanding that a common way to embed spatial reference information for IFC is absent. Therefore, the objective of this study is to (1) clarify the meaning of geo-referencing in the context of BIM/GIS data integration, and (2) develop a common geo-referencing approach for IFC. To achieve the goal, a systematic and thorough investigation into the IFC standard was conducted to assess the geo-referencing capability of IFC. Based on the investigation, a geo-referencing approach was established using IFC entities that are common in different IFC versions, which makes the proposed approach common to IFC. Such a geo-referencing approach supports automatic geo-referencing that would facilitate the use of BIM models in GIS, e.g., for the construction of digital twins.

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