scholarly journals Reliability-Based Decision Support Framework for Major Changes to Social Infrastructure PPP Contracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7659
Author(s):  
Linna Geng ◽  
Nilupa Herath ◽  
Lihai Zhang ◽  
Felix Kin Peng Hui ◽  
Colin Duffield
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
End User ◽  
Perceived Service Quality ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Decision Support Framework ◽  
Contractual Obligations

In the operational phase of public-private partnership (PPP) contracts, undue delay in addressing real needs may lead to poor service outcomes; conversely, commencing variations to a PPP agreement on the whim of end-user runs the risk of reducing the value created by detailed structuring and considerations undertaken in establishing agreement. This difficulty is exasperated as there is generally a lack of understanding by the end-user as to the specifics of service delivery performance requirements contracted. In order to address this question, this study, for the first time, develops a reliability-based decision support framework (RDSF) that incorporates end-user’s perceived service quality (i.e., how satisfied it is with the space, operation and maintenance activities) with those specified in the PPP agreement, and further identifies when the gap between end-user’s expectations and contractual obligations warrants reconsideration. This developed framework is then implemented to test the data gathered from three PPP schools in Australia based on both a current snapshot of performance data, i.e., abatements as gathered through contract documents and end-user’s perception through in-depth interviews, and a projected scenario of the future as well. Reliability analysis used here compares time-dependent risk profiles of current and expected performance and thereby identifies major changes in a PPP contract that would sensibly require reconsideration. The specific results indicate there is no current difficulty between end-user’s perception and the contract. However, the projected long-term scenario demonstrates how the decision framework can identify areas for review and changes if end-users are more dissatisfied with the service being achieved. The RDSF is capable of quantifying current service performance, considering the engagement of the end-user. Thus it enriches theories in the field of performance management system (PMS), and also contributes to knowledge regarding an evidence-based test for justifying possible agreement modifications or additional works in social PPPs operations. In addition, guidance for performance improvement strategies in aspects of the dissatisfied area is also provided. Application of this approach would assist in maintaining the long-term value for money of social infrastructure PPP agreements.

scholarly journals Decision Support Framework for Cycling Investment Prioritization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Draženko Glavić ◽  
Miloš N. Mladenović ◽  
Marina Milenković
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Regulatory Constraints ◽  
User Attitudes ◽  
Decision Support Framework ◽  
Conflicting Objectives

Considering the significant potential for environmental, economic, social and health benefits from cycling, transport planners around the world are considering a wide variety of strategies for its promotion. However, cycling investments still have to find their place in a coherent package among other policies. Different constraints often imply a need for prioritization in cycling project implementation. The need for prioritization list of proposed investments can be caused by different factors such as available budget, available time, and regulatory constraints. Evaluation of investments in cycling infrastructure is a field of study that still requires further development, as previous research has mostly focused on questions of what to build and where. Previously used cost-benefit methods have substantive and procedural limitations in dealing with non-commensurable effects, and dealing with multiple conflicting objectives stemming from different stakeholders. On the contrary, development of prioritization list is formulated here as a semi-structured decision problem, thus belonging to the group of multi-criteria analysis (MCA) methods. The MCA methodology implemented in this decision-support framework is based on Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE). The expert-based decision-support framework includes procedures for defining list of evaluation criteria and their weights, scoring of alternatives, and sensitivity analysis. Presented decision-support framework is applied on six bicycle sections of the EuroVelo route 8 through Montenegro. Results provide a list of prioritized infrastructural investments, as well as list of criteria with weights, and sensitivity analysis. Decision-support framework is discussed in the context of further professionalizing of cycling planning, as well as short-term and long-term structuration of organization learning in the transition country context. Finally, this development opens up directions for further contextualization of decision criteria, and greater consideration of user attitudes in cycling promotion.

Financial Folly and Spain’s Black Legend

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Black Legend ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
The Relationship

This epilogue argues that Castile was solvent throughout Philip II's reign. A complex web of contractual obligations designed to ensure repayment governed the relationship between the king and his bankers. The same contracts allowed great flexibility for both the Crown and bankers when liquidity was tight. The risk of potential defaults was not a surprise; their likelihood was priced into the loan contracts. As a consequence, virtually every banking family turned a profit over the long term, while the king benefited from their services to run the largest empire that had yet existed. The epilogue then looks at the economic history version of Spain's Black Legend. The economic history version of the Black Legend emerged from a combination of two narratives: a rich historical tradition analyzing the decline of Spain as an economic and military power from the seventeenth century onward, combined with new institutional analysis highlighting the unconstrained power of the monarch.

Mitigating Environmental Constraints at Airports through Long Term Planning: A Decision Support Approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Upham ◽  
Yingjie Yang ◽  
David Raper ◽  
Callum Thomas ◽  
David Gillingwater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Environmental Constraints

Developing Dynamic Reference Models and a Decision Support Framework for Southeastern Ecosystems: An Integrated Approach

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Kirkman ◽  
John K. Hiers A. ◽  
L. L. Smith ◽  
L. M. Conner ◽  
S. L. Zeigler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Reference Models ◽  
Decision Support Framework

scholarly journals Quantifying Proximity, Confinement, and Interventions in Disease Outbreaks: A Decision Support Framework for Air-Transported Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 2890-2898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tami C. Bond ◽  
Angela Bosco-Lauth ◽  
Delphine K. Farmer ◽  
Paul W. Francisco ◽  
Jeffrey R. Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Decision Support Framework

scholarly journals A Transformation of the Approach to Evaluating a Region’s Investment Attractiveness as a Consequence of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Dmitriy G. Rodionov ◽  
Evgenii A. Konnikov ◽  
Magomedgusen N. Nasrutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
World Order ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused a transformation of virtually all aspects of the world order today. Due to the introduction of the world quarantine, a considerable share of professional communications has been transformed into a format of distance interaction. As a result, the specific weight of traditional components of the investment attractiveness of a region is steadily going down, because modern business can be built without the need for territorial unity. It should be stated that now the criteria according to which investors decide if they are ready to invest in a region are dynamically transforming. The significance of the following characteristics is increasingly growing: the sustainable development of a region, qualities of the social environment, and consistency of the social infrastructure. Thus, the approaches to evaluating the region’s investment attractiveness must be transformed. Moreover, the investment process at the federal level involves the determination of target areas of regional development. Despite the universal significance of innovative development, the region can develop much more dynamically when a complex external environment is formed that complements its development model. Interregional interaction, as well as an integrated approach to innovative development, taking into account not only the momentary effect, but also the qualitative long-term transformation of the region, will significantly increase the return on investment. At the same time, the currently existing methods for assessing the investment attractiveness of the region are usually heuristic in nature and are not universal. The heuristic nature of the existing methods does not allow to completely abstract from the subjectivity of the researcher. Moreover, the existing methods do not take into account the cyclical properties of the innovative development of the region, which lead to the formation of a long-term effect from the transformation of the regional environment. This study is aimed at forming a comprehensive methodology that can be used to evaluate the investment attractiveness of a certain region and conclude about the lines of business that should be developed in it as well as to find ways to increase the region’s investment attractiveness. According to the results of the study, a comprehensive methodology was formed to evaluate the region’s investment attractiveness. It consists of three key indicators, namely, the level of the region’s investment attractiveness, the projected level of the region’s investment attractiveness, and the development vector of the region’s investment attractiveness. This methodology is based on a set of indicators that consider the status of the economic and social environment of the region, as well as the status of the innovative and ecological environment. The methodology can be used to make multi-dimensional conclusions both about the growth areas responsible for increasing the region’s innovative attractiveness and the lines of business that should be developed in the region.

scholarly journals Decision support framework for the regional facility location and development planning problem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kik ◽  
Matthias Gerhard Wichmann ◽  
Thomas Stefan Spengler
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Facility Location ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Location Factor ◽  
Decision Support Framework

AbstractLocation choice is a crucial planning task with major influence on a company’s future orientation and competitiveness. It is quite complex, since multiple location factors are usually of decision-relevance, incomparable, and sometimes conflictual. Further, ongoing urbanization is associated with locational dynamics posing major challenges for the regional location management of companies and municipalities. For example, respecting urban space as location factor, a scarcity growing over time leads to different assessment and requirements on a company’s behalf. For both companies and municipalities, there is a need for location development which implies an active change of location factor characteristics. Accordingly, considering locational dynamics is vital, as they may be decisive in the location decision-making. Although certain dynamics are considered within conventional Facility Location Problem (FLP) approaches, a systematic consideration of active location development is missing so far. Consequently, they may propagate long-term unfavorable location decisions, as major potentials associated with company-driven and municipal development measures are neglected. Therefore, this paper introduces a comprehensive decision support framework for the Regional Facility Location and Development planning Problem (RFLDP). It provides an operationalization of development measures, and thus anticipates dynamic adaptations to the environment. An established multi-criteria approach is extended to this new application. A complementary guideline ensures its meaningful applicability by practitioners. Based on a real-life case study, the decision support framework’s strength for practical application is demonstrated. Here, major advantages over conventional FLP approaches are highlighted. It is shown that the proposed methodology results in alternative location decisions which are structurally superior.

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